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EISCAT AND SOUSY SVALBARD RADAR OBSERVATIONSOF PMSE – DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIESJ. Röttger 1 , K. Kubo 2 and S. Fukao 21Max-Planck-Institut, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany2Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere, Uji, Kyoto, JapanThe EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) operates on 500 MHz; collocated (at a distance of 1.5 km)with it is the SOUSY Svalbard Radar (SSR), which operates on 53.5 MHz. We have usedboth radars during PMSE coherent scatter conditions, where the ESR can also detectincoherent scatter and thus allows to estimate the electron density. We describe observationsof incoherent and coherent scatter during two observing periods in summer 1999 and 2000.As described in Röttger (2000) well calibrated signal power was obtained with both radars,from which we deduced the radar reflectivity. Estimating the turbulence dissipation rate fromthe narrow beam observations of PMSE with the ESR, using the estimate of the electrondensity and the radar reflectivity on both frequencies we can obtain estimates of the Schmidtnumber by comparing our observational results with the models. Schmidt numbers of at least100 are necessary to obtain the measured radar reflectivities, which basically support themodels, which claim that the inertial-viscous subrange in the electron gas can extend down tosmall scales of some ten centimeters (namely, the Bragg scale of the ESR).EISCAT Svalbard Radar incoherent scatter and PMSEFig. 1 Incoherent scatter (above 90 km) and coherent scatter (at 87.9 km)from Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) observed with the500 MHz EISCAT Svalbard Radar. The upper plots show the height-timeintensity (left) and profile of scatter (+ noise) amplitude on the right-handside. The lower 6 plots show the dynamic spectra (left) and spectra scatterplots (right). See Röttger (2000) for details.106
Extension of the Kolmogorov spectrumdue to the presence of aerosol particles?Fig. 2 Schematics of Kolmogorov spectrum showing the transition from turbulent or laminarmotions in the inertial-convective subrange into thermal motions at higher spatial wavenumbersk in the viscous-diffusive subrange. Coherent scatter occurs when irregularities ofrefractive index exist at small wavenumbers in the inertial subrange. Incoherent scatter occursin the ionosphere when only thermal motions of neutrals, ions and electrons exist far beyondthe viscous-diffusive subrange. This subrange can be extended into higher spatial wavenumbersof the electron gas when heavy charged particles exist in the ionospheric plasma,which reduce the diffusivity of the electrons. Then coherent scatter can even occur at highspatial wavenumbers, i.e. at higher radar frequencies. The two arrows point to estimates ofradar reflectivity in the D-region for incoherent scatter and coherent scatter (adapted from theWoodman and Guillen paper, 1972), which can merge under such conditions (l.-h. panel).No cooling but PMSEcontamination !(decrease inspectrum width)Fig. 3 Spectra of scatter signals observed as function of height in the mesosphere with theESR on 500 MHz. The enhanced signal around 85 km is caused by coherent scatter fromPMSE irregularities which is superimposed on the incoherent scatter, which dominates belowand above this altitude. The coherent scatter spectrum is narrower than the incoherent scatterspectrum, which could be interpreted to result from a cooler medium if one would disregardthe fact that these are PMSE caused by reduced electron diffusivity.107
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MST10Tenth InternationalWORKSHOPOn
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MST 10 Group PictureMay 15 th , 200
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TENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TEC
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Table of ContentsPREFACE ..........
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I.2.18 FURTHER OBSERVATIONS OF PMSE
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I.3.27 NEW MST RADAR METHODS FOR ME
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I.4.19 STUDY OF A MESOSCALE LAND-TO
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I.5.502 AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE
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PrefaceMST10The Tenth International
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and the local organizing committee,
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The operational aspects and recent
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To improve the understanding of dyn
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Improving MST radar resolution by u
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latitudes, arguing that the former
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Report on Session I.3 “Winds, Wav
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Turbulence.The session then moved i
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Report on Session I.4 “Meteorolog
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Multiple Antenna Profiling Radar (M
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Report on Session II “Novel Persp
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synchronized by GPS and connected v
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The highly positive response of the
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10th International Workshop on Tech
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10th International Workshop on Tech
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Session I.1: Radar scattering proce
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⎡7800 ∂q⎤(3)⎢ 15500q⎥M =
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Figure 2 compares profiles of ω B
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Figure 1: Data from the MST radar a
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Ri =shear2ωB22⎛ ∂u⎞ ⎛ ∂v
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Meridional (deg)1050−5−10Echo P
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Subarray Configuration, Capon Metho
Page 61 and 62: Fig. 2 PMSE plot (SOUSY Svalbard Ra
Page 63 and 64: VHF radar interferometry had shown
Page 65 and 66: turbulence. From Figures 1 and 2, i
Page 67 and 68: SummaryFrom the aspect sensitivity
Page 69 and 70: a specific range. In this work, syn
Page 71 and 72: P C(dB)(a) Echo Power60504030200.70
Page 73 and 74: most occidental area of South Ameri
Page 75 and 76: Quegan, 1992). It should be useful
Page 77 and 78: measurements, is shown in figure 1(
Page 79: The present observations thus empha
Page 82 and 83: RECENT OBSERVATIONS OF E REGION FIE
Page 84 and 85: measured spectra in order to separa
Page 86 and 87: drifts at E and F regions heights b
Page 88 and 89: • Are characterized by type II ec
Page 90 and 91: The main parameters that could be o
Page 92 and 93: THE ROLE OF UNSTABLE SPORADIC-E LAY
Page 94 and 95: (σ H / σ P )E y (where σ H and
Page 96: STUDY OF A LOW E-REGION QUASI-PERIO
Page 99 and 100: 100 m/syrFigure 4: Geometry of the
Page 101 and 102: Where the notations carry same mean
Page 103 and 104: Where dx/dt and dy/dt are the veloc
Page 105 and 106: non-negativity of the image is prio
Page 107 and 108: spectrum corresponding to the backs
Page 109 and 110: The Artigas and Machu-Picchu Statio
Page 111: Arguments against the second altern
Page 115 and 116: volumeESRvolumeSSRSSR SSRESR ESRSSR
Page 117 and 118: individual particles in a statistic
Page 119 and 120: Anomalous spectraTalkner [4] studie
Page 121 and 122: To observe the E region FAI echoes,
Page 123 and 124: matter daytime or nighttime and are
Page 125 and 126: two sub-arrays, each sub-array made
Page 127 and 128: 4. SummaryHere we describe a radio
Page 129 and 130: Figure 1. E-region DPS4 spectra, ri
Page 131 and 132: effects. It is therefore plausible
Page 133 and 134: 1996 and high in 2002). The electri
Page 135 and 136: electric fields map along the geoma
Page 137 and 138: SNR condition is always difficult a
Page 139 and 140: Figure-4 Power spectrum plots of a
Page 141 and 142: As we show below, Jicamarca offers
Page 143 and 144: particularly during daytime counter
Page 145 and 146: where ˆδ nm = (δ l − δ m )
Page 147 and 148: PMSE is more easily interpreted as
Page 149 and 150: ResultsTemperature climatology• s
Page 151 and 152: Simultaneous PMSE and NLC observati
Page 153 and 154: ResultsSeasonal variationMSE are no
Page 155 and 156: Figure 2: MSE parameters as functio
Page 157 and 158: Session I.3: Winds, waves and turbu
Page 159 and 160: poor. It was shown that poor perfor
Page 161 and 162: The use of diffraction pattern simi
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F 13 (ξ x ′) = (1 − cos 2ψ N)
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Figure 3: (a) Baseline length depen
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3. ResultsFigure 1 shows the amplit
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variability.Figure 4 shows the aver
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Figure 1. Period-time amplitude wav
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the 12-h and 24-h periodicities in
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winds and variances at altitudes 70
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similar correlation with larger mag
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of the refraction index are not equ
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Fig. 8. Zonal wind (top) and temper
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STUDIES ON ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVE
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1100-1200 hours. From this plot 6.3
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STUDIES ON WINDS AND MOMENTUM FLUXE
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3.4 Monthly variation of momentum f
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DEEP PENETRATIVE CONVECTION AND GEN
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ly changes direction with time with
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189
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191
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193
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These two last relations are the on
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3.2.1 From v ′2 to ɛ kThe questi
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5.2 Frequency distributionsSeveral
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ReferencesAlisse J.-R. and C. Sidi.
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Röttger J. and C.H. Liu. Partial r
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Specular reflection is negligible f
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−0.5C n2 Distribution (PROUST & S
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the beamwidth, α is the zenith ang
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this latitude in late April). Surfa
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Fig. 1. Median (upper) winds and (l
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Fig.1. Lines of constant radial vel
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which have not yet been considered
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is calculated from the radiosonde t
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Figure 3: Time-altitude cross-secti
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Absorption of cosmic noise is cause
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Incoherent scatter spectracompared
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variations of spectral widths, refr
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Figure 1. Diurnal variation of Turb
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further experimental test of the ST
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waves can be observed more clearly
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winter and a minimum in summer near
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The main recently assumed mechanism
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Figure 2. Statistics of numbers of
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LIDAR OBSERVATIONS OF MIDDLE ATMOSP
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latitudinal dependence of the seaso
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APPLICATION OF THE DUAL-BEAMWIDTH M
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Figure 2: Mean zonal and meridional
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JLKLLK/ILIL6II/G/II/G/LEODFLK/LO/DD
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The monthly diurnal mean of horizon
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Session I.4: Meteorological Phenome
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Integration of the VHF wind profile
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Figure 1 : Map of the Lago Maggiore
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precipitating clouds, the cyclonic
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Eyewall(a)(b)(c)(d)Fig. 3: Radius-h
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as low as 0.55. The Piura 50-MHz ra
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place features in the profile with
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• Period 1 (June 1-10): SCCs exis
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Sumatera occurs by stratiform cloud
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very interesting to note the double
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20(a) Convective Region(b) Transiti
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Typhoon LekimaFig. 2 Typhoon Lekima
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Fig. 5 Passage of typhoon Hayan on
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the 50 cm 2 sensor head, enabling t
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22 June 2000 23:22:23 - 23:24:20 at
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the time-height section of a convec
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Thurai, M., T.Iguchi,T. Kozu, J.D.E
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There are two main mechanisms which
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Horel, J.D. and Cornejo-Garrido, A.
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estimating two independent and redu
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RASS THETA (K) RASS v-component (m/
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Surface winds usually range from 10
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weak (maximum of 5 m s -1 ) and the
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The vertical component from the VTB
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Figure 8 shows the profile of virtu
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2 3D ( , ) ( ) ( ) ˆ ( ) ˆp∆ xm
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presented in Praskovsky et al. (200
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In Fig. 2 a sketch of a mountain le
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In Fig. 8 the lamina is aligned on
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Figure 1: composite day (13 days) o
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virtual sensible heat fluxes ( Wm-2
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3. Characteristics of precipitation
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Fig. 3: Horizontal distribution of
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3. Results and discussionUHF profil
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Figure 4. Monthly variation of slop
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system with two receiving antennae,
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cycle of precipitation. Figure 3(a)
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Histogram of Zonal Velocityh=5.13 K
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5. Summary of results and concludin
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the two nearby major cities, Chenna
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Boundary layer height, km32.521.5(a
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Figure 1:Data from the MST radar at
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spectral processing. In this partic
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3. Results and discussionIn the pre
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4. SummaryAn attempt has been made
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The purpose of this study is to exa
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Figure1. Three-day average of momen
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3. The improved method to estimate
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But in case of period until 1800 UT
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Session I.5: Operational Aspects an
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The profilers of WINDAS weredesigne
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NOAA, 1994 : Wind profiler assessme
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FIRST RESULTS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER
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Figure 3. Pulse Design Diagram to s
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MOVEABLE UHF/S-BAND PROFILER/DISDRO
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one-minute Z values determined from
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TOWARD A MULTISENSOR GROUND BASED R
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3. Cloud Evolution Case StudyOn the
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DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL RECEIVER F
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Experiment 1 Experiment 2IPP 999Km
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ELECTRONIC DIGITAL BEAMFORMING IMPL
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The main element of the unit (figur
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.ON-LINE ADAPTIVE DC-GROUND-CLUTTER
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esulting in a widening of the bandw
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ON THE RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF COCO
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Table 2: Experiment #1 results, Tra
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A NEW NARROW BEAM MF RADAR AT 3 MHZ
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Off-zenith beams towards N, S, E, W
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95ALWIN VHF radar: signal powerdB80
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ANTENNA BEAM VERIFICATION USING COS
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Figure 2: A 45 MHz reference sky te
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AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE UHF STR
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is at 4.7 km, but in the first 4-ga
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QUALITY CONTROL FOR DOPPLER WIND PR
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The resulting moments are subjected
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SOUSY RADAR AT JICAMARCA: SYSTEM DE
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NEControl andcomputer roomCompCoute
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THE EQUATORIAL ATMOSPHERE RADAR:SYS
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Table 1: Specifications of the EAR
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VHF ATMOSPHERIC AND METEOR RADAR IN
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ased upon a geotechnical engineerin
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VORTICAL MOTIONS OBSERVED WITH THE
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interpolation from the original gri
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A NEW MINIRADAR TO INVESTIGATE URBA
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e eliminated to analyze correctly t
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Session PWG 1: System Calibrations
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Session PWG 2: Data Analysis, Valid
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• the time series vectors x(k) of
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Fig. 4: reflectivity of the hydrome
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Session PWG 3: Accuracies and Requi
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Session PWG 4: International Collab
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Session II.E: NOVEL PERSPECTIVES AN
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2 Proposed AlgorithmReceived signal
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N#4E-1-16E1A1#1#2A-1-1C1#3C-1-19Fig
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of conventional DCMP, with which th
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applying the directional constraint
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while for a beam of finite width, t
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In order to make the process more q
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WHAT IS TURBULENCE SEEN BY VHF RADA
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Enhanced resolution applyingpulse s
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Beckmann, Spizichino, 1964Fig. 8 Po
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Fig. 11 Plots of temporal variation
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Fig. 14 Distributions of phase cent
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Hocking, W.K., Radar studies of sma
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THE STRUCTURE FUNCTION-BASED APPROA
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{ Ui( t), Vi( t), Wi( t)} = { Ui ,
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161). Assumption 2H: the instantane
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Only the second order SF are consid
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fluctuations umk( t ) along the bas
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VHF PARASITIC RADAR INTERFEROMETRYF
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• All the costs of transmitter pr
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Figure 2: Example of range-azimuth
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Target Altitude, km1009080706050403
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ReferencesGriffiths, H. D., A. J. G
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Participants ListAvery, James P.Uni
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Hysell, David L.EAS/Cornell Univers
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Silva, Robert R.ATRADAustraliarsilv
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AAdachi, A. .......................
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TTabary, P. .......................
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