Sumter National Forest Final Report - NatureServe

• White Pine - Chestnut Oak: 51 (Eyre 1980) ?• White Pine - Hardwoods, BR (Pyne 1994) ?• White Pine Forest (Schafale and Weakley 1990) I• White Pine, BR (Pyne 1994) ?Classification Comments: Isolated stands with Pinus strobus are found in the vicinity of Clifty, Kentucky. These occur onsandstones of the Dripping Springs escarpment (Logan, Muhlenburg, Todd counties) and are presumably more xeric. Their placementis unclear.ALLIANCE DISTRIBUTIONRange: This alliance is found in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and may also be found in Virginia (?).Subnations: GA, MD?, NC, SC, TN, VA, WVTNC Ecoregions: 50:C, 51:C, 52:C, 59:CUSFS Ecoregions: 221Hb:CCC, 221He:CCC, 222Eo:CCC, 231Aa:CC?, 231Ae:CCC, 231Ak:CCC, 231Al:CC?, 231Ap:CCC,M221Aa:CCC, M221Ab:CCC, M221Da:CCC, M221Db:CCP, M221Dc:CCC, M221Dd:CCCFederal Lands: NPS (Blue Ridge Parkway?, Carl Sandburg Home, Great Smoky Mountains); USFS (Chattahoochee, Cherokee?,George Washington, Jefferson, Nantahala, Pisgah, Sumter)ALLIANCE SOURCESReferences: Allard 1990, Ambrose 1990a, DuMond 1970, Eyre 1980, Gattis 1992, Patterson 1994, Pyne 1994, Schafale andWeakley 1990I.C.3.N.A. PINUS STROBUS - QUERCUS (ALBA, RUBRA, VELUTINA) FOREST ALLIANCE (A.401)EASTERN WHITE PINE - (WHITE OAK, NORTHERN RED OAK, BLACK OAK) FORESTALLIANCEALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This alliance occurs from the western Great Lakes to the northeastern United States and south to the southernAppalachian Mountains. The overstory is a mix of evergreen and deciduous trees which form a moderately closed to closed canopy.Pinus strobus is a consistent constituent of the canopy and usually occurs as supercanopy trees, as well. Quercus alba, Quercus rubra,and Quercus velutina are also important canopy trees along with minor amounts of Acer rubrum, Carya alba, Liriodendron tulipifera,Pinus resinosa, Pinus banksiana (in Wisconsin), Populus tremuloides (in the northern parts of this alliance's range), Quercusellipsoidalis (in the northwest), and Tsuga canadensis, and Quercus prinus (in the southeast). Subcanopy trees can include Carpinuscaroliniana, Cornus florida, Hamamelis virginiana, Halesia tetraptera, Oxydendrum arboreum, and Nyssa sylvatica. The shrub layeris often well-developed with Gaylussacia spp., Kalmia latifolia, Rubus spp., and Vaccinium spp. most commonly dominant. Othershrubs can include Corylus americana, Gaultheria procumbens, Rhododendron maximum, and Sassafras albidum, and in the Ridgeand Valley, Viburnum rafinesquianum and Viburnum prunifolium. The herb stratum is sparse to moderate, but can be quite speciesrich, especially in the Southern Blue Ridge and Ridge and Valley, where typical species include Ageratina altissima, Amphicarpaeabracteata, Brachyelytrum erectum, Carex communis, Carex platyphylla, Carex woodii, Carex pensylvanica, Chimaphila maculata,Desmodium nudiflorum, Eupatorium purpureum, Galax urceolata, Galium latifolium, Galium circaezans, Geranium maculatum,Goodyera pubescens, Hexastylis shuttleworthii, Hieracium venosum, Houstonia purpurea, Maianthemum racemosum, Maianthemumcanadense, Medeola virginiana, Mitchella repens, Monotropa uniflora, Poa cuspidata, Polygonatum biflorum, Polystichumacrostichoides, Trillium catesbaei, and Viola hastata. Stands of this alliance are dry-mesic to mesic forests found on acidic, relativelynutrient-poor, sandy loam to sandy soil on a variety of topographic positions. In the upper Midwest, most stands are on flat to rollingtopography on outwash plains or moraines. In the Southern Blue Ridge, they occur on mid to lower slopes in the lower elevations(below 3000 feet) on protected ridges, and in disturbed bottoms. In the Ridge and Valley of Virginia, these forests are found onprotected ravines, with rocky soils developed over shale, sandstone, or other sedimentary rock.Related Concepts:• Pinus strobus - Pinus resinosa forest (No. 36) (Vankat 1990) I• Coastal Forest/Woodland (Swain and Kearsley 2001) ?• Dry - Mesic Acidic Central Forest (Smith 1991) ?• Dry white pine (hemlock) - oak forest (Fike 1999) ?• Dry-Mesic Oak--Hickory Forest (Schafale and Weakley 1990) I• Eastern White Pine: 21 (Eyre 1980) I• Hardwood - White Pine Forest (Ambrose 1990a) I• Northern Dry-mesic Forest (Curtis 1959) I• White Pine - Chestnut Oak: 51 (Eyre 1980) I• White Pine - Northern Red Oak - Red Maple: 20 (Eyre 1980) ?Classification Comments: In the Appalachians, these forests are typically transitional between the more mesic, protected coveforests and the more xeric, exposed pine - oak forests with Quercus prinus and Quercus coccinea. Stands of this alliance are midsuccessionalbut long-lasting and require repeated disturbances to regenerate (MNNHP 1993). Isolated stands of Pinus strobus withVegetation of Sumter National Forest April 30 2004Copyright © 2004 NatureServe20