Proceedings with Extended Abstracts (single PDF file) - Radio ...

Beckmann, Spizichino, 1964Fig. 8 Polar diagrams of forward scatter from refractive index surfaces ofdifferent roughness (a) very smooth surface to (d) very rough surface. FromBeckmann and Spizzichino (1964).The models of Beckmann and Spizzichino show the two extremes, namely specular-typereflection and diffuse scattering from a very rough surface. They did their models for obliqueincidence, which we immediately can revert into partial (specular-type) reflection at verticalincidence and monostatic backscatter as well, which determines the signals detected by VHFMST radars. Experience over the past two decades directs us to interpret our observations notin terms of pure backscatter from isotropic homogeneous turbulent refractive index variations,described by a Gaussian process, as is the condition for determining the turbulence refractiveindex structure constant C n 2 , as adequately developed by Ottersten (1969). The following newtype of radar observations and data representation should manifest this presumption.This method bases on the combination of spatial-domain-interferometry(SDI) and frequency-domain-interferometry(FDI), as itwas applied by Röttger (2000) for studyingthe three-dimensional motions of scatteringlocations on lightning channels. These are regardedas small-extent localized radar targets.The standard range gating allows only thelocalization within (the beam width and) therange gate r 0 ± r / 2 (see Fig.9). Additionalspatial-domain-interferometry allows thedetermination of position x 0 * in the horizontalplane, and a simultaneous frequency-domaininterferometryallows to position z 0 * withinthe range gate (with unknown initial position).Tracking of the target area as function of timeis possible by combining :Fig. 9 Geometry of positions determinedby the SDI and FDI technique.x 1 * = x 0 * + ∆x (from SDI)z 1 * = z 0 * + ∆z (from FDI).This can be extended into the y-plane as well.453