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Report on theThird International School on Atmospheric Radar – ISAR-3 –held at the Abdus Salam International Center for TheoreticalPhysics in Trieste, Italy, 25 November – 13 December 2002Jürgen RöttgerThis school was the third in its role following ISAR-1 in 1988 in Kyoto, Japan, and ISAR-2in 1995 in Hilton Head, USA. These schools are part of the activities in the scientific andengineering community using radars for studies of the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere.In particular the mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) radars have become majorresearch tools in these applications. A proper knowledge of the basic methods, properanalysis, validation and interpretation of the acquired data, basing on the main theoreticalbackground of atmospheric physics, informatics and technology is demanded for suchefficient applications. The school ISAR-3 was particularly held for the purpose of trainingyoung researchers and students, who are active in or have proven relations to this area, orcould certify a solid interest and a sound perspective on this research and this technique.The school covered the main subjects of fundamentals of atmospheric radar, hardware andbasics of signal acquisition, data analysis and special applications such as interferometry,scattering of radar waves, atmospheric winds waves and turbulence, meteorology of thetroposphere and the stratosphere, the mesosphere and the aeronomy of the lowerionosphere. Besides lectures also interactive computer training was applied, intense groupand individual discussions were held, and the participants were given opportunity to presentshort papers on their own research or education.The school ISAR-3 was held at the excellent premises of the Abdus Salam InternationalCenter for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), which also provided the majority of funding forthese school activities. Additionally the ISAR-3 was sponsored and funded by the ScientificCommittee on Solar Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) and the International Union of <strong>Radio</strong>Science (URSI). From a total of 140 applicants 28 participants were selected. These werefrom 17, mostly developing, countries.The lecturers, well known as researchers in the MST radar field, were Prof. P. Chilson,USA, Prof. S. Fukao, Japan, Prof. W. Hocking, Canada, Prof. R. Palmer, USA, Prof. S.Radicella, Italy, Prof. D.N. Rao, India, and Prof. J. Röttger, Germany. The latter three actedas school directors.Our thanks are directed to ICTP for providing the funding, facilities, housing, food, administrationand school secretariat as well as outstanding computing support and well-equippedlecture and training halls. This helped very impressively to hold the ISAR-3 in a verysuitable environment and most pleasant atmosphere.34
The highly positive response of the students of ISAR-3 on the performance of this schooland the obvious great demand for this kind of education and training let us hope that wemay have ISAR-4 at the same place in 2004 or 2005.35
Page 1 and 2: MST10Tenth InternationalWORKSHOPOn
Page 3 and 4: MST 10 Group PictureMay 15 th , 200
Page 5 and 6: TENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TEC
Page 7 and 8: Table of ContentsPREFACE ..........
Page 9 and 10: I.2.18 FURTHER OBSERVATIONS OF PMSE
Page 11 and 12: I.3.27 NEW MST RADAR METHODS FOR ME
Page 13 and 14: I.4.19 STUDY OF A MESOSCALE LAND-TO
Page 15 and 16: I.5.502 AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE
Page 17 and 18: PrefaceMST10The Tenth International
Page 19 and 20: and the local organizing committee,
Page 21 and 22: The operational aspects and recent
Page 23 and 24: To improve the understanding of dyn
Page 25 and 26: Improving MST radar resolution by u
Page 27 and 28: latitudes, arguing that the former
Page 29 and 30: Report on Session I.3 “Winds, Wav
Page 31 and 32: Turbulence.The session then moved i
Page 33 and 34: Report on Session I.4 “Meteorolog
Page 35 and 36: Multiple Antenna Profiling Radar (M
Page 37 and 38: Report on Session II “Novel Persp
Page 39: synchronized by GPS and connected v
Page 43 and 44: 10th International Workshop on Tech
Page 45 and 46: 10th International Workshop on Tech
Page 47 and 48: Session I.1: Radar scattering proce
Page 49 and 50: ⎡7800 ∂q⎤(3)⎢ 15500q⎥M =
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2 compares profiles of ω B
Page 53 and 54: Figure 1: Data from the MST radar a
Page 55 and 56: Ri =shear2ωB22⎛ ∂u⎞ ⎛ ∂v
Page 57 and 58: Meridional (deg)1050−5−10Echo P
Page 59 and 60: Subarray Configuration, Capon Metho
Page 61 and 62: Fig. 2 PMSE plot (SOUSY Svalbard Ra
Page 63 and 64: VHF radar interferometry had shown
Page 65 and 66: turbulence. From Figures 1 and 2, i
Page 67 and 68: SummaryFrom the aspect sensitivity
Page 69 and 70: a specific range. In this work, syn
Page 71 and 72: P C(dB)(a) Echo Power60504030200.70
Page 73 and 74: most occidental area of South Ameri
Page 75 and 76: Quegan, 1992). It should be useful
Page 77 and 78: measurements, is shown in figure 1(
Page 79: The present observations thus empha
Page 82 and 83: RECENT OBSERVATIONS OF E REGION FIE
Page 84 and 85: measured spectra in order to separa
Page 86 and 87: drifts at E and F regions heights b
Page 88 and 89: • Are characterized by type II ec
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The main parameters that could be o
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THE ROLE OF UNSTABLE SPORADIC-E LAY
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(σ H / σ P )E y (where σ H and
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STUDY OF A LOW E-REGION QUASI-PERIO
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100 m/syrFigure 4: Geometry of the
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Where the notations carry same mean
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Where dx/dt and dy/dt are the veloc
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non-negativity of the image is prio
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spectrum corresponding to the backs
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The Artigas and Machu-Picchu Statio
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Arguments against the second altern
Page 113 and 114:
Extension of the Kolmogorov spectru
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volumeESRvolumeSSRSSR SSRESR ESRSSR
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individual particles in a statistic
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Anomalous spectraTalkner [4] studie
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To observe the E region FAI echoes,
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matter daytime or nighttime and are
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two sub-arrays, each sub-array made
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4. SummaryHere we describe a radio
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Figure 1. E-region DPS4 spectra, ri
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effects. It is therefore plausible
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1996 and high in 2002). The electri
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electric fields map along the geoma
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SNR condition is always difficult a
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Figure-4 Power spectrum plots of a
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As we show below, Jicamarca offers
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particularly during daytime counter
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where ˆδ nm = (δ l − δ m )
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PMSE is more easily interpreted as
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ResultsTemperature climatology• s
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Simultaneous PMSE and NLC observati
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ResultsSeasonal variationMSE are no
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Figure 2: MSE parameters as functio
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Session I.3: Winds, waves and turbu
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poor. It was shown that poor perfor
Page 161 and 162:
The use of diffraction pattern simi
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F 13 (ξ x ′) = (1 − cos 2ψ N)
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Figure 3: (a) Baseline length depen
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3. ResultsFigure 1 shows the amplit
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variability.Figure 4 shows the aver
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Figure 1. Period-time amplitude wav
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the 12-h and 24-h periodicities in
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winds and variances at altitudes 70
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similar correlation with larger mag
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of the refraction index are not equ
Page 181 and 182:
Fig. 8. Zonal wind (top) and temper
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STUDIES ON ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVE
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1100-1200 hours. From this plot 6.3
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STUDIES ON WINDS AND MOMENTUM FLUXE
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3.4 Monthly variation of momentum f
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DEEP PENETRATIVE CONVECTION AND GEN
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ly changes direction with time with
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189
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191
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193
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These two last relations are the on
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3.2.1 From v ′2 to ɛ kThe questi
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5.2 Frequency distributionsSeveral
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ReferencesAlisse J.-R. and C. Sidi.
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Röttger J. and C.H. Liu. Partial r
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Specular reflection is negligible f
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−0.5C n2 Distribution (PROUST & S
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the beamwidth, α is the zenith ang
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this latitude in late April). Surfa
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Fig. 1. Median (upper) winds and (l
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Fig.1. Lines of constant radial vel
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which have not yet been considered
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is calculated from the radiosonde t
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Figure 3: Time-altitude cross-secti
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Absorption of cosmic noise is cause
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Incoherent scatter spectracompared
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variations of spectral widths, refr
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Figure 1. Diurnal variation of Turb
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further experimental test of the ST
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waves can be observed more clearly
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winter and a minimum in summer near
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The main recently assumed mechanism
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Figure 2. Statistics of numbers of
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LIDAR OBSERVATIONS OF MIDDLE ATMOSP
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latitudinal dependence of the seaso
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APPLICATION OF THE DUAL-BEAMWIDTH M
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Figure 2: Mean zonal and meridional
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JLKLLK/ILIL6II/G/II/G/LEODFLK/LO/DD
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The monthly diurnal mean of horizon
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Session I.4: Meteorological Phenome
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Integration of the VHF wind profile
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Figure 1 : Map of the Lago Maggiore
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precipitating clouds, the cyclonic
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Eyewall(a)(b)(c)(d)Fig. 3: Radius-h
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as low as 0.55. The Piura 50-MHz ra
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place features in the profile with
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• Period 1 (June 1-10): SCCs exis
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Sumatera occurs by stratiform cloud
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very interesting to note the double
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20(a) Convective Region(b) Transiti
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Typhoon LekimaFig. 2 Typhoon Lekima
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Fig. 5 Passage of typhoon Hayan on
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the 50 cm 2 sensor head, enabling t
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22 June 2000 23:22:23 - 23:24:20 at
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the time-height section of a convec
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Thurai, M., T.Iguchi,T. Kozu, J.D.E
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There are two main mechanisms which
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Horel, J.D. and Cornejo-Garrido, A.
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estimating two independent and redu
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RASS THETA (K) RASS v-component (m/
Page 301 and 302:
Surface winds usually range from 10
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weak (maximum of 5 m s -1 ) and the
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The vertical component from the VTB
Page 307 and 308:
Figure 8 shows the profile of virtu
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2 3D ( , ) ( ) ( ) ˆ ( ) ˆp∆ xm
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presented in Praskovsky et al. (200
Page 313 and 314:
In Fig. 2 a sketch of a mountain le
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In Fig. 8 the lamina is aligned on
Page 317 and 318:
Figure 1: composite day (13 days) o
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virtual sensible heat fluxes ( Wm-2
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3. Characteristics of precipitation
Page 323 and 324:
Fig. 3: Horizontal distribution of
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3. Results and discussionUHF profil
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Figure 4. Monthly variation of slop
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system with two receiving antennae,
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cycle of precipitation. Figure 3(a)
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Histogram of Zonal Velocityh=5.13 K
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5. Summary of results and concludin
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the two nearby major cities, Chenna
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Boundary layer height, km32.521.5(a
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Figure 1:Data from the MST radar at
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spectral processing. In this partic
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3. Results and discussionIn the pre
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4. SummaryAn attempt has been made
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The purpose of this study is to exa
Page 351 and 352:
Figure1. Three-day average of momen
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3. The improved method to estimate
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But in case of period until 1800 UT
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Session I.5: Operational Aspects an
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The profilers of WINDAS weredesigne
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NOAA, 1994 : Wind profiler assessme
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FIRST RESULTS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER
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Figure 3. Pulse Design Diagram to s
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MOVEABLE UHF/S-BAND PROFILER/DISDRO
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one-minute Z values determined from
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TOWARD A MULTISENSOR GROUND BASED R
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3. Cloud Evolution Case StudyOn the
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DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL RECEIVER F
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Experiment 1 Experiment 2IPP 999Km
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ELECTRONIC DIGITAL BEAMFORMING IMPL
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The main element of the unit (figur
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.ON-LINE ADAPTIVE DC-GROUND-CLUTTER
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esulting in a widening of the bandw
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ON THE RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF COCO
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Table 2: Experiment #1 results, Tra
Page 391 and 392:
A NEW NARROW BEAM MF RADAR AT 3 MHZ
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Off-zenith beams towards N, S, E, W
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95ALWIN VHF radar: signal powerdB80
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ANTENNA BEAM VERIFICATION USING COS
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Figure 2: A 45 MHz reference sky te
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AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE UHF STR
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is at 4.7 km, but in the first 4-ga
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QUALITY CONTROL FOR DOPPLER WIND PR
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The resulting moments are subjected
Page 409 and 410:
SOUSY RADAR AT JICAMARCA: SYSTEM DE
Page 411 and 412:
NEControl andcomputer roomCompCoute
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THE EQUATORIAL ATMOSPHERE RADAR:SYS
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Table 1: Specifications of the EAR
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VHF ATMOSPHERIC AND METEOR RADAR IN
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ased upon a geotechnical engineerin
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VORTICAL MOTIONS OBSERVED WITH THE
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interpolation from the original gri
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A NEW MINIRADAR TO INVESTIGATE URBA
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e eliminated to analyze correctly t
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Session PWG 1: System Calibrations
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Session PWG 2: Data Analysis, Valid
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• the time series vectors x(k) of
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Fig. 4: reflectivity of the hydrome
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Session PWG 3: Accuracies and Requi
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Session PWG 4: International Collab
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Session II.E: NOVEL PERSPECTIVES AN
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2 Proposed AlgorithmReceived signal
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N#4E-1-16E1A1#1#2A-1-1C1#3C-1-19Fig
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of conventional DCMP, with which th
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applying the directional constraint
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while for a beam of finite width, t
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In order to make the process more q
Page 455 and 456:
WHAT IS TURBULENCE SEEN BY VHF RADA
Page 457 and 458:
Enhanced resolution applyingpulse s
Page 459 and 460:
Beckmann, Spizichino, 1964Fig. 8 Po
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Fig. 11 Plots of temporal variation
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Fig. 14 Distributions of phase cent
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Hocking, W.K., Radar studies of sma
Page 467 and 468:
THE STRUCTURE FUNCTION-BASED APPROA
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{ Ui( t), Vi( t), Wi( t)} = { Ui ,
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161). Assumption 2H: the instantane
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Only the second order SF are consid
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fluctuations umk( t ) along the bas
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VHF PARASITIC RADAR INTERFEROMETRYF
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• All the costs of transmitter pr
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Figure 2: Example of range-azimuth
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Target Altitude, km1009080706050403
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ReferencesGriffiths, H. D., A. J. G
Page 487 and 488:
Participants ListAvery, James P.Uni
Page 489 and 490:
Hysell, David L.EAS/Cornell Univers
Page 491 and 492:
Silva, Robert R.ATRADAustraliarsilv
Page 493 and 494:
AAdachi, A. .......................
Page 495:
TTabary, P. .......................
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