Sumter National Forest Final Report - NatureServe

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Tiarella cordifolia var. collina, Heuchera americana, Stellaria pubera, Podophyllum peltatum, Prenanthes serpentaria, Thalictrumthalictroides, Chrysogonum virginianum var. virginianum, Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa, Thelypteris noveboracensis, and Botrychiumvirginianum. Exact composition varies locally with position on slope and nature of soil. Western Piedmont sites often have increasingimportance of Tsuga canadensis, Rhododendron spp., and other species that are more typical of the Southern Blue Ridge.Environment: Examples of this association predominantly occur on steep but sheltered slopes adjacent to creeks or rivers in thePiedmont. They can occur further upslope, but occurrences are much more likely as one gets closer to streams.Vegetation: The canopy of stands of this association is dominated by mesophytic trees such as Fagus grandifolia, Quercus rubra,Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer rubrum, and in the western Piedmont, Tsuga canadensis. Typical understory trees include Cornusflorida, Oxydendrum arboreum, Acer rubrum, and Ilex opaca. Shrub species may include Vaccinium stamineum, Viburnumrafinesquianum, Euonymus americana, and sometimes Kalmia latifolia. The herb layer is often moderately dense and diverse, thoughit may be sparse under heavy shade. Herb species may include Polystichum acrostichoides, Viola spp., Dichanthelium spp. (=Panicum spp.), Galium circaezans, Hexastylis arifolia, Hexastylis minor, Desmodium nudiflorum, Erythronium umbilicatum ssp.umbilicatum, Chamaelirium luteum, Epifagus virginiana, Tiarella cordifolia var. collina, Heuchera americana, Stellaria pubera,Podophyllum peltatum, Prenanthes serpentaria, Thalictrum thalictroides, Chrysogonum virginianum var. virginianum, Hepaticanobilis var. obtusa, Thelypteris noveboracensis, and Botrychium virginianum (Schafale and Weakley 1990). Exact composition varieslocally with position on slope and nature of soil. Western Piedmont sites often have increasing importance of Tsuga canadensis,Rhododendron spp., and other species that are more typical of the Southern Blue Ridge.Dynamics: Under natural conditions these forests are uneven-aged, with old trees present. Reproduction occurs primarily in canopygaps. Rare, severe natural disturbances such as wind storms may allow pulses of increased regeneration and allow the less shadetolerantspecies to remain in the community. However, Skeen, Carter, and Ragsdale (1980) argued that even the shade-intolerantLiriodendron could reproduce enough in gaps to persist in the climax Piedmont forests (Schafale and Weakley 1990).The natural fire regime of the Piedmont is not known but fires certainly occurred periodically. Because Mesic Mixed HardwoodForests generally occur in moist and topographically sheltered sites, they probably burned only rarely and with low intensity (Schafaleand Weakley 1990).Disturbed areas have increased amounts of pines and weedy hardwoods such as Liriodendron tulipifera and Liquidambar styraciflua.Many areas have been selectively cut many times and have increased importance of Fagus grandifolia and other noncommercialhardwoods relative to oaks (Schafale and Weakley 1990). Other areas that were disturbed in the distant past may be younger and,therefore, may have a higher proportion of oaks with beeches mainly in the understory.Similar Associations:• Fagus grandifolia - Quercus rubra / Ostrya virginiana - Acer (barbatum, leucoderme) / Actaea racemosa - Sanguinariacanadensis Forest (CEGL008466) -- the basic Piedmont equivalent.Related Concepts:• Fagus grandifolia - Quercus (alba, rubra) - Liriodendron tulipifera / Ilex opaca var. opaca - (Asimina triloba) Forest (Flemingpers. comm.) ?• Fagus grandifolia - Quercus rubra - Quercus alba / Carpinus caroliniana Forest (Lea 2002a) ?Classification Comments:CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIESGRank: G3G4 (2001-1-18): While not as extensive as the oak-hickory forests, Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest communities arefairly common. Their occurrence on steep sites has allowed many of them to escape, until recently, with less disturbance than mostupland communities (Schafale and Weakley 1990). Some examples with old forest can be found. Selective timbering may havedecreased the importance value of more desirable hardwoods (e.g., Quercus rubra). Some examples are protected in the BirkheadMountain Wilderness Area and other parts of the Uwharrie National Forest.High-ranked species: No informationELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This association is found in the Piedmont of the southeastern United States, from Maryland to Georgia.Subnations: GA, MD, NC, SC, VATNC Ecoregions: 52:C, 58:CUSFS Ecoregions: 231Aa:CCC, 231Ae:CCCFederal Lands: DOD (Falls Lake, Jordan Lake, Kerr Reservoir); NPS (Guilford Courthouse, Ninety Six, Thomas Stone); USFS(Oconee?, Sumter?, Uwharrie)ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Fleming 2001, Fleming et al. 2001, Fleming pers. comm., LeGrand and Dalton 1987, Lea 2002a, Nehmeth 1968,Oosting 1942, Peet and Christensen 1980, Peet et al. unpubl. data 2002, Schafale and Weakley 1990, Skeen et al. 1980, SoutheasternEcology Working Group n.d.Vegetation of Sumter National Forest April 30 2004Copyright © 2004 NatureServe66
WHITE OAK - MOCKERNUT HICKORY / AMERICAN STRAWBERRY-BUSH / ARROWLEAF HEARTLEAF FORESTELEMENT IDENTIFIERSNVC association: Quercus alba - Carya alba / Euonymus americana / Hexastylis arifolia ForestDatabase Code: CEGL006227Formation: Lowland or submontane cold-deciduous forest (I.B.2.N.a)Alliance: Quercus alba - (Quercus rubra, Carya spp.) Forest Alliance (A.239)ELEMENT CONCEPTSummary: This type represents mesic, subacid oak-hickory forests of the southern Piedmont and possibly adjacent ecoregions.Stands of this association typically exhibit heavy dominance by Quercus alba and Carya alba. The canopy or subcanopy may alsocontain Fagus grandifolia, Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya ovalis, Prunus serotina, Acer rubrum, Quercusnigra, Quercus falcata, Quercus velutina, Oxydendrum arboreum, Fraxinus spp., Halesia sp., Nyssa sylvatica, and Cornus florida.Some stands may contain a minor component of Pinus echinata. Shrubs include Euonymus americana, Rhododendron canescens,Calycanthus floridus, Aesculus pavia, Hydrangea quercifolia, Vaccinium elliottii, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium stamineum,Asimina parviflora, and Asimina parviflora. Vines such as Toxicodendron radicans, Smilax rotundifolia, Smilax glauca,Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Vitis rotundifolia are abundant. Some typical herbs are Hexastylis arifolia, Mitchella repens,Polystichum acrostichoides, Dioscorea villosa, Elephantopus tomentosus, Maianthemum racemosum, Coreopsis major, Desmodiumnudiflorum, and Hypoxis hirsuta.Environment: This community occupies protected low slopes in the acidic Piedmont where creeks have cut small draws or valleys.Vegetation: Stands of this association typically exhibit heavy dominance by Quercus alba and Carya alba. The canopy orsubcanopy may also contain Fagus grandifolia, Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya ovalis, Prunus serotina, Acerrubrum, Quercus nigra, Quercus falcata, Quercus velutina, Oxydendrum arboreum, Fraxinus spp., Halesia sp., Nyssa sylvatica, andCornus florida. Some stands may contain a minor component of Pinus echinata. Shrubs include Euonymus americana, Rhododendroncanescens, Calycanthus floridus, Aesculus pavia, Hydrangea quercifolia, Vaccinium elliottii, Vaccinium pallidum, Vacciniumstamineum, Asimina parviflora, and Asimina parviflora. Vines such as Toxicodendron radicans, Smilax rotundifolia, Smilax glauca,Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Vitis rotundifolia are abundant. Some typical herbs are Hexastylis arifolia, Mitchella repens,Polystichum acrostichoides, Dioscorea villosa, Elephantopus tomentosus, Maianthemum racemosum, Coreopsis major, Desmodiumnudiflorum, and Hypoxis hirsuta (Golden 1979).Dynamics: This community typically exists on sheltered gentle slopes leading down to drainageways in the Piedmont. It is mostlikely not fire-tolerant.Similar Associations:• Quercus alba - Quercus (rubra, coccinea) - Carya (alba, glabra) / Vaccinium pallidum Piedmont Dry-Mesic Forest(CEGL008475) -- similar with a more northerly range.• Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya glabra - Carya ovata / Viburnum rafinesquianum / Viola tripartita Forest (CEGL007236)-- relationship is unclear.• Quercus falcata - Quercus alba - Carya alba / Oxydendrum arboreum / Vaccinium stamineum Forest (CEGL007244) -- a lessmesic type with range overlap in the southern Piedmont.• Quercus rubra - Quercus alba - Carya glabra / Geranium maculatum Forest (CEGL007237)Related Concepts:• White Oak (Golden 1979) ?Classification Comments: Based on data in Golden (1979; 6 stands sampled). This association needs clarification and expansion,and subsequent range assessment. In particular, compare to Quercus rubra - Quercus alba - Carya glabra / Geranium maculatumForest (CEGL007237) and Quercus alba - Quercus (rubra, coccinea) - Carya (alba, glabra) / Vaccinium pallidum Piedmont Dry-Mesic Forest (CEGL008475). Golden's data may actually represent a variety of Quercus alba-dominated associations. Moreinformation is needed.CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIESGRank: G4G5 (2002-9-3): Global rank changed from G5? to G4G5 to better reflect its rarity and the possible uncertainty. This is asomewhat widespread type, but is not secure across its range. The Piedmont is an area of rapid population growth, and at a minimumthis forest is threatened by removal of commercially valuable timber species (e.g., Quercus alba), conversion to other forest types,and fragmentation and removal in areas of human population growth.High-ranked species: No informationELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This association is found in the Piedmont from South Carolina to Alabama.Subnations: AL, GA, SCTNC Ecoregions: 52:CUSFS Ecoregions: 231A:CC, 231D:CCFederal Lands: NPS (Cowpens); USFS (Oconee, Sumter?)Vegetation of Sumter National Forest April 30 2004Copyright © 2004 NatureServe67
Page 3:
1 NatureServe is an international o
Page 11 and 12:
types. However, when necessary, mod
Page 13 and 14:
[Association name = floristic nomin
Page 15 and 16:
Generally 5 or fewer occurrences an
Page 17 and 18:
All scientific names for vascular s
Page 19 and 20:
Summary: A short description of the
Page 21 and 22:
Loucks, O. 1996. 100 years after Co
Page 23 and 24:
ALLIANCES BY US NATIONAL VEGETATION
Page 25 and 26:
virginiana, and Acer pensylvanicum
Page 27 and 28:
virginiana, Juniperus virginiana va
Page 29 and 30:
• Appalachian pine-oak forest (Ev
Page 31 and 32:
• Maritime Oak - Holly Forest / W
Page 33 and 34:
ALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This allia
Page 35 and 36:
Related Concepts:• Yellow-Poplar:
Page 37 and 38: virginiana, Sanicula canadensis, De
Page 39 and 40: Federal Lands: COE (Claiborne Lake)
Page 41 and 42: ALLIANCE SOURCESReferences: Allard
Page 43 and 44: Quercus alba and Quercus velutina a
Page 45 and 46: USFS Ecoregions: 221Hc:CCC, 221He:C
Page 47 and 48: ALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This allia
Page 49 and 50: USFS Ecoregions: 221Eb:PP?, M221Ab:
Page 51 and 52: Federal Lands: NPS (Great Smoky Mou
Page 53 and 54: the associated species. More Appala
Page 55 and 56: ALLIANCE DISTRIBUTIONRange: This al
Page 57 and 58: USFS Ecoregions: 221Ha:CCC, 221Hc:C
Page 59 and 60: elevation environments such as Leio
Page 61 and 62: CULTIVATED FORESTEASTERN WHITE PINE
Page 63 and 64: Federal Lands: DOD (Arnold, Fort Be
Page 65 and 66: does not occur on wet soils. It occ
Page 67 and 68: Liriodendron tulipifera, although o
Page 69 and 70: ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1
Page 73 and 74: Similar Associations:• Pinus echi
Page 75 and 76: • Pinus echinata - Quercus stella
Page 77 and 78: this association occurs in edaphica
Page 79 and 80: Vegetation: This forest typically h
Page 81 and 82: strobus can have high coverage and
Page 83 and 84: CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIES
Page 85 and 86: • Quercus alba - Carya alba / Euo
Page 87: muehlenbergii. In addition, Acer ba
Page 91 and 92: CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIES
Page 93 and 94: Vegetation: This association encomp
Page 95 and 96: ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This com
Page 97 and 98: • Quercus prinus - Carya spp. - Q
Page 99 and 100: catesbaei, Desmodium nudiflorum, Eu
Page 103 and 104: High-ranked species: No information
Page 105 and 106: Dynamics: No informationSimilar Ass
Page 107 and 108: protrusa, Grammitis nimbata (= Micr
Page 109 and 110: ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This for
Page 111 and 112: COMMON WATER-WILLOW HERBACEOUS VEGE
Page 113 and 114: • Betula nigra - Platanus occiden
Page 115 and 116: Formation: Temporarily flooded temp
Page 117 and 118: epeated flooding, this community ma
Page 119 and 120: USFS Ecoregions: 221Ba:CCC, 221Ha:C
Page 121 and 122: Classification Comments: On the Ban
Page 123 and 124: Classification Comments: This veget
Page 125 and 126: BIBLIOGRAPHYALNHP [Alabama Natural
Page 127 and 128: DeYoung, H. R. 1979. The white pine
Page 129 and 130: Gettman, R. W. 1974. A floristic su
Page 131 and 132: Lea, C. 2002a. Vegetation classific
Page 133 and 134: Pittman, Dr. Albert. Personal commu
Page 135 and 136: Tobe, J. D., J. E. Fairey, III, and
show all

Sumter National Forest Final Report - NatureServe

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?