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vs. x and y axes respectively. The third panel displays x-y plane projected motion. Thebottom panel is altitude vs. x-axis. Time variation is from left column to right column. Itsrange distribution shows from 134 down to 126 km (the extent is about 8 or 9 km). Viewingsequences of columns (corresponding to time variation) reveals that the eighth striationdrifted southeast and reside at the altitude between 98 and 100 km. Similar characteristics isobserved in all striations of QP echoes. In order to show the detailed altitude behavior of theQP echoes more clearly, ten striations were plotted together in Figure 3. When plasmairregularities drifted into the radar scattering volume, they reside in approximately constantaltitude between 98 and 100 km. Similar observations were made by Hysell and Burcham(2000) but between altitudes 95 to 120km.18:27:018:27:2018:27:4018:28:018:28:2018:28:4018:29:018:29:20Range (km)134131128-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)Range (km)13413112879 83 87Y (km)79 83 87Y (km)79 83 87Y (km)79 83 87Y (km)79 83 87Y (km)79 83 87Y (km)79 83 87Y (km)79 83 87Y (km)87Y (km)8379-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)Altitude(km)1009896-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)-20 -15 -10X (km)Figure 2. Series of three-dimensional distribution of the eighth striation of QP echoes at 18:27:00-18:29:20.07/03/2000 18:20:40-18:32:20100Altitude(km)9896Figure 3. Altitude variations with respect to time of the ten striations shown in Figure 2. It shows average altitudes only.From the above observations, we propose an interpretation of the striations of the QPechoes as they are the traces of the quasi-point targets drift across the radar scattering volumewith constant velocity and altitude, that is to say it moves as a plane motion as displayed inFigure 4.We propose a mathematical model for obtaining the range rate of the echoes in threedimensionalplane. Suppose the coordinate of the target is P(x, y, z), horizontal velocitydx dy2 2 2U = ( , ,0) , R = x + y + z .dt dtWhere x = Rcosθsinϕ, y = Rcosθcosϕ, z = Rsinθ, θ and ϕ are elevation and azimuth anglesrespectively.Then we obtain the range rate18:20 18:22 18:24 18:26 18:28 18:30 18:32Time ( LT )dRdxdy= cos θ sinφ+ cosθcosφ. (4)dtdtdt96
Where dx/dt and dy/dt are the velocity projections of the target in the x and y planerespectively. The range of elevations and azimuths for the experiment lies between48 o o o≤ θ ≤ 53 , −15≤ φ ≤ 5 respectively, or in other words cosθ sinφ≤ 0. 18 and0.58≤ cosθcosφ≤ 0.67 . Figure 5 presents the correlation of the estimated range rates from theobservation and that of obtained from the model (4). The result shows very good agreementbetween observation and estimated values with the correlation coefficient near to 0.8.-15 Estimated cor=0.81-25-35-45-55Figure 4. Left plot display range time plot for astriation. Right plot is the counterpart of simplegeometry of quasi-point target’s plane motion at aconstant altitude with a fixed velocity.-65 -55 -45 -35 -25 -15ConclusionWe now summarize the three dimensional behaviors of the QP echoes revealed by theinterferometry observations. The echo patches were localized. These echoes drifting throughthe radar beam around 98 and 100 km altitudes. Although, there were four striations beingobserved by the radar at one time, but three-dimensional structures of the QP echoesdisplayed in different range gate as it is viewed in RTI plot revealed that they resided atapproximately constant altitude, and were shown at different region on the horizontal plane.So, the results suggest that the three dimensional behavior of the QP echoes frominterferometry data prefer to interpret as quasi-point target scatterers. Range rate estimationthrough the model also shows good agreement with observation.References:Farley, D.T., Ierkic, H.M., Fejer, B.G., Radar Interferometry: a new technique for studyingplasma turbulence in the ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res.,86, 1467-1472,1981.Hysell, D.L., and J.D. Burcham, The 30-MHz radar interferometer studies of midlatitude Eregion irregularities, J. Geophys. Res.,105, 12797-12812,2000.Larsen, M.F., A shear instability seeding mechanism for quasiperiodic radar echoes, J.Geophys. Res.,105, 24931-24940,2000.Tsunoda, R.T., S. Fukao, and M. Yamamoto, On the origin of qsasi-periodic radar backscatterfrom midlatitude sporadic E, Radio Sci., 29, 349-365,1994.Tsunoda, R.T., J.J. Buoncore, A. Saito, T. Kishimoto, S. Fukao, and M. Yamamoto, Firstobservations of quasiperiodic radar echoes from Standford, California, Geophys. Res.Lett., 26, 995-998,1999.Wang, C.Y. and Y.H. Chu, Interferometry investigations of blob-like sporadic E plasmairregularity using the Chung-Li VHF radar, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys.,63,123-133,2001.Woodman, R.T., M. Yamamoto, S. Fukao, Gravity wave modulation of gradient driftinstabilities in mid-latitude sporadic E irregularities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1197-1200,1991.Yamamoto, M.,S. Fukao, R.F. Woodman, T. Ogawa, T. Tsuda, and S. Kato, Midlatitude Eregion field-aligned irregularities observed with the MU radar, J. Geophys. Res.,96,15943-15949,1991.-65Figure 5. Correlation of the range rates usingobservation and model based estimation for tenstriations.97
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MST10Tenth InternationalWORKSHOPOn
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MST 10 Group PictureMay 15 th , 200
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TENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TEC
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Table of ContentsPREFACE ..........
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I.2.18 FURTHER OBSERVATIONS OF PMSE
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I.3.27 NEW MST RADAR METHODS FOR ME
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I.4.19 STUDY OF A MESOSCALE LAND-TO
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I.5.502 AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE
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PrefaceMST10The Tenth International
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and the local organizing committee,
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The operational aspects and recent
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To improve the understanding of dyn
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Improving MST radar resolution by u
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latitudes, arguing that the former
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Report on Session I.3 “Winds, Wav
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Turbulence.The session then moved i
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Report on Session I.4 “Meteorolog
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Multiple Antenna Profiling Radar (M
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Report on Session II “Novel Persp
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synchronized by GPS and connected v
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The highly positive response of the
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10th International Workshop on Tech
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10th International Workshop on Tech
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Session I.1: Radar scattering proce
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⎡7800 ∂q⎤(3)⎢ 15500q⎥M =
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2 compares profiles of ω B
Page 53 and 54: Figure 1: Data from the MST radar a
Page 55 and 56: Ri =shear2ωB22⎛ ∂u⎞ ⎛ ∂v
Page 57 and 58: Meridional (deg)1050−5−10Echo P
Page 59 and 60: Subarray Configuration, Capon Metho
Page 61 and 62: Fig. 2 PMSE plot (SOUSY Svalbard Ra
Page 63 and 64: VHF radar interferometry had shown
Page 65 and 66: turbulence. From Figures 1 and 2, i
Page 67 and 68: SummaryFrom the aspect sensitivity
Page 69 and 70: a specific range. In this work, syn
Page 71 and 72: P C(dB)(a) Echo Power60504030200.70
Page 73 and 74: most occidental area of South Ameri
Page 75 and 76: Quegan, 1992). It should be useful
Page 77 and 78: measurements, is shown in figure 1(
Page 79: The present observations thus empha
Page 82 and 83: RECENT OBSERVATIONS OF E REGION FIE
Page 84 and 85: measured spectra in order to separa
Page 86 and 87: drifts at E and F regions heights b
Page 88 and 89: • Are characterized by type II ec
Page 90 and 91: The main parameters that could be o
Page 92 and 93: THE ROLE OF UNSTABLE SPORADIC-E LAY
Page 94 and 95: (σ H / σ P )E y (where σ H and
Page 96: STUDY OF A LOW E-REGION QUASI-PERIO
Page 99 and 100: 100 m/syrFigure 4: Geometry of the
Page 101: Where the notations carry same mean
Page 105 and 106: non-negativity of the image is prio
Page 107 and 108: spectrum corresponding to the backs
Page 109 and 110: The Artigas and Machu-Picchu Statio
Page 111 and 112: Arguments against the second altern
Page 113 and 114: Extension of the Kolmogorov spectru
Page 115 and 116: volumeESRvolumeSSRSSR SSRESR ESRSSR
Page 117 and 118: individual particles in a statistic
Page 119 and 120: Anomalous spectraTalkner [4] studie
Page 121 and 122: To observe the E region FAI echoes,
Page 123 and 124: matter daytime or nighttime and are
Page 125 and 126: two sub-arrays, each sub-array made
Page 127 and 128: 4. SummaryHere we describe a radio
Page 129 and 130: Figure 1. E-region DPS4 spectra, ri
Page 131 and 132: effects. It is therefore plausible
Page 133 and 134: 1996 and high in 2002). The electri
Page 135 and 136: electric fields map along the geoma
Page 137 and 138: SNR condition is always difficult a
Page 139 and 140: Figure-4 Power spectrum plots of a
Page 141 and 142: As we show below, Jicamarca offers
Page 143 and 144: particularly during daytime counter
Page 145 and 146: where ˆδ nm = (δ l − δ m )
Page 147 and 148: PMSE is more easily interpreted as
Page 149 and 150: ResultsTemperature climatology• s
Page 151 and 152: Simultaneous PMSE and NLC observati
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ResultsSeasonal variationMSE are no
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Figure 2: MSE parameters as functio
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Session I.3: Winds, waves and turbu
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poor. It was shown that poor perfor
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The use of diffraction pattern simi
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F 13 (ξ x ′) = (1 − cos 2ψ N)
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Figure 3: (a) Baseline length depen
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3. ResultsFigure 1 shows the amplit
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variability.Figure 4 shows the aver
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Figure 1. Period-time amplitude wav
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the 12-h and 24-h periodicities in
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winds and variances at altitudes 70
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similar correlation with larger mag
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of the refraction index are not equ
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Fig. 8. Zonal wind (top) and temper
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STUDIES ON ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVE
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1100-1200 hours. From this plot 6.3
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STUDIES ON WINDS AND MOMENTUM FLUXE
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3.4 Monthly variation of momentum f
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DEEP PENETRATIVE CONVECTION AND GEN
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ly changes direction with time with
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189
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191
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193
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These two last relations are the on
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3.2.1 From v ′2 to ɛ kThe questi
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5.2 Frequency distributionsSeveral
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ReferencesAlisse J.-R. and C. Sidi.
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Röttger J. and C.H. Liu. Partial r
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Specular reflection is negligible f
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−0.5C n2 Distribution (PROUST & S
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the beamwidth, α is the zenith ang
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this latitude in late April). Surfa
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Fig. 1. Median (upper) winds and (l
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Fig.1. Lines of constant radial vel
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which have not yet been considered
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is calculated from the radiosonde t
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Figure 3: Time-altitude cross-secti
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Absorption of cosmic noise is cause
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Incoherent scatter spectracompared
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variations of spectral widths, refr
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Figure 1. Diurnal variation of Turb
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further experimental test of the ST
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waves can be observed more clearly
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winter and a minimum in summer near
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The main recently assumed mechanism
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Figure 2. Statistics of numbers of
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LIDAR OBSERVATIONS OF MIDDLE ATMOSP
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latitudinal dependence of the seaso
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APPLICATION OF THE DUAL-BEAMWIDTH M
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Figure 2: Mean zonal and meridional
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JLKLLK/ILIL6II/G/II/G/LEODFLK/LO/DD
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The monthly diurnal mean of horizon
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Session I.4: Meteorological Phenome
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Integration of the VHF wind profile
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Figure 1 : Map of the Lago Maggiore
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precipitating clouds, the cyclonic
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Eyewall(a)(b)(c)(d)Fig. 3: Radius-h
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as low as 0.55. The Piura 50-MHz ra
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place features in the profile with
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• Period 1 (June 1-10): SCCs exis
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Sumatera occurs by stratiform cloud
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very interesting to note the double
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20(a) Convective Region(b) Transiti
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Typhoon LekimaFig. 2 Typhoon Lekima
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Fig. 5 Passage of typhoon Hayan on
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the 50 cm 2 sensor head, enabling t
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22 June 2000 23:22:23 - 23:24:20 at
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the time-height section of a convec
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Thurai, M., T.Iguchi,T. Kozu, J.D.E
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There are two main mechanisms which
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Horel, J.D. and Cornejo-Garrido, A.
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estimating two independent and redu
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RASS THETA (K) RASS v-component (m/
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Surface winds usually range from 10
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weak (maximum of 5 m s -1 ) and the
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The vertical component from the VTB
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Figure 8 shows the profile of virtu
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2 3D ( , ) ( ) ( ) ˆ ( ) ˆp∆ xm
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presented in Praskovsky et al. (200
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In Fig. 2 a sketch of a mountain le
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In Fig. 8 the lamina is aligned on
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Figure 1: composite day (13 days) o
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virtual sensible heat fluxes ( Wm-2
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3. Characteristics of precipitation
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Fig. 3: Horizontal distribution of
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3. Results and discussionUHF profil
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Figure 4. Monthly variation of slop
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system with two receiving antennae,
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cycle of precipitation. Figure 3(a)
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Histogram of Zonal Velocityh=5.13 K
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5. Summary of results and concludin
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the two nearby major cities, Chenna
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Boundary layer height, km32.521.5(a
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Figure 1:Data from the MST radar at
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spectral processing. In this partic
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3. Results and discussionIn the pre
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4. SummaryAn attempt has been made
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The purpose of this study is to exa
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Figure1. Three-day average of momen
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3. The improved method to estimate
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But in case of period until 1800 UT
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Session I.5: Operational Aspects an
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The profilers of WINDAS weredesigne
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NOAA, 1994 : Wind profiler assessme
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FIRST RESULTS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER
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Figure 3. Pulse Design Diagram to s
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MOVEABLE UHF/S-BAND PROFILER/DISDRO
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one-minute Z values determined from
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TOWARD A MULTISENSOR GROUND BASED R
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3. Cloud Evolution Case StudyOn the
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DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL RECEIVER F
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Experiment 1 Experiment 2IPP 999Km
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ELECTRONIC DIGITAL BEAMFORMING IMPL
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The main element of the unit (figur
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.ON-LINE ADAPTIVE DC-GROUND-CLUTTER
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esulting in a widening of the bandw
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ON THE RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF COCO
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Table 2: Experiment #1 results, Tra
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A NEW NARROW BEAM MF RADAR AT 3 MHZ
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Off-zenith beams towards N, S, E, W
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95ALWIN VHF radar: signal powerdB80
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ANTENNA BEAM VERIFICATION USING COS
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Figure 2: A 45 MHz reference sky te
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AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE UHF STR
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is at 4.7 km, but in the first 4-ga
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QUALITY CONTROL FOR DOPPLER WIND PR
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The resulting moments are subjected
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SOUSY RADAR AT JICAMARCA: SYSTEM DE
Page 411 and 412:
NEControl andcomputer roomCompCoute
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THE EQUATORIAL ATMOSPHERE RADAR:SYS
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Table 1: Specifications of the EAR
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VHF ATMOSPHERIC AND METEOR RADAR IN
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ased upon a geotechnical engineerin
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VORTICAL MOTIONS OBSERVED WITH THE
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interpolation from the original gri
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A NEW MINIRADAR TO INVESTIGATE URBA
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e eliminated to analyze correctly t
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Session PWG 1: System Calibrations
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Session PWG 2: Data Analysis, Valid
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• the time series vectors x(k) of
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Fig. 4: reflectivity of the hydrome
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Session PWG 3: Accuracies and Requi
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Session PWG 4: International Collab
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Session II.E: NOVEL PERSPECTIVES AN
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2 Proposed AlgorithmReceived signal
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N#4E-1-16E1A1#1#2A-1-1C1#3C-1-19Fig
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of conventional DCMP, with which th
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applying the directional constraint
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while for a beam of finite width, t
Page 453 and 454:
In order to make the process more q
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WHAT IS TURBULENCE SEEN BY VHF RADA
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Enhanced resolution applyingpulse s
Page 459 and 460:
Beckmann, Spizichino, 1964Fig. 8 Po
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Fig. 11 Plots of temporal variation
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Fig. 14 Distributions of phase cent
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Hocking, W.K., Radar studies of sma
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THE STRUCTURE FUNCTION-BASED APPROA
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{ Ui( t), Vi( t), Wi( t)} = { Ui ,
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161). Assumption 2H: the instantane
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Only the second order SF are consid
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fluctuations umk( t ) along the bas
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VHF PARASITIC RADAR INTERFEROMETRYF
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• All the costs of transmitter pr
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Figure 2: Example of range-azimuth
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Target Altitude, km1009080706050403
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ReferencesGriffiths, H. D., A. J. G
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Participants ListAvery, James P.Uni
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Hysell, David L.EAS/Cornell Univers
Page 491 and 492:
Silva, Robert R.ATRADAustraliarsilv
Page 493 and 494:
AAdachi, A. .......................
Page 495:
TTabary, P. .......................
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