Sumter National Forest Final Report - NatureServe

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234A:PC, 251Ea:CCP, 251Ec:CCP, 251Ed:CCP, 251Fb:CCP, 251Fc:CCP, 255:C, M212Eb:CCC, M221Aa:CCC, M221Ac:CCC,M221Ad:CCC, M221Be:CCC, M221Bf:CCC, M221Cd:CCC, M221Da:CCC, M221Dc:CCC, M222Aa:CCP, M222Ab:CCP,M231Aa:CCC, M231Ab:CCC, M231Ac:CCC, M231Ad:CCCFederal Lands: DOD (Fort Benning); NPS (Mammoth Cave, Shiloh); USFS (Angelina, Apalachicola, Bankhead?, Bienville,Chattahoochee, Conecuh, Croatan?, Daniel Boone, Davy Crockett, De Soto, Delta, Francis Marion?, Holly Springs, Kisatchie,Oconee, Osceola?, Ouachita, Ozark, Sabine NF, Sam Houston, St. Francis, Sumter, Talladega, Tombigbee, Tuskegee); USFWS(Felsenthal?, Hatchie?, Little River, Overflow?, Pond Creek)ALLIANCE SOURCESReferences: Allard 1990, Burns and Honkala 1990a, Campbell 1988, Campbell 1989b, Evans 1991, Eyre 1980, Faber-Langendoenet al. 1996, Fike 1999, Foti 1994b, Foti et al. 1994, Fowells 1965, Gettman 1974, Hoagland 1998a, Klimas et al. 1981, Smith 1991,Wharton 1978, Wharton et al. 1982I.B.2.N.D. PLATANUS OCCIDENTALIS - (LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA, LIRIODENDRONTULIPIFERA) TEMPORARILY FLOODED FOREST ALLIANCE (A.289)SYCAMORE - (SWEETGUM, TULIPTREE) TEMPORARILY FLOODED FOREST ALLIANCEALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: Forests in this alliance typically are dominated by Platanus occidentalis with Liquidambar styraciflua and/orLiriodendron tulipifera, and typically occur on rocky streambeds and alluvial deposits on relatively high-gradient rivers. The allianceis distributed in the upper Piedmont, Appalachian Mountains, Interior Low Plateau, Cumberland Mountains, and Cumberland Plateauregions. In the eastern part of the Interior Low Plateau, vegetation of this alliance may be in lower gradient situations. Other canopyand understory species that may be present include Aesculus sylvatica (within its range), Asimina triloba, Cornus florida, Alnusserrulata, Fraxinus americana, Acer rubrum, Carpinus caroliniana, Ulmus americana, and Fagus grandifolia in the non-montanepart of the distribution. Species present in the montane occurrences include Platanus occidentalis, Liriodendron tulipifera, Betulaalleghaniensis, and Betula lenta, with Carpinus caroliniana, Hamamelis virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua, Betula nigra, Fraxinusamericana, Acer rubrum, Pinus virginiana, Pinus strobus, and Tsuga canadensis. Euonymus americana is a typical shrub species inthe lower elevation occurrences, while Rhododendron maximum and Leucothoe fontanesiana are common at higher elevations.Herbaceous species vary as well by geography and elevation, and may include Arisaema triphyllum, Sanicula canadensis, Saururuscernuus, Campanula divaricata, Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum, Amphicarpaea bracteata, Actaea racemosa (=Cimicifuga racemosa), Polystichum acrostichoides, Eurybia divaricata (= Aster divaricatus), Viola sororia, and Viola blanda. Carexspecies may be common (e.g., Carex appalachica, Carex austrocaroliniana, Carex blanda, Carex crinita, Carex digitalis, Carexplantaginea, Carex swanii, and/or Carex torta).Related Concepts:• Alluvial forest (Evans 1991) I• Eutrophic Seasonally Flooded Forest (Rawinski 1992) I• IIA7g. Sycamore - Sweetgum - American Elm Riverfront Forest (Allard 1990) I• Piedmont/Low Mountain Alluvial Forest (Schafale and Weakley 1990) I• Rocky Bar and Shore (Schafale and Weakley 1990) I• Sycamore - Sweetgum - American Elm: 94 (Eyre 1980) IClassification Comments: Vegetation of the Interior Low Plateau, where there is a distribution overlap of related alliances, may alsobe classified in the I.B.2.N.d Platanus occidentalis - (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Celtis laevigata, Acer saccharinum) TemporarilyFlooded Forest Alliance (A.288). Consider a new alliance for montane alluvial vegetation called Liriodendron tulipifera - Fraxinusamericana / Carpinus caroliniana Temporarily Flooded Forest Alliance [see North Carolina Vegetation Survey Nantahala Data].ALLIANCE DISTRIBUTIONRange: The alliance is distributed in the upper Piedmont, Appalachian Mountains, Interior Low Plateau, Cumberland Mountains,Cumberland Plateau, and Chesapeake Bay regions. In the eastern part of the Interior Low Plateau, vegetation of this alliance may bein lower gradient situations. This alliance is found in Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Maryland,Delaware, and Virginia, and possibly in Alabama (?) and Mississippi (?).Subnations: AL?, DE, GA, KY, MD, MS?, NC, SC, TN, VATNC Ecoregions: 43:C, 44:C, 50:C, 51:C, 52:C, 58:C, 59:CUSFS Ecoregions: 221Ha:CCC, 221Hb:CCC, 221Hc:CCC, 221He:CCC, 221Ja:CP?, 221Jb:CP?, 221Jc:CP?, 222C:CP, 222D:CP,222Eb:CCC, 222Ec:CCP, 222Ed:CC?, 222Eg:CC?, 222Eh:CCP, 222En:CCC, 222Eo:CCC, 231Aa:CCP, 231Ae:CCC, 231Ag:CCC,231Aj:CCC, 231Al:CCC, 231Be:C??, 231Ca:CPP, 231Cb:CPP, 231Cc:CPP, 231Cd:CP?, 231Cf:CPP, 231Da:CCP, 231Db:CCP,231Dd:CCC, 232Ad:CCC, 232Br:CCC, M221Cd:CCC, M221Dc:CCC, M221Dd:CCCFederal Lands: DOD (Arnold); NPS (Great Smoky Mountains, Kings Mountain); USFS (Chattahoochee, Cherokee, Daniel Boone,Nantahala, Pisgah, Sumter)Vegetation of Sumter National Forest April 30 2004Copyright © 2004 NatureServe18
ALLIANCE SOURCESReferences: Allard 1990, Evans 1991, Eyre 1980, Flinchum 1977, McLeod 1988, Newell and Peet 1995, Rawinski 1992, Schafaleand Weakley 1990I.C.3.N.a. Mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forestI.C.3.N.A. TSUGA CANADENSIS - LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA FOREST ALLIANCE (A.413)EASTERN HEMLOCK - TULIPTREE FOREST ALLIANCEALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: Forests in this alliance are dominated by Tsuga canadensis, occurring with various hardwood species of mesic forests,including Liriodendron tulipifera, Tilia americana var. heterophylla, Magnolia acuminata, Quercus rubra, Fraxinus americana,Betula lenta, Fagus grandifolia, Halesia tetraptera, and others. Common shrubs are Rhododendron maximum, Kalmia latifolia, andLeucothoe fontanesiana. Herbaceous cover is typically sparse and includes acid-loving species such as Polystichum acrostichoides,Goodyera pubescens, Thelypteris noveboracensis, Galax urceolata, Hexastylis sp., and Tiarella cordifolia. These forests occur indeep coves, moist flats, and ravines, but are occasionally found along larger stream bottoms, typically at elevations below 1060 m(3500 feet). Forests in this alliance include acidic cove forests and mesic successional forests, mostly of the southern and centralAppalachians, but also occurring in the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama, theAllegheny Plateau of West Virginia, and isolated occurrences in the Interior Low Plateau of Indiana and Tennessee.Related Concepts:• Acidic Cove Forest (Schafale and Weakley 1990) I• Hemlock-Mixed Mesophytic HR (Pyne 1994) ?• Yellow-Poplar - Eastern Hemlock: 58 (Eyre 1980) IClassification Comments: Occurrences are threatened by the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae), an exotic insect pest.ALLIANCE DISTRIBUTIONRange: Forests in this alliance include acidic cove forests and mesic successional forests, mostly of the southern and centralAppalachians, but also occurring in the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama, theAllegheny Plateau of West Virginia, and isolated occurrences in the Interior Low Plateau of Indiana and Tennessee. This alliance isfound in Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Indiana, Ohio,and West Virginia.Subnations: AL, GA, IN, KY, MD, NC, NJ, OH, PA, SC, TN, VA, WVTNC Ecoregions: 44:C, 45:C, 48:C, 49:C, 50:C, 51:C, 52:C, 58:C, 59:C, 61:CUSFS Ecoregions: 212:C, 221Db:CPP, 221Ea:CCC, 221Ec:CCC, 221Ed:CCC, 221Ee:CCC, 221Ef:CCC, 221Eg:CCC, 221Fa:CCC,221Fb:CCC, 221Fc:CCC, 221Ha:CCC, 221Hb:CCC, 221Hc:CCC, 221He:CCC, 222De:C??, 222Eb:CCC, 222Ek:CCC, 222Em:CCC,222Eo:CCC, 222Hb:CCC, 222Hf:CCC, 231Aa:CCC, 231Ap:CCP, 231Ca:CCC, 231Cc:CCP, 231Cd:CCC, 232Ad:CCC, 232Bt:CCC,M221Aa:CCC, M221Ab:CCC, M221Ca:CPP, M221Cb:CPP, M221Cc:CPP, M221Ce:CPP, M221Da:CCC, M221Db:CCC,M221Dc:CCC, M221Dd:CCC, M231Ad:CCCFederal Lands: NPS (Blue Ridge Parkway?, Carl Sandburg Home, Great Smoky Mountains, Mammoth Cave); USFS (Bankhead,Chattahoochee, Cherokee, Daniel Boone, George Washington, Jefferson, Nantahala, Pisgah, Sumter)ALLIANCE SOURCESReferences: Cooper and Hardin 1970, Eyre 1980, Fike 1999, Gettman 1974, Golden 1974, Malter 1977, McLeod 1988, Newell andPeet 1995, Newell et al. 1997, Patterson 1994, Pyne 1994, Schafale and Weakley 1990, Winstead and Nicely 1976I.C.3.N.A. PINUS STROBUS - QUERCUS (COCCINEA, PRINUS) FOREST ALLIANCE (A.402)EASTERN WHITE PINE - (SCARLET OAK, ROCK CHESTNUT OAK) FOREST ALLIANCEALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This alliance includes dry pine - oak forests dominated by Pinus strobus occurring with Quercus coccinea and/orQuercus prinus. Typical species in the subcanopy are Oxydendrum arboreum, Acer rubrum var. rubrum, Nyssa sylvatica, and Cornusflorida. These forests often have dense ericaceous shrub strata with species such as Rhododendron maximum, Kalmia latifolia,Vaccinium spp., or Gaylussacia spp. Herbaceous strata have low species richness and are composed of species typical of dry montaneforests, such as Galax urceolata, Viola hastata, Chimaphila maculata, Goodyera pubescens, Epigaea repens, Smilax glauca, Smilaxrotundifolia, and Chamaelirium luteum. These forests occur on dry topographic settings at low elevations (below 3000 feet) in theBlue Ridge escarpment region, on upper slopes and ridgetops. In the Ridge and Valley of Virginia, these forests are known fromnorth-facing slopes over shale substrates and on lower to middle elevation knobs and side ridges.Related Concepts:• Pinus strobus-Quercus coccinea Forest (Patterson 1994) ?• Hardwood - White Pine Forest (Ambrose 1990a) ?• IA6f. Dry White Pine Ridge Forest (Allard 1990) IVegetation of Sumter National Forest April 30 2004Copyright © 2004 NatureServe19
Page 3: 1 NatureServe is an international o
Page 11 and 12: types. However, when necessary, mod
Page 13 and 14: [Association name = floristic nomin
Page 15 and 16: Generally 5 or fewer occurrences an
Page 17 and 18: All scientific names for vascular s
Page 19 and 20: Summary: A short description of the
Page 21 and 22: Loucks, O. 1996. 100 years after Co
Page 23 and 24: ALLIANCES BY US NATIONAL VEGETATION
Page 25 and 26: virginiana, and Acer pensylvanicum
Page 27 and 28: virginiana, Juniperus virginiana va
Page 29 and 30: • Appalachian pine-oak forest (Ev
Page 31 and 32: • Maritime Oak - Holly Forest / W
Page 33 and 34: ALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This allia
Page 35 and 36: Related Concepts:• Yellow-Poplar:
Page 37 and 38: virginiana, Sanicula canadensis, De
Page 39: Federal Lands: COE (Claiborne Lake)
Page 43 and 44: Quercus alba and Quercus velutina a
Page 45 and 46: USFS Ecoregions: 221Hc:CCC, 221He:C
Page 47 and 48: ALLIANCE CONCEPTSummary: This allia
Page 49 and 50: USFS Ecoregions: 221Eb:PP?, M221Ab:
Page 51 and 52: Federal Lands: NPS (Great Smoky Mou
Page 53 and 54: the associated species. More Appala
Page 55 and 56: ALLIANCE DISTRIBUTIONRange: This al
Page 57 and 58: USFS Ecoregions: 221Ha:CCC, 221Hc:C
Page 59 and 60: elevation environments such as Leio
Page 61 and 62: CULTIVATED FORESTEASTERN WHITE PINE
Page 63 and 64: Federal Lands: DOD (Arnold, Fort Be
Page 65 and 66: does not occur on wet soils. It occ
Page 67 and 68: Liriodendron tulipifera, although o
Page 69 and 70: ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1
Page 71 and 72: ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1
Page 73 and 74: Similar Associations:• Pinus echi
Page 75 and 76: • Pinus echinata - Quercus stella
Page 77 and 78: this association occurs in edaphica
Page 79 and 80: Vegetation: This forest typically h
Page 81 and 82: strobus can have high coverage and
Page 83 and 84: CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIES
Page 85 and 86: • Quercus alba - Carya alba / Euo
Page 87 and 88: muehlenbergii. In addition, Acer ba
Page 89 and 90: WHITE OAK - MOCKERNUT HICKORY / AME
Page 91 and 92:
CONSERVATION RANKING & RARE SPECIES
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Vegetation: This association encomp
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ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This com
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• Quercus prinus - Carya spp. - Q
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catesbaei, Desmodium nudiflorum, Eu
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ELEMENT SOURCESReferences: Allard 1
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High-ranked species: No information
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Dynamics: No informationSimilar Ass
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protrusa, Grammitis nimbata (= Micr
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ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONRange: This for
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COMMON WATER-WILLOW HERBACEOUS VEGE
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• Betula nigra - Platanus occiden
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Formation: Temporarily flooded temp
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epeated flooding, this community ma
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USFS Ecoregions: 221Ba:CCC, 221Ha:C
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Classification Comments: On the Ban
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Classification Comments: This veget
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BIBLIOGRAPHYALNHP [Alabama Natural
Page 127 and 128:
DeYoung, H. R. 1979. The white pine
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Gettman, R. W. 1974. A floristic su
Page 131 and 132:
Lea, C. 2002a. Vegetation classific
Page 133 and 134:
Pittman, Dr. Albert. Personal commu
Page 135 and 136:
Tobe, J. D., J. E. Fairey, III, and
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