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Figure 1. Wind vector diagram for the monthly horizontal wind speed trends for the years 1998-2000.August'994.84.2Monthly mean diurnal feature of Horizontal windsVh (m/s)20HEIGHT (km)3.63.02.41.815101.250.60July'994.84.220HEIGHT (km)3.63.02.41.81.215105June'99HEIGHT (km)0.64.84.23.63.02.41.81.2020151050.600 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223TIME (IST)Figure 2. Mean monthly diurnal features of Horizontal wind contours.Figure 3. All days Monthly Horizontal wind vector diagram for the year 1999.250
The monthly diurnal mean of horizontal wind speeds for the months of June-August isshown as a contour map in figure 2. It can be seen from figure 2 that, in July 1999, the meanwind speeds are high and are in the range of ~ 20 ms -1 . Moreover, the jet appears from 2100– 1000 (LT) around 1.6 ± 0.5 km. During LLJ times, the wind direction is westerly (can beseen from figure 1). LLJ features seem to be diluted in between 1000 and 2200 (LT) and thewind speeds are below 15 ms -1 at these times. In the months of June and August LLJ windspeeds are in the range of ~ 10-15 ms -1 . The mean strong LLJ feature observed in the monthof July is seen to be much more significant than June and August. More or less the samefeatures are observed in 1998 and 2000 as well.The three-year hourly averaged wind observations on fair-weather days show thathorizontal winds are normally below 6-8 ms -1 in the height range of 0.6 – 4.0 km. At LLJtimes, the maximum wind speed (jet streak) is observed to range from 12 to 30 ms -1 . Thesemagnitudes are comparable <strong>with</strong> Great Plains LLJ observations (Yihua Wu and SethuRaman, 1998). The LLJ features have observed to be significantly stronger in the monsoontimes, especially during the months of June-July. Moreover, during the boreal summer(South-West) monsoon time LLJ intensities are stronger and persist for much longer time incomparison to winter (North-East) monsoon. This can be seen from the figure 3, which is anarrow diagrammatic picture of horizontal wind speeds for each day for the months from Mayto September 1999. From figure 3, it is clear that the LLJ core seems to appear around 1.5km. The arrowhead indicated towards east, which confirms that the LLJ direction is mostlywesterly during summer monsoon times. In every year, LLJ seems to be stronger andprominent in the Southwest monsoon time over Gadanki, especially in the months of June–August. This can be observed from figure 3.24 July 1999 02 August 19990000 hrs 2359 hrsFigure4. Range Time section of Horizontal winds from 24 July – 02 August 1999. Every tick mark onabscissa corresponds to 12 hours.From figures 2 & 3 it can be understood that the LLJ features are stronger in themonth of July. Three years of wind data are also revel that frequent strong LLJ has beenobserved during day and night continuously for a few days mostly in July. On such occasionsGadanki LLJ seems to be as similar as East-African (Somalia) jet, which lasts day and nightfor many days (Stull, 1990). So a case study has taken up to understand the wave andturbulence features during the strong LLJ times. For this case study particularly July 1999 ischosen because of availability of simultaneous radiosonde observations at NMRF, Gadanki.Such a typical example can be seen on July 1999 from figure 4. Figure 4 shows the range251
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MST10Tenth InternationalWORKSHOPOn
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MST 10 Group PictureMay 15 th , 200
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TENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TEC
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Table of ContentsPREFACE ..........
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I.2.18 FURTHER OBSERVATIONS OF PMSE
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I.3.27 NEW MST RADAR METHODS FOR ME
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I.4.19 STUDY OF A MESOSCALE LAND-TO
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I.5.502 AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE
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PrefaceMST10The Tenth International
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and the local organizing committee,
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The operational aspects and recent
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To improve the understanding of dyn
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Improving MST radar resolution by u
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latitudes, arguing that the former
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Report on Session I.3 “Winds, Wav
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Turbulence.The session then moved i
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Report on Session I.4 “Meteorolog
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Multiple Antenna Profiling Radar (M
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Report on Session II “Novel Persp
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synchronized by GPS and connected v
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The highly positive response of the
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10th International Workshop on Tech
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10th International Workshop on Tech
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Session I.1: Radar scattering proce
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⎡7800 ∂q⎤(3)⎢ 15500q⎥M =
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Figure 2 compares profiles of ω B
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Figure 1: Data from the MST radar a
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Ri =shear2ωB22⎛ ∂u⎞ ⎛ ∂v
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Meridional (deg)1050−5−10Echo P
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Subarray Configuration, Capon Metho
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Fig. 2 PMSE plot (SOUSY Svalbard Ra
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VHF radar interferometry had shown
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turbulence. From Figures 1 and 2, i
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SummaryFrom the aspect sensitivity
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a specific range. In this work, syn
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P C(dB)(a) Echo Power60504030200.70
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most occidental area of South Ameri
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Quegan, 1992). It should be useful
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measurements, is shown in figure 1(
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The present observations thus empha
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RECENT OBSERVATIONS OF E REGION FIE
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measured spectra in order to separa
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drifts at E and F regions heights b
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• Are characterized by type II ec
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The main parameters that could be o
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THE ROLE OF UNSTABLE SPORADIC-E LAY
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(σ H / σ P )E y (where σ H and
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STUDY OF A LOW E-REGION QUASI-PERIO
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100 m/syrFigure 4: Geometry of the
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Where the notations carry same mean
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Where dx/dt and dy/dt are the veloc
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non-negativity of the image is prio
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spectrum corresponding to the backs
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The Artigas and Machu-Picchu Statio
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Arguments against the second altern
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Extension of the Kolmogorov spectru
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volumeESRvolumeSSRSSR SSRESR ESRSSR
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individual particles in a statistic
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Anomalous spectraTalkner [4] studie
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To observe the E region FAI echoes,
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matter daytime or nighttime and are
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two sub-arrays, each sub-array made
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4. SummaryHere we describe a radio
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Figure 1. E-region DPS4 spectra, ri
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effects. It is therefore plausible
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1996 and high in 2002). The electri
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electric fields map along the geoma
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SNR condition is always difficult a
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Figure-4 Power spectrum plots of a
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As we show below, Jicamarca offers
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particularly during daytime counter
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where ˆδ nm = (δ l − δ m )
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PMSE is more easily interpreted as
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ResultsTemperature climatology• s
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Simultaneous PMSE and NLC observati
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ResultsSeasonal variationMSE are no
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Figure 2: MSE parameters as functio
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Session I.3: Winds, waves and turbu
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poor. It was shown that poor perfor
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The use of diffraction pattern simi
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F 13 (ξ x ′) = (1 − cos 2ψ N)
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Figure 3: (a) Baseline length depen
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3. ResultsFigure 1 shows the amplit
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variability.Figure 4 shows the aver
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Figure 1. Period-time amplitude wav
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the 12-h and 24-h periodicities in
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winds and variances at altitudes 70
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similar correlation with larger mag
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of the refraction index are not equ
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Fig. 8. Zonal wind (top) and temper
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STUDIES ON ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVE
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1100-1200 hours. From this plot 6.3
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STUDIES ON WINDS AND MOMENTUM FLUXE
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3.4 Monthly variation of momentum f
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DEEP PENETRATIVE CONVECTION AND GEN
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ly changes direction with time with
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189
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191
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193
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These two last relations are the on
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3.2.1 From v ′2 to ɛ kThe questi
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Page 207 and 208: ReferencesAlisse J.-R. and C. Sidi.
Page 209 and 210: Röttger J. and C.H. Liu. Partial r
Page 211 and 212: Specular reflection is negligible f
Page 213 and 214: −0.5C n2 Distribution (PROUST & S
Page 215 and 216: the beamwidth, α is the zenith ang
Page 217 and 218: this latitude in late April). Surfa
Page 219 and 220: Fig. 1. Median (upper) winds and (l
Page 221 and 222: Fig.1. Lines of constant radial vel
Page 223 and 224: which have not yet been considered
Page 225 and 226: is calculated from the radiosonde t
Page 227 and 228: Figure 3: Time-altitude cross-secti
Page 229 and 230: Absorption of cosmic noise is cause
Page 231 and 232: Incoherent scatter spectracompared
Page 233 and 234: variations of spectral widths, refr
Page 235 and 236: Figure 1. Diurnal variation of Turb
Page 237 and 238: further experimental test of the ST
Page 239 and 240: waves can be observed more clearly
Page 241 and 242: winter and a minimum in summer near
Page 243 and 244: The main recently assumed mechanism
Page 245 and 246: Figure 2. Statistics of numbers of
Page 247 and 248: LIDAR OBSERVATIONS OF MIDDLE ATMOSP
Page 249 and 250: latitudinal dependence of the seaso
Page 251 and 252: APPLICATION OF THE DUAL-BEAMWIDTH M
Page 253 and 254: Figure 2: Mean zonal and meridional
Page 255: JLKLLK/ILIL6II/G/II/G/LEODFLK/LO/DD
Page 259 and 260: Session I.4: Meteorological Phenome
Page 261 and 262: Integration of the VHF wind profile
Page 263 and 264: Figure 1 : Map of the Lago Maggiore
Page 265 and 266: precipitating clouds, the cyclonic
Page 267 and 268: Eyewall(a)(b)(c)(d)Fig. 3: Radius-h
Page 269 and 270: as low as 0.55. The Piura 50-MHz ra
Page 271 and 272: place features in the profile with
Page 273 and 274: • Period 1 (June 1-10): SCCs exis
Page 275 and 276: Sumatera occurs by stratiform cloud
Page 277 and 278: very interesting to note the double
Page 279 and 280: 20(a) Convective Region(b) Transiti
Page 281 and 282: Typhoon LekimaFig. 2 Typhoon Lekima
Page 283 and 284: Fig. 5 Passage of typhoon Hayan on
Page 285 and 286: the 50 cm 2 sensor head, enabling t
Page 287 and 288: 22 June 2000 23:22:23 - 23:24:20 at
Page 289 and 290: the time-height section of a convec
Page 291 and 292: Thurai, M., T.Iguchi,T. Kozu, J.D.E
Page 293 and 294: There are two main mechanisms which
Page 295 and 296: Horel, J.D. and Cornejo-Garrido, A.
Page 297 and 298: estimating two independent and redu
Page 299 and 300: RASS THETA (K) RASS v-component (m/
Page 301 and 302: Surface winds usually range from 10
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Page 305 and 306: The vertical component from the VTB
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Figure 8 shows the profile of virtu
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2 3D ( , ) ( ) ( ) ˆ ( ) ˆp∆ xm
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presented in Praskovsky et al. (200
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In Fig. 2 a sketch of a mountain le
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In Fig. 8 the lamina is aligned on
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Figure 1: composite day (13 days) o
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virtual sensible heat fluxes ( Wm-2
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3. Characteristics of precipitation
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Fig. 3: Horizontal distribution of
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3. Results and discussionUHF profil
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Figure 4. Monthly variation of slop
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system with two receiving antennae,
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cycle of precipitation. Figure 3(a)
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Histogram of Zonal Velocityh=5.13 K
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5. Summary of results and concludin
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the two nearby major cities, Chenna
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Boundary layer height, km32.521.5(a
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Figure 1:Data from the MST radar at
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spectral processing. In this partic
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3. Results and discussionIn the pre
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4. SummaryAn attempt has been made
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The purpose of this study is to exa
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Figure1. Three-day average of momen
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3. The improved method to estimate
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But in case of period until 1800 UT
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Session I.5: Operational Aspects an
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The profilers of WINDAS weredesigne
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NOAA, 1994 : Wind profiler assessme
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FIRST RESULTS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER
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Figure 3. Pulse Design Diagram to s
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MOVEABLE UHF/S-BAND PROFILER/DISDRO
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one-minute Z values determined from
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TOWARD A MULTISENSOR GROUND BASED R
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3. Cloud Evolution Case StudyOn the
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DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL RECEIVER F
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Experiment 1 Experiment 2IPP 999Km
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ELECTRONIC DIGITAL BEAMFORMING IMPL
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The main element of the unit (figur
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.ON-LINE ADAPTIVE DC-GROUND-CLUTTER
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esulting in a widening of the bandw
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ON THE RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF COCO
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Table 2: Experiment #1 results, Tra
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A NEW NARROW BEAM MF RADAR AT 3 MHZ
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Off-zenith beams towards N, S, E, W
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95ALWIN VHF radar: signal powerdB80
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ANTENNA BEAM VERIFICATION USING COS
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Figure 2: A 45 MHz reference sky te
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AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE UHF STR
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is at 4.7 km, but in the first 4-ga
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QUALITY CONTROL FOR DOPPLER WIND PR
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The resulting moments are subjected
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SOUSY RADAR AT JICAMARCA: SYSTEM DE
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NEControl andcomputer roomCompCoute
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THE EQUATORIAL ATMOSPHERE RADAR:SYS
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Table 1: Specifications of the EAR
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VHF ATMOSPHERIC AND METEOR RADAR IN
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ased upon a geotechnical engineerin
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VORTICAL MOTIONS OBSERVED WITH THE
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interpolation from the original gri
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A NEW MINIRADAR TO INVESTIGATE URBA
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e eliminated to analyze correctly t
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Session PWG 1: System Calibrations
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Session PWG 2: Data Analysis, Valid
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• the time series vectors x(k) of
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Fig. 4: reflectivity of the hydrome
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Session PWG 3: Accuracies and Requi
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Session PWG 4: International Collab
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Session II.E: NOVEL PERSPECTIVES AN
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2 Proposed AlgorithmReceived signal
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N#4E-1-16E1A1#1#2A-1-1C1#3C-1-19Fig
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of conventional DCMP, with which th
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applying the directional constraint
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while for a beam of finite width, t
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In order to make the process more q
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WHAT IS TURBULENCE SEEN BY VHF RADA
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Enhanced resolution applyingpulse s
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Beckmann, Spizichino, 1964Fig. 8 Po
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Fig. 11 Plots of temporal variation
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Fig. 14 Distributions of phase cent
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Hocking, W.K., Radar studies of sma
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THE STRUCTURE FUNCTION-BASED APPROA
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{ Ui( t), Vi( t), Wi( t)} = { Ui ,
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161). Assumption 2H: the instantane
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Only the second order SF are consid
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fluctuations umk( t ) along the bas
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VHF PARASITIC RADAR INTERFEROMETRYF
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• All the costs of transmitter pr
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Figure 2: Example of range-azimuth
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Target Altitude, km1009080706050403
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ReferencesGriffiths, H. D., A. J. G
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Participants ListAvery, James P.Uni
Page 489 and 490:
Hysell, David L.EAS/Cornell Univers
Page 491 and 492:
Silva, Robert R.ATRADAustraliarsilv
Page 493 and 494:
AAdachi, A. .......................
Page 495:
TTabary, P. .......................
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