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Hocking W. k. and K.L. Mu. Upper and middle tropospheric kinetic energy dissipation ratesfrom measurements of c 2 n - review of theories, in-situ investigations, and experimental studiesusing the buckland park atmospheric radar in australia. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 59:1779–1803, 1997.Imberger J. and G. Ivey. On the nature of turbulence in a stratified fluid. part 2: Applicationsto lakes. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21:659–680, 1991.Itsweire E.C., J.R. Koseff, D.A. Briggs, and J.H. Ferziger. Turbulence in stratified shear flows:Implications for interpreting shear-indiced mixing in the ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23:1508–1522, 1993.Ivey G. and J. Imberger. On the nature of turbulence in a stratified fluid. part 1: The energeticsof mixing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21:650–658, 1991.Kurosaki S., M. Yamamoto, H. Hashiguchi, T. Sato, and S. Fukao. Vertical eddy diffusivity inthe lower and middle atmosphere: a climatology based on the mu radar observations during1986-1992. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 58:727–734, 1996.Lilly D.K., D.E. Waco, and S.I. Aldefang. Stratospheric mixing estimated from high altitudeturbulence measurements. J. Appl. Meteorol., 13:488–493, 1974.Lorenz E.N. Available potential energy and the maintenance of the general circulation. Tellus,7:157–167, 1955.Luce H., F. Dalaudier, M. Crochet, and C. Sidi. Direct comparison between in situ and vhfand oblique radar measurements of refractive index spectra: a new successful atempt. RadioSci., 31:1487–1500, 1996.Luce H., S. Fukao, F. Dalaudier, and M. Crochet. Strong mixing events observed near thetropopause with the mu radar and hight-resolution balloon techniques. J. Atmos. Sci., 59:2885–2896, 2002.Nastrom G.D. and F.D. Eaton. Tubulence eddy dissipation rates from radar observations at5-20 km at white sands missile range, new mexico. J. Geophys. Res, 102:19,495–19,505,1997.Nastrom G.D. and F.D. Eaton. Persistent layers of enhanced c 2 n in the lower stratosphere fromvhf radar observations. Radio Sci., 36:137–149, 2001.Ottersten H. Radar backscattering from the turbulent clear atmosphere. Radio Sci., 4:1251–1255, 1969b.Pavelin E., J. Whiteway, R. Busen, and J. Hacker. Airborne observations of turbulence, mixing,and gravity waves in the tropopause region. J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D10):4084, 2002.Rao D.N., M.V. Ratnam, T.N. Rao, and S.V.B. Rao. Seasonal variation of vertical eddy diffusivityin the troposphere, lower stratosphere and mesosphere over a tropical station. Ann.Geophys., 19:975–984, 2001.Rohr J.J., E.C. Istweire, and C.W. Van Atta. Mixing efficiency in stably stratified decayingturbulence. Gephys. Astrophys. Fluid. Dyn., 29:221–236, 1984.Ruddick B., D. Walsh, and N. Oakey. Variations in apparent mixing efficiency in the northatlantic central water. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27:2589–2605, 1997.202
Röttger J. and C.H. Liu. Partial reflection and scattering of vhf radar signals from the clearatmosphere. Gephys. Res. Lett., 5:357–360, 1978.Sato T. and R. F. Woodman. Fine altitude resolution observations of stratospheric turbulentlayers by the arecibo 430 mhz radar. J. Atmos. Sci., 39:2546–2552, 1982.Smyth W.D. and J.N. Moum. Length scales of turbulence in stably stratified turbulence. Phys.Fluids, 12:1327–1342, 2000.Smyth W.D., J.N. Moum, and D.R. Caldwell. The efficiency of mixing in turbulent patches:Inferences from direct simulations and microstructure observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31:1969–1992, 2001.St Laurent L. and R.W. Schmitt. The contribution of salt fingers to vertical mixing in the northatlantic trace release experiment. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29:1404–1424, 1999.Tatarskii V.I. Wave propagation in a turbulent medium, 1961.Tennekes H. and J Lumley. A first course in Turbulence. MIT Press, 1972.Thorpe S.A. Turbulence in stably stratified fluids: a review of laboratory experiments. Bound.-Layer Meteorol., 5:95–119, 1973.Tsuda T., W.E. Gordon, and H. Saito. Azimuth angle variation of specular reflection echoes inthe lower atmosphere observed with the mu radar. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr.. Phys., 59:777–784,1997.Vaneste J. and P.H. Haynes. Intermittent mixing in strongly stratified fluids as a random walk.J. Fluid. Mech., 411:165–185, 2000.VanZandt T.E., W.L. Clarck, K.S. Gage, C.R. Williams, and W.L. Ecklund. A dual-beamwidthradar technique for measuring the turbulent energy dissipation rate ɛ. Gephys. Res. Lett., 29:??–??, 2002.VanZandt T.E., J.L. Green, K.S. Gage, and W.L. Clarck. Vertical profiles of refractivity turbulencestructure constant: comparison of observations by the sunset radar with a new theoreticalmodel. Radio Sci., 13:819–829, 1978.Weinstock J. On the theory of turbulence in the buyoancy subrange of stably stratified flows.J. Atmos. Sci., 35:634–649, 1978.Weinstock J. Using radar to estimate dissipation rate in thin layer of turbulence. Radio Sci.,16:1401–1406, 1981.Weinstock J. Vertical diffusivity and overturning length in stably stratified turbulence. J.Geophys. Res., 97:12,653–12,658, 1992.Winters K.B., P.N. Lombard, J.J. Riley, and E.A. d’Assaro. Available potential energy andmixing in density stratified fluid. J. Fluid. Mech., 289:115–128, 1995.Woodman R. F. and A. Guillen. Radar observations of winds and turbulence in the stratosphereand mesosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 31:493–505, 1974.Woodman R. F. and P.K. Rastogi. Evaluation of effective eddy diffusive coefficients using radarobservations of turbulence in the stratosphere. Gephys. Res. Lett., 11:243–246, 1984.203
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MST10Tenth InternationalWORKSHOPOn
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MST 10 Group PictureMay 15 th , 200
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TENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TEC
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Table of ContentsPREFACE ..........
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I.2.18 FURTHER OBSERVATIONS OF PMSE
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I.3.27 NEW MST RADAR METHODS FOR ME
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I.4.19 STUDY OF A MESOSCALE LAND-TO
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I.5.502 AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE
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PrefaceMST10The Tenth International
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and the local organizing committee,
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The operational aspects and recent
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To improve the understanding of dyn
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Improving MST radar resolution by u
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latitudes, arguing that the former
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Report on Session I.3 “Winds, Wav
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Turbulence.The session then moved i
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Report on Session I.4 “Meteorolog
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Multiple Antenna Profiling Radar (M
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Report on Session II “Novel Persp
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synchronized by GPS and connected v
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The highly positive response of the
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10th International Workshop on Tech
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10th International Workshop on Tech
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Session I.1: Radar scattering proce
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⎡7800 ∂q⎤(3)⎢ 15500q⎥M =
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Figure 2 compares profiles of ω B
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Figure 1: Data from the MST radar a
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Ri =shear2ωB22⎛ ∂u⎞ ⎛ ∂v
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Meridional (deg)1050−5−10Echo P
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Subarray Configuration, Capon Metho
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Fig. 2 PMSE plot (SOUSY Svalbard Ra
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VHF radar interferometry had shown
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turbulence. From Figures 1 and 2, i
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SummaryFrom the aspect sensitivity
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a specific range. In this work, syn
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P C(dB)(a) Echo Power60504030200.70
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most occidental area of South Ameri
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Quegan, 1992). It should be useful
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measurements, is shown in figure 1(
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The present observations thus empha
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RECENT OBSERVATIONS OF E REGION FIE
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measured spectra in order to separa
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drifts at E and F regions heights b
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• Are characterized by type II ec
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The main parameters that could be o
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THE ROLE OF UNSTABLE SPORADIC-E LAY
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(σ H / σ P )E y (where σ H and
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STUDY OF A LOW E-REGION QUASI-PERIO
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100 m/syrFigure 4: Geometry of the
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Where the notations carry same mean
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Where dx/dt and dy/dt are the veloc
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non-negativity of the image is prio
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spectrum corresponding to the backs
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The Artigas and Machu-Picchu Statio
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Arguments against the second altern
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Extension of the Kolmogorov spectru
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volumeESRvolumeSSRSSR SSRESR ESRSSR
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individual particles in a statistic
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Anomalous spectraTalkner [4] studie
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To observe the E region FAI echoes,
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matter daytime or nighttime and are
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two sub-arrays, each sub-array made
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4. SummaryHere we describe a radio
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Figure 1. E-region DPS4 spectra, ri
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effects. It is therefore plausible
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1996 and high in 2002). The electri
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electric fields map along the geoma
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SNR condition is always difficult a
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Figure-4 Power spectrum plots of a
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As we show below, Jicamarca offers
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particularly during daytime counter
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where ˆδ nm = (δ l − δ m )
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PMSE is more easily interpreted as
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ResultsTemperature climatology• s
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Simultaneous PMSE and NLC observati
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ResultsSeasonal variationMSE are no
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Figure 2: MSE parameters as functio
Page 157 and 158: Session I.3: Winds, waves and turbu
Page 159 and 160: poor. It was shown that poor perfor
Page 161 and 162: The use of diffraction pattern simi
Page 163 and 164: F 13 (ξ x ′) = (1 − cos 2ψ N)
Page 165 and 166: Figure 3: (a) Baseline length depen
Page 167 and 168: 3. ResultsFigure 1 shows the amplit
Page 169 and 170: variability.Figure 4 shows the aver
Page 171 and 172: Figure 1. Period-time amplitude wav
Page 173 and 174: the 12-h and 24-h periodicities in
Page 175 and 176: winds and variances at altitudes 70
Page 177 and 178: similar correlation with larger mag
Page 179 and 180: of the refraction index are not equ
Page 181 and 182: Fig. 8. Zonal wind (top) and temper
Page 183 and 184: STUDIES ON ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVE
Page 185 and 186: 1100-1200 hours. From this plot 6.3
Page 187 and 188: STUDIES ON WINDS AND MOMENTUM FLUXE
Page 189 and 190: 3.4 Monthly variation of momentum f
Page 191 and 192: DEEP PENETRATIVE CONVECTION AND GEN
Page 193 and 194: ly changes direction with time with
Page 195 and 196: 189
Page 197 and 198: 191
Page 199 and 200: 193
Page 201 and 202: These two last relations are the on
Page 203 and 204: 3.2.1 From v ′2 to ɛ kThe questi
Page 205 and 206: 5.2 Frequency distributionsSeveral
Page 207: ReferencesAlisse J.-R. and C. Sidi.
Page 211 and 212: Specular reflection is negligible f
Page 213 and 214: −0.5C n2 Distribution (PROUST & S
Page 215 and 216: the beamwidth, α is the zenith ang
Page 217 and 218: this latitude in late April). Surfa
Page 219 and 220: Fig. 1. Median (upper) winds and (l
Page 221 and 222: Fig.1. Lines of constant radial vel
Page 223 and 224: which have not yet been considered
Page 225 and 226: is calculated from the radiosonde t
Page 227 and 228: Figure 3: Time-altitude cross-secti
Page 229 and 230: Absorption of cosmic noise is cause
Page 231 and 232: Incoherent scatter spectracompared
Page 233 and 234: variations of spectral widths, refr
Page 235 and 236: Figure 1. Diurnal variation of Turb
Page 237 and 238: further experimental test of the ST
Page 239 and 240: waves can be observed more clearly
Page 241 and 242: winter and a minimum in summer near
Page 243 and 244: The main recently assumed mechanism
Page 245 and 246: Figure 2. Statistics of numbers of
Page 247 and 248: LIDAR OBSERVATIONS OF MIDDLE ATMOSP
Page 249 and 250: latitudinal dependence of the seaso
Page 251 and 252: APPLICATION OF THE DUAL-BEAMWIDTH M
Page 253 and 254: Figure 2: Mean zonal and meridional
Page 255 and 256: JLKLLK/ILIL6II/G/II/G/LEODFLK/LO/DD
Page 257 and 258: The monthly diurnal mean of horizon
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Session I.4: Meteorological Phenome
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Integration of the VHF wind profile
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Figure 1 : Map of the Lago Maggiore
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precipitating clouds, the cyclonic
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Eyewall(a)(b)(c)(d)Fig. 3: Radius-h
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as low as 0.55. The Piura 50-MHz ra
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place features in the profile with
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• Period 1 (June 1-10): SCCs exis
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Sumatera occurs by stratiform cloud
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very interesting to note the double
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20(a) Convective Region(b) Transiti
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Typhoon LekimaFig. 2 Typhoon Lekima
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Fig. 5 Passage of typhoon Hayan on
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the 50 cm 2 sensor head, enabling t
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22 June 2000 23:22:23 - 23:24:20 at
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the time-height section of a convec
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Thurai, M., T.Iguchi,T. Kozu, J.D.E
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There are two main mechanisms which
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Horel, J.D. and Cornejo-Garrido, A.
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estimating two independent and redu
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RASS THETA (K) RASS v-component (m/
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Surface winds usually range from 10
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weak (maximum of 5 m s -1 ) and the
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The vertical component from the VTB
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Figure 8 shows the profile of virtu
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2 3D ( , ) ( ) ( ) ˆ ( ) ˆp∆ xm
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presented in Praskovsky et al. (200
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In Fig. 2 a sketch of a mountain le
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In Fig. 8 the lamina is aligned on
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Figure 1: composite day (13 days) o
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virtual sensible heat fluxes ( Wm-2
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3. Characteristics of precipitation
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Fig. 3: Horizontal distribution of
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3. Results and discussionUHF profil
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Figure 4. Monthly variation of slop
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system with two receiving antennae,
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cycle of precipitation. Figure 3(a)
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Histogram of Zonal Velocityh=5.13 K
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5. Summary of results and concludin
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the two nearby major cities, Chenna
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Boundary layer height, km32.521.5(a
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Figure 1:Data from the MST radar at
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spectral processing. In this partic
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3. Results and discussionIn the pre
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4. SummaryAn attempt has been made
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The purpose of this study is to exa
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Figure1. Three-day average of momen
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3. The improved method to estimate
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But in case of period until 1800 UT
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Session I.5: Operational Aspects an
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The profilers of WINDAS weredesigne
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NOAA, 1994 : Wind profiler assessme
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FIRST RESULTS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER
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Figure 3. Pulse Design Diagram to s
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MOVEABLE UHF/S-BAND PROFILER/DISDRO
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one-minute Z values determined from
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TOWARD A MULTISENSOR GROUND BASED R
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3. Cloud Evolution Case StudyOn the
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DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL RECEIVER F
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Experiment 1 Experiment 2IPP 999Km
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ELECTRONIC DIGITAL BEAMFORMING IMPL
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The main element of the unit (figur
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.ON-LINE ADAPTIVE DC-GROUND-CLUTTER
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esulting in a widening of the bandw
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ON THE RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF COCO
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Table 2: Experiment #1 results, Tra
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A NEW NARROW BEAM MF RADAR AT 3 MHZ
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Off-zenith beams towards N, S, E, W
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95ALWIN VHF radar: signal powerdB80
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ANTENNA BEAM VERIFICATION USING COS
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Figure 2: A 45 MHz reference sky te
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AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE UHF STR
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is at 4.7 km, but in the first 4-ga
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QUALITY CONTROL FOR DOPPLER WIND PR
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The resulting moments are subjected
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SOUSY RADAR AT JICAMARCA: SYSTEM DE
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NEControl andcomputer roomCompCoute
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THE EQUATORIAL ATMOSPHERE RADAR:SYS
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Table 1: Specifications of the EAR
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VHF ATMOSPHERIC AND METEOR RADAR IN
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ased upon a geotechnical engineerin
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VORTICAL MOTIONS OBSERVED WITH THE
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interpolation from the original gri
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A NEW MINIRADAR TO INVESTIGATE URBA
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e eliminated to analyze correctly t
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Session PWG 1: System Calibrations
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Session PWG 2: Data Analysis, Valid
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• the time series vectors x(k) of
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Fig. 4: reflectivity of the hydrome
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Session PWG 3: Accuracies and Requi
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Session PWG 4: International Collab
Page 441 and 442:
Session II.E: NOVEL PERSPECTIVES AN
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2 Proposed AlgorithmReceived signal
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N#4E-1-16E1A1#1#2A-1-1C1#3C-1-19Fig
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of conventional DCMP, with which th
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applying the directional constraint
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while for a beam of finite width, t
Page 453 and 454:
In order to make the process more q
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WHAT IS TURBULENCE SEEN BY VHF RADA
Page 457 and 458:
Enhanced resolution applyingpulse s
Page 459 and 460:
Beckmann, Spizichino, 1964Fig. 8 Po
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Fig. 11 Plots of temporal variation
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Fig. 14 Distributions of phase cent
Page 465 and 466:
Hocking, W.K., Radar studies of sma
Page 467 and 468:
THE STRUCTURE FUNCTION-BASED APPROA
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{ Ui( t), Vi( t), Wi( t)} = { Ui ,
Page 471 and 472:
161). Assumption 2H: the instantane
Page 473 and 474:
Only the second order SF are consid
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fluctuations umk( t ) along the bas
Page 477 and 478:
VHF PARASITIC RADAR INTERFEROMETRYF
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• All the costs of transmitter pr
Page 481 and 482:
Figure 2: Example of range-azimuth
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Target Altitude, km1009080706050403
Page 485 and 486:
ReferencesGriffiths, H. D., A. J. G
Page 487 and 488:
Participants ListAvery, James P.Uni
Page 489 and 490:
Hysell, David L.EAS/Cornell Univers
Page 491 and 492:
Silva, Robert R.ATRADAustraliarsilv
Page 493 and 494:
AAdachi, A. .......................
Page 495:
TTabary, P. .......................
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