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Original RIM Image (dB)60Range (km)8886845550458240Restored RIM Image (dB)60Range (km)8886845550458209:15 09:30 09:45 10:00 10:15 10:30 10:45 11:00 11:15Time (UT)440Total Power3.36 x 1063.343.323.33.28GenerationsΦ (rad)20−2φφ 12 13φ 233.260 10 20 30 40 50 60 70−40 10 20 30 40 50 60 70GenerationsFigure 1: Comparison of corrupted RIM image and phase-calibrated RIM image.85.5Echo Power (dB)60Range (km)85.084.584.05550454085.5Original RIM Image (dB)60Range (km)85.084.555504584.04085.5Restored RIM Image (dB)60Range (km)85.084.555504514084.010:35 10:36 10:37 10:38 10:39 10:40 10:41 10:42 10:43 10:44Time (UT)Figure 2: Smaller region of the overall data set.A specific RIM PMSE case study is depicted in Figure 3. This particular data windowwas chosen since it exhibits significant vertical structure emphasizing the transitionbetween the upper and lower layers. It was taken from the restored RIM image presentedin Figure 1. The radial velocity (vertical), spectral width, and calibrated RIM image areshown for a 35-min period and a 7-km region centered at 85 km.An interesting effect is present in the multiple layers of the overall PMSE structurein that the vertical velocity shows vertical continuity throughout the layers. Therefore,it seems obvious that the multiple layers are dynamically connected, throughout at leastthe vertical flow, even though the echo power shows a distinct separation between thelayers. The spectral width, which is related to aspect sensitivity, exhibits the expectedbehavior where the lower layer at 84 km shows a significantly smaller spectral width thandoes the upper layer. More interestingly, the upper layer at 87 km seems to show a similareffect up to about 0934 UT where the bottom side of the layer has smaller spectral widthmimicking the behavior of the overall layer. The RIM images can be thought of as highresolutionimages of echo power and indicate an almost complete separation between thelayers. The small-scale sub-layers possess a natural oscillation and transition betweenrange gates indicative of gravity waves. The period is approximately 5–10 min with directcorrelation with the vertical velocity structure. Given the vertical continuity of verticalvelocity and the observed gravity wave activity, the multiple layering structure of the40
PMSE is more easily interpreted as due to gravity wave modulation of the backgroundtemperature profile [Chilson et al., 1997; Rapp et al., 2002]. Generally, we find thatthe GA-based phase calibration method has allowed the calculation of RIM echo powerimages with improved resolution and clarity.Radial Velocity (m/s)Range (km)8886848250−5Spectral Width (m/s)6Range (km)88868442820Restored RIM Image (dB)60Range (km)8886845550458209:25 09:30 09:35 09:40 09:45 09:50 09:55 10:00Time (UT)Figure 3: Radial velocity (vertical), spectral width, and calibrated RIM image.5 ConclusionsA novel GA-based phase calibration algorithm for RIM imaging applications has beenpresented. It was shown that this method provides robust initial phase estimation withfast convergence rates. The total power over a predefined window in the initial RIM imagewas used as the fitness function. By maximizing this total power as a function of phaseerror, the GA was able to provide convergent phase estimates within 10–20 generations.After obtaining the phase errors based only on the optimization of the predefined window,these errors could be applied to the entire image, reducing the overall computationalburden. Preliminary PMSE images from the application of the RIM technique on theEISCAT radar were presented. Obvious image enhancement was obtained using the GAcalibration method to reveal the fine-scale structure in the PMSE.ReferencesChilson, P. B., P. Czechowsky, J. Klostermeyer, R. Rüster, and G. Schmidt, An investigationof measured temperature profiles and VHF mesosphere summer echoes atmidlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 102 (D20), 23,819–23,828, 1997.Chilson, P. B., T.-Y. Yu, R. G. Strauch, A. Muschinski, and R. D. Palmer, Implementationand validation of range imaging on a UHF radar wind profiler, J. Atmos. Ocean.Technol., 20 (7), 987–996, 2003.Holland, J. H., Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, University of MichiganPress, 1975.Palmer, R. D., T.-Y. Yu, and P. B. Chilson, Range imaging using frequency diversity,Radio Sci., 34 (6), 1485–1496, 1999.40Rapp, M., F.-J. Lübken, A. Müllemann, G. E. Thomas, and E. J. Jensen, Small-scaletemperature variations in the vicinity of NLC: Experimental and model results, J.Geophys. Res., 107 (D19), 4392,doi:10.1029/2001JD001,241, 2002.141
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MST10Tenth InternationalWORKSHOPOn
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MST 10 Group PictureMay 15 th , 200
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TENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TEC
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Table of ContentsPREFACE ..........
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I.2.18 FURTHER OBSERVATIONS OF PMSE
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I.3.27 NEW MST RADAR METHODS FOR ME
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I.4.19 STUDY OF A MESOSCALE LAND-TO
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I.5.502 AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE
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PrefaceMST10The Tenth International
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and the local organizing committee,
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The operational aspects and recent
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To improve the understanding of dyn
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Improving MST radar resolution by u
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latitudes, arguing that the former
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Report on Session I.3 “Winds, Wav
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Turbulence.The session then moved i
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Report on Session I.4 “Meteorolog
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Multiple Antenna Profiling Radar (M
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Report on Session II “Novel Persp
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synchronized by GPS and connected v
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The highly positive response of the
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10th International Workshop on Tech
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10th International Workshop on Tech
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Session I.1: Radar scattering proce
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⎡7800 ∂q⎤(3)⎢ 15500q⎥M =
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Figure 2 compares profiles of ω B
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Figure 1: Data from the MST radar a
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Ri =shear2ωB22⎛ ∂u⎞ ⎛ ∂v
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Meridional (deg)1050−5−10Echo P
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Subarray Configuration, Capon Metho
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Fig. 2 PMSE plot (SOUSY Svalbard Ra
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VHF radar interferometry had shown
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turbulence. From Figures 1 and 2, i
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SummaryFrom the aspect sensitivity
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a specific range. In this work, syn
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P C(dB)(a) Echo Power60504030200.70
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most occidental area of South Ameri
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Quegan, 1992). It should be useful
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measurements, is shown in figure 1(
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The present observations thus empha
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RECENT OBSERVATIONS OF E REGION FIE
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measured spectra in order to separa
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drifts at E and F regions heights b
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• Are characterized by type II ec
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The main parameters that could be o
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THE ROLE OF UNSTABLE SPORADIC-E LAY
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(σ H / σ P )E y (where σ H and
Page 96: STUDY OF A LOW E-REGION QUASI-PERIO
Page 99 and 100: 100 m/syrFigure 4: Geometry of the
Page 101 and 102: Where the notations carry same mean
Page 103 and 104: Where dx/dt and dy/dt are the veloc
Page 105 and 106: non-negativity of the image is prio
Page 107 and 108: spectrum corresponding to the backs
Page 109 and 110: The Artigas and Machu-Picchu Statio
Page 111 and 112: Arguments against the second altern
Page 113 and 114: Extension of the Kolmogorov spectru
Page 115 and 116: volumeESRvolumeSSRSSR SSRESR ESRSSR
Page 117 and 118: individual particles in a statistic
Page 119 and 120: Anomalous spectraTalkner [4] studie
Page 121 and 122: To observe the E region FAI echoes,
Page 123 and 124: matter daytime or nighttime and are
Page 125 and 126: two sub-arrays, each sub-array made
Page 127 and 128: 4. SummaryHere we describe a radio
Page 129 and 130: Figure 1. E-region DPS4 spectra, ri
Page 131 and 132: effects. It is therefore plausible
Page 133 and 134: 1996 and high in 2002). The electri
Page 135 and 136: electric fields map along the geoma
Page 137 and 138: SNR condition is always difficult a
Page 139 and 140: Figure-4 Power spectrum plots of a
Page 141 and 142: As we show below, Jicamarca offers
Page 143 and 144: particularly during daytime counter
Page 145: where ˆδ nm = (δ l − δ m )
Page 149 and 150: ResultsTemperature climatology• s
Page 151 and 152: Simultaneous PMSE and NLC observati
Page 153 and 154: ResultsSeasonal variationMSE are no
Page 155 and 156: Figure 2: MSE parameters as functio
Page 157 and 158: Session I.3: Winds, waves and turbu
Page 159 and 160: poor. It was shown that poor perfor
Page 161 and 162: The use of diffraction pattern simi
Page 163 and 164: F 13 (ξ x ′) = (1 − cos 2ψ N)
Page 165 and 166: Figure 3: (a) Baseline length depen
Page 167 and 168: 3. ResultsFigure 1 shows the amplit
Page 169 and 170: variability.Figure 4 shows the aver
Page 171 and 172: Figure 1. Period-time amplitude wav
Page 173 and 174: the 12-h and 24-h periodicities in
Page 175 and 176: winds and variances at altitudes 70
Page 177 and 178: similar correlation with larger mag
Page 179 and 180: of the refraction index are not equ
Page 181 and 182: Fig. 8. Zonal wind (top) and temper
Page 183 and 184: STUDIES ON ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVE
Page 185 and 186: 1100-1200 hours. From this plot 6.3
Page 187 and 188: STUDIES ON WINDS AND MOMENTUM FLUXE
Page 189 and 190: 3.4 Monthly variation of momentum f
Page 191 and 192: DEEP PENETRATIVE CONVECTION AND GEN
Page 193 and 194: ly changes direction with time with
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191
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193
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These two last relations are the on
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3.2.1 From v ′2 to ɛ kThe questi
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5.2 Frequency distributionsSeveral
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ReferencesAlisse J.-R. and C. Sidi.
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Röttger J. and C.H. Liu. Partial r
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Specular reflection is negligible f
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−0.5C n2 Distribution (PROUST & S
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the beamwidth, α is the zenith ang
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this latitude in late April). Surfa
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Fig. 1. Median (upper) winds and (l
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Fig.1. Lines of constant radial vel
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which have not yet been considered
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is calculated from the radiosonde t
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Figure 3: Time-altitude cross-secti
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Absorption of cosmic noise is cause
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Incoherent scatter spectracompared
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variations of spectral widths, refr
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Figure 1. Diurnal variation of Turb
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further experimental test of the ST
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waves can be observed more clearly
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winter and a minimum in summer near
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The main recently assumed mechanism
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Figure 2. Statistics of numbers of
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LIDAR OBSERVATIONS OF MIDDLE ATMOSP
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latitudinal dependence of the seaso
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APPLICATION OF THE DUAL-BEAMWIDTH M
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Figure 2: Mean zonal and meridional
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JLKLLK/ILIL6II/G/II/G/LEODFLK/LO/DD
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The monthly diurnal mean of horizon
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Session I.4: Meteorological Phenome
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Integration of the VHF wind profile
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Figure 1 : Map of the Lago Maggiore
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precipitating clouds, the cyclonic
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Eyewall(a)(b)(c)(d)Fig. 3: Radius-h
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as low as 0.55. The Piura 50-MHz ra
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place features in the profile with
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• Period 1 (June 1-10): SCCs exis
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Sumatera occurs by stratiform cloud
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very interesting to note the double
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20(a) Convective Region(b) Transiti
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Typhoon LekimaFig. 2 Typhoon Lekima
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Fig. 5 Passage of typhoon Hayan on
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the 50 cm 2 sensor head, enabling t
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22 June 2000 23:22:23 - 23:24:20 at
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the time-height section of a convec
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Thurai, M., T.Iguchi,T. Kozu, J.D.E
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There are two main mechanisms which
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Horel, J.D. and Cornejo-Garrido, A.
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estimating two independent and redu
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RASS THETA (K) RASS v-component (m/
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Surface winds usually range from 10
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weak (maximum of 5 m s -1 ) and the
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The vertical component from the VTB
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Figure 8 shows the profile of virtu
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2 3D ( , ) ( ) ( ) ˆ ( ) ˆp∆ xm
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presented in Praskovsky et al. (200
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In Fig. 2 a sketch of a mountain le
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In Fig. 8 the lamina is aligned on
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Figure 1: composite day (13 days) o
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virtual sensible heat fluxes ( Wm-2
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3. Characteristics of precipitation
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Fig. 3: Horizontal distribution of
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3. Results and discussionUHF profil
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Figure 4. Monthly variation of slop
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system with two receiving antennae,
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cycle of precipitation. Figure 3(a)
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Histogram of Zonal Velocityh=5.13 K
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5. Summary of results and concludin
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the two nearby major cities, Chenna
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Boundary layer height, km32.521.5(a
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Figure 1:Data from the MST radar at
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spectral processing. In this partic
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3. Results and discussionIn the pre
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4. SummaryAn attempt has been made
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The purpose of this study is to exa
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Figure1. Three-day average of momen
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3. The improved method to estimate
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But in case of period until 1800 UT
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Session I.5: Operational Aspects an
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The profilers of WINDAS weredesigne
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NOAA, 1994 : Wind profiler assessme
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FIRST RESULTS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER
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Figure 3. Pulse Design Diagram to s
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MOVEABLE UHF/S-BAND PROFILER/DISDRO
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one-minute Z values determined from
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TOWARD A MULTISENSOR GROUND BASED R
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3. Cloud Evolution Case StudyOn the
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DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL RECEIVER F
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Experiment 1 Experiment 2IPP 999Km
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ELECTRONIC DIGITAL BEAMFORMING IMPL
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The main element of the unit (figur
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.ON-LINE ADAPTIVE DC-GROUND-CLUTTER
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esulting in a widening of the bandw
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ON THE RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF COCO
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Table 2: Experiment #1 results, Tra
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A NEW NARROW BEAM MF RADAR AT 3 MHZ
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Off-zenith beams towards N, S, E, W
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95ALWIN VHF radar: signal powerdB80
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ANTENNA BEAM VERIFICATION USING COS
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Figure 2: A 45 MHz reference sky te
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AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE UHF STR
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is at 4.7 km, but in the first 4-ga
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QUALITY CONTROL FOR DOPPLER WIND PR
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The resulting moments are subjected
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SOUSY RADAR AT JICAMARCA: SYSTEM DE
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NEControl andcomputer roomCompCoute
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THE EQUATORIAL ATMOSPHERE RADAR:SYS
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Table 1: Specifications of the EAR
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VHF ATMOSPHERIC AND METEOR RADAR IN
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ased upon a geotechnical engineerin
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VORTICAL MOTIONS OBSERVED WITH THE
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interpolation from the original gri
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A NEW MINIRADAR TO INVESTIGATE URBA
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e eliminated to analyze correctly t
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Session PWG 1: System Calibrations
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Session PWG 2: Data Analysis, Valid
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• the time series vectors x(k) of
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Fig. 4: reflectivity of the hydrome
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Session PWG 3: Accuracies and Requi
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Session PWG 4: International Collab
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Session II.E: NOVEL PERSPECTIVES AN
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2 Proposed AlgorithmReceived signal
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N#4E-1-16E1A1#1#2A-1-1C1#3C-1-19Fig
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of conventional DCMP, with which th
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applying the directional constraint
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while for a beam of finite width, t
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In order to make the process more q
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WHAT IS TURBULENCE SEEN BY VHF RADA
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Enhanced resolution applyingpulse s
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Beckmann, Spizichino, 1964Fig. 8 Po
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Fig. 11 Plots of temporal variation
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Fig. 14 Distributions of phase cent
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Hocking, W.K., Radar studies of sma
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THE STRUCTURE FUNCTION-BASED APPROA
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{ Ui( t), Vi( t), Wi( t)} = { Ui ,
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161). Assumption 2H: the instantane
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Only the second order SF are consid
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fluctuations umk( t ) along the bas
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VHF PARASITIC RADAR INTERFEROMETRYF
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• All the costs of transmitter pr
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Figure 2: Example of range-azimuth
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Target Altitude, km1009080706050403
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ReferencesGriffiths, H. D., A. J. G
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Participants ListAvery, James P.Uni
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Hysell, David L.EAS/Cornell Univers
Page 491 and 492:
Silva, Robert R.ATRADAustraliarsilv
Page 493 and 494:
AAdachi, A. .......................
Page 495:
TTabary, P. .......................
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