with
muehlenbergii. In addition, Acer barbatum or Acer leucoderme may be present within their ranges. Prominent understory speciesinclude Aesculus sylvatica, Ostrya virginiana, and Asimina triloba. Herbs which appear to be abundant or characteristic includePolystichum acrostichoides, Asarum canadense, Actaea racemosa (= Cimicifuga racemosa), Sanguinaria canadensis, Tiarellacordifolia var. collina, Carex laxiflora var. laxiflora, Carex grisea, Desmodium pauciflorum, Uvularia sessilifolia, Maianthemumracemosum, Polygonatum biflorum, Tipularia discolor, Dicentra canadensis, Podophyllum peltatum, Cardamine concatenata,Erythronium americanum, and Erythronium umbilicatum ssp. umbilicatum.Environment: This association represents intermediate and basic mesic mixed hardwood forests of the Piedmont, ranging fromVirginia south to Georgia.Vegetation: Nelson (1986) cites as components of the Basic <strong>Forest</strong> of the Piedmont Quercus alba, Quercus shumardii, Quercusvelutina, other oaks, Carya alba, Carya glabra, Aesculus pavia, Liriodendron tulipifera, Fagus grandifolia, Acer rubrum, Acersaccharum (sic) (in fact Acer barbatum, Acer leucoderme). He also cites Nyssa sylvatica, Cornus florida, Euonymus americana,Symplocos tinctoria, Viburnum spp., Vaccinium spp., Rhododendron spp., Luzula spp., Juncus spp., Stellaria pubera, Podophyllumpeltatum, Anemone virginiana, Anemone quinquefolia var. quinquefolia, Anemone lancifolia, Trillium cuneatum, Trillium catesbaei,Trillium cernuum, Sanguinaria canadensis, Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa, Cynoglossum virginianum, Uvularia perfoliata, Hybanthusconcolor, and Iris cristata.Dynamics: No informationSimilar Associations:• Fagus grandifolia - Quercus rubra / Cornus florida / Polystichum acrostichoides - Hexastylis virginica <strong>Forest</strong> (CEGL008465) --the more acidic Piedmont equivalent.Related Concepts:• 1.4. [Fagus grandifolia - Acer barbatum / Aesculus sylvatica <strong>Forest</strong>] (Fleming pers. comm.) ?Classification Comments: See Schafale and Weakley (1990) "Basic Mesic <strong>Forest</strong>, Piedmont Subtype," in part. More informationwill be provided by M. Schafale.CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIESGRank: G3G4 (2002-8-29): This association is naturally restricted to intermediate and basic, mesic environmental settings in thePiedmont. The degree of uncertainty in the rank reflects the need for further inventory of this community. Threats include timberharvest (in particular the removal of commercially valuable timber species), erosion, fragmentation, and the conversion of adjacentareas to planted pine stands. Some examples receive some protection on public lands (e.g., national forests, military lands, Corps ofEngineers property).High-ranked species: Trillium reliquum (G2)ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This association is found in the Piedmont and localized areas of adjacent ecoregions of the southeastern United States.Subnations: GA, NC, SC, VATNC Ecoregions: 52:CUSFS Ecoregions: 231A:CC, 232B:CCFederal Lands: DOD (Falls Lake, Fort Benning, Jordan Lake, Kerr Reservoir); NPS (Ninety Six); USFS (Oconee?, <strong>Sumter</strong>?,Uwharrie)ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Fleming et al. 2001, Fleming pers. comm., <strong>NatureServe</strong> Ecology - Southeastern U.S. unpubl. data, Nelson 1986, Peet etal. unpubl. data 2002, Schafale and Weakley 1990, Schafale pers. comm., Southeastern Ecology Working Group n.d.AMERICAN BEECH - NORTHERN RED OAK / FLOWERING DOGWOOD / CHRISTMAS FERN - VIRGINIA HEARTLEAFFORESTELEMENT IDENTIFIERSNVC association: Fagus grandifolia - Quercus rubra / Cornus florida / Polystichum acrostichoides - Hexastylis virginica <strong>Forest</strong>Database Code: CEGL008465Formation: Lowland or submontane cold-deciduous forest (I.B.2.N.a)Alliance: Fagus grandifolia - Quercus rubra - Quercus alba <strong>Forest</strong> Alliance (A.229)ELEMENT CONCEPTSummary: This association represents the more typical mesic mixed hardwood forest of the Piedmont. The canopy of stands of thisassociation is dominated by mesophytic trees such as Fagus grandifolia, Quercus rubra, Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer rubrum, and inthe western Piedmont, Tsuga canadensis. Typical understory trees include Cornus florida, Oxydendrum arboreum, Acer rubrum, andIlex opaca. Shrub species may include Vaccinium stamineum, Viburnum rafinesquianum, Euonymus americana, and sometimesKalmia latifolia. The herb layer is often moderately dense and diverse, though it may be sparse under heavy shade. Herb species mayinclude Polystichum acrostichoides, Viola spp., Dichanthelium spp. (= Panicum spp.), Galium circaezans, Hexastylis arifolia,Hexastylis minor, Desmodium nudiflorum, Erythronium umbilicatum ssp. umbilicatum, Chamaelirium luteum, Epifagus virginiana,Vegetation of <strong>Sumter</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Forest</strong> April 30 200465Copyright © 2004 <strong>NatureServe</strong>
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1 NatureServe is an international o
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types. However, when necessary, mod
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[Association name = floristic nomin
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Generally 5 or fewer occurrences an
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All scientific names for vascular s
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Summary: A short description of the
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Loucks, O. 1996. 100 years after Co
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ALLIANCES BY US NATIONAL VEGETATION
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virginiana, and Acer pensylvanicum
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virginiana, Juniperus virginiana va
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• Appalachian pine-oak forest (Ev
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• Maritime Oak - Holly Forest / W
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ALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This allia
- Page 35 and 36: Related Concepts:• Yellow-Poplar:
- Page 37 and 38: virginiana, Sanicula canadensis, De
- Page 39 and 40: Federal Lands: COE (Claiborne Lake)
- Page 41 and 42: ALLIANCE SOURCESReferences: Allard
- Page 43 and 44: Quercus alba and Quercus velutina a
- Page 45 and 46: USFS Ecoregions: 221Hc:CCC, 221He:C
- Page 47 and 48: ALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This allia
- Page 49 and 50: USFS Ecoregions: 221Eb:PP?, M221Ab:
- Page 51 and 52: Federal Lands: NPS (Great Smoky Mou
- Page 53 and 54: the associated species. More Appala
- Page 55 and 56: ALLIANCE DISTRIBUTIONRange: This al
- Page 57 and 58: USFS Ecoregions: 221Ha:CCC, 221Hc:C
- Page 59 and 60: elevation environments such as Leio
- Page 61 and 62: CULTIVATED FORESTEASTERN WHITE PINE
- Page 63 and 64: Federal Lands: DOD (Arnold, Fort Be
- Page 65 and 66: does not occur on wet soils. It occ
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- Page 69 and 70: ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1
- Page 71 and 72: ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1
- Page 73 and 74: Similar Associations:• Pinus echi
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- Page 77 and 78: this association occurs in edaphica
- Page 79 and 80: Vegetation: This forest typically h
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- Page 93 and 94: Vegetation: This association encomp
- Page 95 and 96: ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This com
- Page 97 and 98: • Quercus prinus - Carya spp. - Q
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- Page 101 and 102: ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1
- Page 103 and 104: High-ranked species: No information
- Page 105 and 106: Dynamics: No informationSimilar Ass
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- Page 109 and 110: ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This for
- Page 111 and 112: COMMON WATER-WILLOW HERBACEOUS VEGE
- Page 113 and 114: • Betula nigra - Platanus occiden
- Page 115 and 116: Formation: Temporarily flooded temp
- Page 117 and 118: epeated flooding, this community ma
- Page 119 and 120: USFS Ecoregions: 221Ba:CCC, 221Ha:C
- Page 121 and 122: Classification Comments: On the Ban
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- Page 125 and 126: BIBLIOGRAPHYALNHP [Alabama Natural
- Page 127 and 128: DeYoung, H. R. 1979. The white pine
- Page 129 and 130: Gettman, R. W. 1974. A floristic su
- Page 131 and 132: Lea, C. 2002a. Vegetation classific
- Page 133 and 134: Pittman, Dr. Albert. Personal commu
- Page 135 and 136: Tobe, J. D., J. E. Fairey, III, and