Proceedings with Extended Abstracts (single PDF file) - Radio ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

than the SA-produced σ w; the latter values are unaffected by the beam broadening. TheSTARS-measured standard deviations σ u, σv, and the horizontal momentum flux uv arealso presented in Fig. 2; these characteristics cannot be measured by other SA techniques.The STARS results show strong anisotropy of turbulence at all studied heights. One shouldnote that, independent of a specific measurement technique, caution is needed in theinterpretation of the radar-produced characteristics of turbulence; e.g., Briggs (1980),Hocking et al. (1989), Doviak et al. (1996), Praskovsky and Praskovskaya (2003a, b).Good agreement between STARS and HAD in measuring the mean winds and intensity ofthe vertical turbulent velocity seems to be expected because the considered SA techniques arerelated to each other. Let us consider the standard complex signals from two receivers E1(t)and E2( t)where t is time. The second order cross CF and SF, respectively, can be defined inthe standard way as follows (Tatarskii, 1971, chap. 1A):* *22C12( τ) = E1 () tE2 ( t+ τ) E1 () tE1() t , D12( τ) = [ S1() t − S2( t+ τ) ] ⎡⎣ S1() t − S1()t ⎤⎦Here S ( t)= E(t)E * ( t)is the instantaneous signal power, τ is the temporal separation, thebrackets denote the ensemble averages, and the superscript * denotes the complexconjugation. The auto CF and SF are particular cases of the cross functions at E1(t)= E2( t).2As shown in Praskovsky et al. (2003), D12 ( τ ) = 2 − 2 C12( τ ) . However, the CF and SFbasedSA techniques are conceptually different in spite of being formally related to eachother for a particular case of the second order functions.CF can be applied to globally statistically stationary random processes while only localstationarity is sufficient for applying SF. Physical processes in the atmosphere are almostnever globally statistically stationary while practically any process can be safely consideredas locally stationary; e.g., Tatarskii (1971, chap. 1A). Only τ → 0 is considered in STARS;the small parameter always simplifies a physical task. In particular, STARS requires asmaller number of less restrictive assumptions for deriving operational equations for σu, σv,σw, and uv than HAD needs for the only characteristic σw.154The major difference between CF and SF-based SA techniques is in the physical conceptunderlying the techniques. As a mathematical tool, the cross-CF describes the similaritybetween signals from two receivers E1(t)and E2( t + τ ) at all temporal separations− ∞ < τ < ∞ . The physical concept underlying all CF-based techniques is the tracking of thediffraction pattern and its changes, hence the tracking of a scattering medium and its changesin the illuminated volume. The cross-SF as a mathematical tool describes the differencebetween the signals S1(t)and S2 ( t + τ ) at very smallτ→ 0 ; the SF-based techniques areintrinsically differential. The physical concept underlying the techniques is the evaluation ofthe rates of spatial and temporal changes in the diffraction pattern, hence evaluation of therates of spatial and temporal changes in a scattering medium in the illuminated volume. Theoptimal spatial and temporal increments for CF methods are therefore much larger than thosesuitable for SF methods, which might lead to the preferential use of one or other method for agiven observed diffraction pattern. Due to this difference, the SF-based methods are morestrongly affected by noise with small temporal scales than the CF-based techniques, whilenoise with a large temporal scale, such as ground clutter, affects CF more strongly than SF.The difference also leads to slightly smaller values of σ wproduced by STARS than thoseproduced by HAD.
The use of diffraction pattern similarity in CF methods compared to that of rate of temporaland spatial change by SF methods means that only intensity of vertical turbulent velocity σwcan be measured with CF-based techniques unless rather restrictive additional assumptionsare employed; e.g., Briggs (1980), Hocking et al. (1989), Doviak et al. (1996). SF-basedtechniques potentially allow the measurement of characteristics of horizontal turbulentvelocity components separately such as σ u, σv, uv , and others (Praskovsky andPraskovskaya, 2003a, b).Therefore, CF and SF-based SA techniques do not compete but rather complement eachother. The UCAR-STARS method could become a useful alternative to the traditional CF andspectra-based data analysis techniques for SA radars.Acknowledgements. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The first author(AP) was sponsored by the NCAR/RAP Director's fund, and the second author (EP) was sponsored byNSF Grant ATM-0122877. The MU radar belongs to and is operated by the Radio Science Center forSpace and Atmosphere (RASC) of Kyoto University. AP and EP were supported by RASC as avisiting professor and a visiting scientist, respectively, during the major part of this research. AP wassupported by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (Trieste, Italy) as a visiting professorduring part of his work on this paper.REFERENCESBriggs, B. H., Radar observations of atmospheric winds and turbulence: a comparison oftechniques, J. Atmos. And Terr. Phys., 42, 823-833, 1980.Briggs, B. H., The analysis of spaced sensor records by correlation techniques, MAPHandbook, 13, 166-186, 1984.Briggs, B. H., and R. A. Vincent, Spaced-antenna analysis in the frequency domain, RadioSci., 27, 117-129, 1992.Doviak, R. J., R. J. Lataitis, and C. L. Holloway, Cross correlations and cross spectra forspaced antenna wind profilers, 1, Theoretical analysis, Radio Sci., 31, 157-180, 1996.Fukao, S., T. Sato, T. Tsuda, S. Kato, K. Wakasugi, and T. Makihira, The MU radar with anactive phased array, 1, Antenna and power amplifiers, Radio Sci., 20, 1155-1168, 1985a.Fukao, S., T. Sato, T. Tsuda, S. Kato, K. Wakasugi, and T. Makihira, The MU radar with anactive phased array, 2, In-house equipment, Radio Sci., 20, 1169-1176, 1985b.Hocking, W. K., P. May, and J. Röttger, Interpretation, reliability, and accuracies ofparameters deduced by the spaced antenna method in middle atmosphere applications,PAGEOPH, 30, 571-604, 1989.Holloway, C. L., R. J. Doviak, S. A. Cohn, R. J. Lataitis, and J. S. Van Baelen, Crosscorrelations and cross spectra for spaced antenna wind profilers, 2, Algorithms to estimatewind and turbulence, Radio Sci., 32, 967-982, 1997.Praskovsky, A. A., and E. A. Praskovskaya, Structure-function-based approach to analyzingreceived signals for spaced antenna radars, Radio Sci., 38(4), 7-1 - 7-25, 2003a.Praskovsky, A. A., and E. A. Praskovskaya, Towards the advanced measurements ofatmospheric turbulence by spaced antenna radars, this volume, 2003b.Praskovsky, A. A., E. A. Praskovskaya, G. Hassenpflug, M. Yamamoto, and S. Fukao, Windand turbulence measurements by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere radar: comparison oftechniques, Submitted to Ann. Geophys., MST-10 Special issue, 2003.Tatarskii, V. I., The Effects of the Turbulent Atmosphere on Wave Propagation, UDC551.510, U.S. Dep. of Commerce, Washington, D.C., 1971.155
Page 1 and 2:
MST10Tenth InternationalWORKSHOPOn
Page 3 and 4:
MST 10 Group PictureMay 15 th , 200
Page 5 and 6:
TENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TEC
Page 7 and 8:
Table of ContentsPREFACE ..........
Page 9 and 10:
I.2.18 FURTHER OBSERVATIONS OF PMSE
Page 11 and 12:
I.3.27 NEW MST RADAR METHODS FOR ME
Page 13 and 14:
I.4.19 STUDY OF A MESOSCALE LAND-TO
Page 15 and 16:
I.5.502 AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE
Page 17 and 18:
PrefaceMST10The Tenth International
Page 19 and 20:
and the local organizing committee,
Page 21 and 22:
The operational aspects and recent
Page 23 and 24:
To improve the understanding of dyn
Page 25 and 26:
Improving MST radar resolution by u
Page 27 and 28:
latitudes, arguing that the former
Page 29 and 30:
Report on Session I.3 “Winds, Wav
Page 31 and 32:
Turbulence.The session then moved i
Page 33 and 34:
Report on Session I.4 “Meteorolog
Page 35 and 36:
Multiple Antenna Profiling Radar (M
Page 37 and 38:
Report on Session II “Novel Persp
Page 39 and 40:
synchronized by GPS and connected v
Page 41 and 42:
The highly positive response of the
Page 43 and 44:
10th International Workshop on Tech
Page 45 and 46:
10th International Workshop on Tech
Page 47 and 48:
Session I.1: Radar scattering proce
Page 49 and 50:
⎡7800 ∂q⎤(3)⎢ 15500q⎥M =
Page 51 and 52:
Figure 2 compares profiles of ω B
Page 53 and 54:
Figure 1: Data from the MST radar a
Page 55 and 56:
Ri =shear2ωB22⎛ ∂u⎞ ⎛ ∂v
Page 57 and 58:
Meridional (deg)1050−5−10Echo P
Page 59 and 60:
Subarray Configuration, Capon Metho
Page 61 and 62:
Fig. 2 PMSE plot (SOUSY Svalbard Ra
Page 63 and 64:
VHF radar interferometry had shown
Page 65 and 66:
turbulence. From Figures 1 and 2, i
Page 67 and 68:
SummaryFrom the aspect sensitivity
Page 69 and 70:
a specific range. In this work, syn
Page 71 and 72:
P C(dB)(a) Echo Power60504030200.70
Page 73 and 74:
most occidental area of South Ameri
Page 75 and 76:
Quegan, 1992). It should be useful
Page 77 and 78:
measurements, is shown in figure 1(
Page 79:
The present observations thus empha
Page 82 and 83:
RECENT OBSERVATIONS OF E REGION FIE
Page 84 and 85:
measured spectra in order to separa
Page 86 and 87:
drifts at E and F regions heights b
Page 88 and 89:
• Are characterized by type II ec
Page 90 and 91:
The main parameters that could be o
Page 92 and 93:
THE ROLE OF UNSTABLE SPORADIC-E LAY
Page 94 and 95:
(σ H / σ P )E y (where σ H and
Page 96:
STUDY OF A LOW E-REGION QUASI-PERIO
Page 99 and 100:
100 m/syrFigure 4: Geometry of the
Page 101 and 102:
Where the notations carry same mean
Page 103 and 104:
Where dx/dt and dy/dt are the veloc
Page 105 and 106:
non-negativity of the image is prio
Page 107 and 108:
spectrum corresponding to the backs
Page 109 and 110: The Artigas and Machu-Picchu Statio
Page 111 and 112: Arguments against the second altern
Page 113 and 114: Extension of the Kolmogorov spectru
Page 115 and 116: volumeESRvolumeSSRSSR SSRESR ESRSSR
Page 117 and 118: individual particles in a statistic
Page 119 and 120: Anomalous spectraTalkner [4] studie
Page 121 and 122: To observe the E region FAI echoes,
Page 123 and 124: matter daytime or nighttime and are
Page 125 and 126: two sub-arrays, each sub-array made
Page 127 and 128: 4. SummaryHere we describe a radio
Page 129 and 130: Figure 1. E-region DPS4 spectra, ri
Page 131 and 132: effects. It is therefore plausible
Page 133 and 134: 1996 and high in 2002). The electri
Page 135 and 136: electric fields map along the geoma
Page 137 and 138: SNR condition is always difficult a
Page 139 and 140: Figure-4 Power spectrum plots of a
Page 141 and 142: As we show below, Jicamarca offers
Page 143 and 144: particularly during daytime counter
Page 145 and 146: where ˆδ nm = (δ l − δ m )
Page 147 and 148: PMSE is more easily interpreted as
Page 149 and 150: ResultsTemperature climatology• s
Page 151 and 152: Simultaneous PMSE and NLC observati
Page 153 and 154: ResultsSeasonal variationMSE are no
Page 155 and 156: Figure 2: MSE parameters as functio
Page 157 and 158: Session I.3: Winds, waves and turbu
Page 159: poor. It was shown that poor perfor
Page 163 and 164: F 13 (ξ x ′) = (1 − cos 2ψ N)
Page 165 and 166: Figure 3: (a) Baseline length depen
Page 167 and 168: 3. ResultsFigure 1 shows the amplit
Page 169 and 170: variability.Figure 4 shows the aver
Page 171 and 172: Figure 1. Period-time amplitude wav
Page 173 and 174: the 12-h and 24-h periodicities in
Page 175 and 176: winds and variances at altitudes 70
Page 177 and 178: similar correlation with larger mag
Page 179 and 180: of the refraction index are not equ
Page 181 and 182: Fig. 8. Zonal wind (top) and temper
Page 183 and 184: STUDIES ON ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVE
Page 185 and 186: 1100-1200 hours. From this plot 6.3
Page 187 and 188: STUDIES ON WINDS AND MOMENTUM FLUXE
Page 189 and 190: 3.4 Monthly variation of momentum f
Page 191 and 192: DEEP PENETRATIVE CONVECTION AND GEN
Page 193 and 194: ly changes direction with time with
Page 195 and 196: 189
Page 197 and 198: 191
Page 199 and 200: 193
Page 201 and 202: These two last relations are the on
Page 203 and 204: 3.2.1 From v ′2 to ɛ kThe questi
Page 205 and 206: 5.2 Frequency distributionsSeveral
Page 207 and 208: ReferencesAlisse J.-R. and C. Sidi.
Page 209 and 210: Röttger J. and C.H. Liu. Partial r
Page 211 and 212:
Specular reflection is negligible f
Page 213 and 214:
−0.5C n2 Distribution (PROUST & S
Page 215 and 216:
the beamwidth, α is the zenith ang
Page 217 and 218:
this latitude in late April). Surfa
Page 219 and 220:
Fig. 1. Median (upper) winds and (l
Page 221 and 222:
Fig.1. Lines of constant radial vel
Page 223 and 224:
which have not yet been considered
Page 225 and 226:
is calculated from the radiosonde t
Page 227 and 228:
Figure 3: Time-altitude cross-secti
Page 229 and 230:
Absorption of cosmic noise is cause
Page 231 and 232:
Incoherent scatter spectracompared
Page 233 and 234:
variations of spectral widths, refr
Page 235 and 236:
Figure 1. Diurnal variation of Turb
Page 237 and 238:
further experimental test of the ST
Page 239 and 240:
waves can be observed more clearly
Page 241 and 242:
winter and a minimum in summer near
Page 243 and 244:
The main recently assumed mechanism
Page 245 and 246:
Figure 2. Statistics of numbers of
Page 247 and 248:
LIDAR OBSERVATIONS OF MIDDLE ATMOSP
Page 249 and 250:
latitudinal dependence of the seaso
Page 251 and 252:
APPLICATION OF THE DUAL-BEAMWIDTH M
Page 253 and 254:
Figure 2: Mean zonal and meridional
Page 255 and 256:
JLKLLK/ILIL6II/G/II/G/LEODFLK/LO/DD
Page 257 and 258:
The monthly diurnal mean of horizon
Page 259 and 260:
Session I.4: Meteorological Phenome
Page 261 and 262:
Integration of the VHF wind profile
Page 263 and 264:
Figure 1 : Map of the Lago Maggiore
Page 265 and 266:
precipitating clouds, the cyclonic
Page 267 and 268:
Eyewall(a)(b)(c)(d)Fig. 3: Radius-h
Page 269 and 270:
as low as 0.55. The Piura 50-MHz ra
Page 271 and 272:
place features in the profile with
Page 273 and 274:
• Period 1 (June 1-10): SCCs exis
Page 275 and 276:
Sumatera occurs by stratiform cloud
Page 277 and 278:
very interesting to note the double
Page 279 and 280:
20(a) Convective Region(b) Transiti
Page 281 and 282:
Typhoon LekimaFig. 2 Typhoon Lekima
Page 283 and 284:
Fig. 5 Passage of typhoon Hayan on
Page 285 and 286:
the 50 cm 2 sensor head, enabling t
Page 287 and 288:
22 June 2000 23:22:23 - 23:24:20 at
Page 289 and 290:
the time-height section of a convec
Page 291 and 292:
Thurai, M., T.Iguchi,T. Kozu, J.D.E
Page 293 and 294:
There are two main mechanisms which
Page 295 and 296:
Horel, J.D. and Cornejo-Garrido, A.
Page 297 and 298:
estimating two independent and redu
Page 299 and 300:
RASS THETA (K) RASS v-component (m/
Page 301 and 302:
Surface winds usually range from 10
Page 303 and 304:
weak (maximum of 5 m s -1 ) and the
Page 305 and 306:
The vertical component from the VTB
Page 307 and 308:
Figure 8 shows the profile of virtu
Page 309 and 310:
2 3D ( , ) ( ) ( ) ˆ ( ) ˆp∆ xm
Page 311 and 312:
presented in Praskovsky et al. (200
Page 313 and 314:
In Fig. 2 a sketch of a mountain le
Page 315 and 316:
In Fig. 8 the lamina is aligned on
Page 317 and 318:
Figure 1: composite day (13 days) o
Page 319 and 320:
virtual sensible heat fluxes ( Wm-2
Page 321 and 322:
3. Characteristics of precipitation
Page 323 and 324:
Fig. 3: Horizontal distribution of
Page 325 and 326:
3. Results and discussionUHF profil
Page 327 and 328:
Figure 4. Monthly variation of slop
Page 329 and 330:
system with two receiving antennae,
Page 331 and 332:
cycle of precipitation. Figure 3(a)
Page 333 and 334:
Histogram of Zonal Velocityh=5.13 K
Page 335 and 336:
5. Summary of results and concludin
Page 337 and 338:
the two nearby major cities, Chenna
Page 339 and 340:
Boundary layer height, km32.521.5(a
Page 341 and 342:
Figure 1:Data from the MST radar at
Page 343 and 344:
spectral processing. In this partic
Page 345 and 346:
3. Results and discussionIn the pre
Page 347 and 348:
4. SummaryAn attempt has been made
Page 349 and 350:
The purpose of this study is to exa
Page 351 and 352:
Figure1. Three-day average of momen
Page 353 and 354:
3. The improved method to estimate
Page 355 and 356:
But in case of period until 1800 UT
Page 357 and 358:
Session I.5: Operational Aspects an
Page 359 and 360:
The profilers of WINDAS weredesigne
Page 361 and 362:
NOAA, 1994 : Wind profiler assessme
Page 363 and 364:
FIRST RESULTS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER
Page 365 and 366:
Figure 3. Pulse Design Diagram to s
Page 367 and 368:
MOVEABLE UHF/S-BAND PROFILER/DISDRO
Page 369 and 370:
one-minute Z values determined from
Page 371 and 372:
TOWARD A MULTISENSOR GROUND BASED R
Page 373 and 374:
3. Cloud Evolution Case StudyOn the
Page 375 and 376:
DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL RECEIVER F
Page 377 and 378:
Experiment 1 Experiment 2IPP 999Km
Page 379 and 380:
ELECTRONIC DIGITAL BEAMFORMING IMPL
Page 381 and 382:
The main element of the unit (figur
Page 383 and 384:
.ON-LINE ADAPTIVE DC-GROUND-CLUTTER
Page 385 and 386:
esulting in a widening of the bandw
Page 387 and 388:
ON THE RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF COCO
Page 389 and 390:
Table 2: Experiment #1 results, Tra
Page 391 and 392:
A NEW NARROW BEAM MF RADAR AT 3 MHZ
Page 393 and 394:
Off-zenith beams towards N, S, E, W
Page 395 and 396:
95ALWIN VHF radar: signal powerdB80
Page 397 and 398:
ANTENNA BEAM VERIFICATION USING COS
Page 399 and 400:
Figure 2: A 45 MHz reference sky te
Page 401 and 402:
AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE UHF STR
Page 403 and 404:
is at 4.7 km, but in the first 4-ga
Page 405 and 406:
QUALITY CONTROL FOR DOPPLER WIND PR
Page 407 and 408:
The resulting moments are subjected
Page 409 and 410:
SOUSY RADAR AT JICAMARCA: SYSTEM DE
Page 411 and 412:
NEControl andcomputer roomCompCoute
Page 413 and 414:
THE EQUATORIAL ATMOSPHERE RADAR:SYS
Page 415 and 416:
Table 1: Specifications of the EAR
Page 417 and 418:
VHF ATMOSPHERIC AND METEOR RADAR IN
Page 419 and 420:
ased upon a geotechnical engineerin
Page 421 and 422:
VORTICAL MOTIONS OBSERVED WITH THE
Page 423 and 424:
interpolation from the original gri
Page 425 and 426:
A NEW MINIRADAR TO INVESTIGATE URBA
Page 427 and 428:
e eliminated to analyze correctly t
Page 429 and 430:
Session PWG 1: System Calibrations
Page 431 and 432:
Session PWG 2: Data Analysis, Valid
Page 433 and 434:
• the time series vectors x(k) of
Page 435 and 436:
Fig. 4: reflectivity of the hydrome
Page 437 and 438:
Session PWG 3: Accuracies and Requi
Page 439 and 440:
Session PWG 4: International Collab
Page 441 and 442:
Session II.E: NOVEL PERSPECTIVES AN
Page 443 and 444:
2 Proposed AlgorithmReceived signal
Page 445 and 446:
N#4E-1-16E1A1#1#2A-1-1C1#3C-1-19Fig
Page 447 and 448:
of conventional DCMP, with which th
Page 449 and 450:
applying the directional constraint
Page 451 and 452:
while for a beam of finite width, t
Page 453 and 454:
In order to make the process more q
Page 455 and 456:
WHAT IS TURBULENCE SEEN BY VHF RADA
Page 457 and 458:
Enhanced resolution applyingpulse s
Page 459 and 460:
Beckmann, Spizichino, 1964Fig. 8 Po
Page 461 and 462:
Fig. 11 Plots of temporal variation
Page 463 and 464:
Fig. 14 Distributions of phase cent
Page 465 and 466:
Hocking, W.K., Radar studies of sma
Page 467 and 468:
THE STRUCTURE FUNCTION-BASED APPROA
Page 469 and 470:
{ Ui( t), Vi( t), Wi( t)} = { Ui ,
Page 471 and 472:
161). Assumption 2H: the instantane
Page 473 and 474:
Only the second order SF are consid
Page 475 and 476:
fluctuations umk( t ) along the bas
Page 477 and 478:
VHF PARASITIC RADAR INTERFEROMETRYF
Page 479 and 480:
• All the costs of transmitter pr
Page 481 and 482:
Figure 2: Example of range-azimuth
Page 483 and 484:
Target Altitude, km1009080706050403
Page 485 and 486:
ReferencesGriffiths, H. D., A. J. G
Page 487 and 488:
Participants ListAvery, James P.Uni
Page 489 and 490:
Hysell, David L.EAS/Cornell Univers
Page 491 and 492:
Silva, Robert R.ATRADAustraliarsilv
Page 493 and 494:
AAdachi, A. .......................
Page 495:
TTabary, P. .......................
show all

Proceedings with Extended Abstracts (single PDF file) - Radio ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?