Sumter National Forest Final Report - NatureServe

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maculata, Eurybia divaricata (= Aster divaricatus), Arisaema triphyllum, Monotropa uniflora, Mitchella repens, and Medeolavirginiana. The spectacular sedge Cymophyllus fraserianus is often associated with this forest.Dynamics: No informationSimilar Associations:• Acer rubrum var. rubrum - Betula (alleghaniensis, lenta) - Magnolia fraseri / (Rhododendron maximum, Kalmia latifolia) Forest(CEGL008558)• Betula alleghaniensis - (Tsuga canadensis) / Rhododendron maximum / Leucothoe fontanesiana Forest (CEGL007861)• Tsuga canadensis - (Fagus grandifolia, Tilia americana var. heterophylla) / Magnolia tripetala Forest (CEGL008407)Related Concepts:• Liriodendron tulipifera - Betula lenta - Tsuga canadensis / Rhododendron maximum Forest (Fleming and Coulling 2001) ?• Acidic Cove Forest (Typic Subtype) (Schafale 1998b) ?• Cove Forest (Patterson et al. 1994) B• IA5b. Southern Appalachian Hemlock Cove Forest (Allard 1990) B• Mixed Mesophytic Coves (Gettman 1974) ?• Type 5 (Newell and Peet 1995) ?• Yellow-poplar - Eastern Hemlock: 58 (Eyre 1980) BClassification Comments: Deciduous trees more typical of 'rich' coves, such as Aesculus flava, Tilia americana var. heterophylla,and Acer saccharum, are present in this forest only as minor components, if at all. Likewise, rich-site herbs, such as Actaea racemosa(= Cimicifuga racemosa), Caulophyllum thalictroides, Actaea pachypoda, and Adiantum pedatum, are absent or nearly so. This forestis distinguished from "northern hardwood forests" by the lack of or near absence of Fagus grandifolia, Betula alleghaniensis,Aesculus flava, and the presence of low-elevation species, such as Betula lenta and Liriodendron tulipifera, and generally by a moredepauperate herb layer. An interesting example from the Piedmont/Blue Ridge transition of Georgia (Cedar Creek Canyon,Chattahoochee National Forest) has high coverage of Rhododendron minus and other foothills/Piedmont species such as Liquidambarstyraciflua and Aesculus sylvatica.This community type is grossly under-represented by plot data considering its extensive distribution in southwestern Virginia. In the900-1060 m (3000-3500 feet) elevation range, the type becomes transitional to Betula alleghaniensis - (Tsuga canadensis) /Rhododendron maximum / Leucothoe fontanesiana Forest (CEGL007861), which lacks lower-elevation species such as Liriodendrontulipifera and Galax urceolata, and contains many species characteristic of higher elevations and northern latitudes.Similar vegetation has been observed in coves of the Cumberland Mountains of southwestern Virginia (e.g., Clinch Ranger District:Dark Hollow, Roaring Branch, Pick Breeches and Flannery Ridges,) but comprehensive data are needed to determine whether thesestands are part of this forest types or transitional to Tsuga canadensis - (Fagus grandifolia, Tilia americana var. heterophylla) /Magnolia tripetala Forest (CEGL008407). The latter unit apparently has an extensive distribution in the Cumberland Plateau ofKentucky and Tennessee, the Southern Ridge and Valley of Tennessee, and the Central Appalachians of West Virginia andsouthwestern Pennsylvania.CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIESGRank: G5 (2001-9-28): Within its range, this community type occurs extensively in suitable mesic habitats. Occurrences aresubject to compositional modification by outbreaks of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), an exotic insect pest that causesdecline and eventual mortality of Tsuga canadensis.High-ranked species: Betula uber (G1Q), Botrychium jenmanii (G3G4), Diervilla rivularis (G3), Hexastylis contracta (G3),Hexastylis naniflora (G3), Hexastylis rhombiformis (G2), Isotria medeoloides (G2), Malaxis bayardii (G2), Monotropsis odorata(G3), Trillium persistens (G1), Waldsteinia lobata (G2)ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This community occurs in the Southern Blue Ridge and peripherally in the upper Piedmont, ranging from southwesternVirginia, south and west to northwestern Georgia.Subnations: GA, NC, SC, TN, VA, WVTNC Ecoregions: 50:P, 51:C, 52:C, 59:CUSFS Ecoregions: 231Aa:CCC, M221Aa:CCC, M221Ab:CCC, M221Ca:CPP, M221Cb:CPP, M221Cc:CPP, M221Ce:CPP,M221Da:CC?, M221Db:CCC, M221Dc:CCC, M221Dd:CCC, M231Ad:CCCFederal Lands: NPS (Blue Ridge Parkway?, Carl Sandburg Home, Great Smoky Mountains); USFS (Chattahoochee, Cherokee,Jefferson, Nantahala, Pisgah, Sumter)ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1990, Eyre 1980, Fleming and Coulling 2001, Fleming et al. 2001, Gettman 1974, NatureServe Ecology -Southeastern U.S. unpubl. data, Newell and Peet 1995, Patterson 1994, Patterson et al. 1994, Peet et al. unpubl. data 2002, Schafale1998b, Schafale and Weakley 1990, Southeastern Ecology Working Group n.d.Vegetation of Sumter National Forest April 30 2004Copyright © 2004 NatureServe38
CULTIVATED FORESTEASTERN WHITE PINE PLANTED FORESTELEMENT IDENTIFIERSNVC association: Pinus strobus Planted ForestDatabase Code: CEGL007178Formation: Planted/cultivated temperate or subpolar needle-leaved evergreen forest (I.A.8.C.x)Alliance: Pinus strobus Planted Forest Alliance (A.98)ELEMENT CONCEPTSummary: This white pine plantation type is found throughout the northeastern and midwestern United States and adjacent Canada.Stands contain plantations of Pinus strobus that are maintained for the extraction of forest products. At maturity, the tree canopy isusually dense and contains a monospecific layer of Pinus strobus. The field layer may be sparse to absent. In some stands, mossesmay be abundant. Susceptibility to a variety of pests or diseases, including White Pine Blister Rust (Cronartium ribicola) andSouthern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis), has had some impact on its commercial use.Environment: Stands contain plantations of Pinus strobus that are maintained for the extraction of forest products. The type doeswell on a variety of soils.Vegetation: The tree canopy at maturity is usually dense and contains a mono-specific layer of Pinus strobus. The field layer may besparse to absent. In some stands, mosses may be abundant.Dynamics: Pinus strobus is susceptible to a variety of pests and diseases, including White Pine Blister Rust (Cronartium ribicola)and Southern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis), which have had some impact on its commercial use. Blister rust was a problem onyoung plantations but is not much of a problem in larger trees in the east (P. Manion pers. comm. 2001).Similar Associations:Related Concepts:• IF3b. Plantation (Hardwood or Conifer) (Allard 1990) B• Unclassified Clearcut Regeneration (Fleming and Moorhead 2000) ?Classification Comments: There was a lot of planting of white pine from the 1930s into the1950s, but there has been very littleplanting since then (P. Manion pers. comm. 2001). On the Daniel Boone National Forest of Kentucky, Pinus strobus plantings are oflimited extent, and are related to wildlife plantings. There has been some damage from the Southern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonusfrontalis).These plantations have been observed in the Peters Mountain area (James River Ranger District) and various other sites in the GeorgeWashington and Jefferson national forests.CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIESGRank: GNA (cultural) (2000-8-8): This community represents vegetation which has been planted in its current location by humansand/or is treated with annual tillage, a modified conservation tillage, or other intensive management or manipulation. It is not aconservation priority and does not receive a conservation rank.High-ranked species: No informationELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This white pine plantation type is found throughout the northeastern and midwestern United States and adjacent Canada.Subnations: GA, KY, MD, NC, NH, NY, PA, SC, TN, VATNC Ecoregions: 47:C, 48:C, 51:C, 61:C, 63:CUSFS Ecoregions: 212:C, 221Ai:CCC, 221He:CCC, M212:C, M221Aa:CCC, M221Ce:CCC, M221Dc:CCC, M221Dd:CCPFederal Lands: USFS (Chattahoochee, Cherokee, Daniel Boone, George Washington, Jefferson, Nantahala, Pisgah, Sumter)ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1990, Fleming and Coulling 2001, Fleming and Moorhead 2000, Southeastern Ecology Working Group n.d.LOBLOLLY PINE PLANTED FORESTELEMENT IDENTIFIERSNVC association: Pinus taeda Planted ForestDatabase Code: CEGL007179Formation: Planted/cultivated temperate or subpolar needle-leaved evergreen forest (I.A.8.C.x)Alliance: Pinus taeda Planted Forest Alliance (A.99)Vegetation of Sumter National Forest April 30 2004Copyright © 2004 NatureServe39
Page 3:
1 NatureServe is an international o
Page 11 and 12: types. However, when necessary, mod
Page 13 and 14: [Association name = floristic nomin
Page 15 and 16: Generally 5 or fewer occurrences an
Page 17 and 18: All scientific names for vascular s
Page 19 and 20: Summary: A short description of the
Page 21 and 22: Loucks, O. 1996. 100 years after Co
Page 23 and 24: ALLIANCES BY US NATIONAL VEGETATION
Page 25 and 26: virginiana, and Acer pensylvanicum
Page 27 and 28: virginiana, Juniperus virginiana va
Page 29 and 30: • Appalachian pine-oak forest (Ev
Page 31 and 32: • Maritime Oak - Holly Forest / W
Page 33 and 34: ALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This allia
Page 35 and 36: Related Concepts:• Yellow-Poplar:
Page 37 and 38: virginiana, Sanicula canadensis, De
Page 39 and 40: Federal Lands: COE (Claiborne Lake)
Page 41 and 42: ALLIANCE SOURCESReferences: Allard
Page 43 and 44: Quercus alba and Quercus velutina a
Page 45 and 46: USFS Ecoregions: 221Hc:CCC, 221He:C
Page 47 and 48: ALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This allia
Page 49 and 50: USFS Ecoregions: 221Eb:PP?, M221Ab:
Page 51 and 52: Federal Lands: NPS (Great Smoky Mou
Page 53 and 54: the associated species. More Appala
Page 55 and 56: ALLIANCE DISTRIBUTIONRange: This al
Page 57 and 58: USFS Ecoregions: 221Ha:CCC, 221Hc:C
Page 59: elevation environments such as Leio
Page 63 and 64: Federal Lands: DOD (Arnold, Fort Be
Page 65 and 66: does not occur on wet soils. It occ
Page 67 and 68: Liriodendron tulipifera, although o
Page 69 and 70: ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1
Page 73 and 74: Similar Associations:• Pinus echi
Page 75 and 76: • Pinus echinata - Quercus stella
Page 77 and 78: this association occurs in edaphica
Page 79 and 80: Vegetation: This forest typically h
Page 81 and 82: strobus can have high coverage and
Page 83 and 84: CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIES
Page 85 and 86: • Quercus alba - Carya alba / Euo
Page 87 and 88: muehlenbergii. In addition, Acer ba
Page 89 and 90: WHITE OAK - MOCKERNUT HICKORY / AME
Page 91 and 92: CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIES
Page 93 and 94: Vegetation: This association encomp
Page 95 and 96: ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This com
Page 97 and 98: • Quercus prinus - Carya spp. - Q
Page 99 and 100: catesbaei, Desmodium nudiflorum, Eu
Page 103 and 104: High-ranked species: No information
Page 105 and 106: Dynamics: No informationSimilar Ass
Page 107 and 108: protrusa, Grammitis nimbata (= Micr
Page 109 and 110: ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This for
Page 111 and 112:
COMMON WATER-WILLOW HERBACEOUS VEGE
Page 113 and 114:
• Betula nigra - Platanus occiden
Page 115 and 116:
Formation: Temporarily flooded temp
Page 117 and 118:
epeated flooding, this community ma
Page 119 and 120:
USFS Ecoregions: 221Ba:CCC, 221Ha:C
Page 121 and 122:
Classification Comments: On the Ban
Page 123 and 124:
Classification Comments: This veget
Page 125 and 126:
BIBLIOGRAPHYALNHP [Alabama Natural
Page 127 and 128:
DeYoung, H. R. 1979. The white pine
Page 129 and 130:
Gettman, R. W. 1974. A floristic su
Page 131 and 132:
Lea, C. 2002a. Vegetation classific
Page 133 and 134:
Pittman, Dr. Albert. Personal commu
Page 135 and 136:
Tobe, J. D., J. E. Fairey, III, and
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