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1501401302.4kmMainDCMPPower [dB]1201101009080-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25Doppler Frequency [m/s]Figure 3: Doppler echo power spectrum at the range of 2.4km processed with conventionalDCMP algorithm.1501401302.4kmMainDCMP-CNPower [dB]1201101009080-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25Doppler Frequency [m/s]Figure 4: Doppler echo power spectrum at the range of 2.4km processed with the proposedDCMP-CN algorithm.440
of conventional DCMP, with which the clutter is suppressed with a penalty of increased noiselevel.Fig. 4 shows the same spectrum processed with the proposed DCMP-CN algorithm. Thesolid line exactly follows the desired signal component by rejecting the clutter componentonly. It should be noted that we assume no information on the echo power spectrum such asthe narrow clutter spectrum. It is therefore possible to cancel not only the DC clutter, but alsoclutters with fading as far as its time constant is long enough compared to the time required toobtain the covariance matrix.The increased noise level with the conventional algorithm is due to large weight of the subarrayelements, which enhanced the galactic noise level and also atmospheric echoes enteringlow elevation sidelobes, which spreads out in a broad Doppler spectrum. On the other hand, theproposed DCMP-CN algorithm effectively suppresses such increase by controlling the weightof the sub-array elements. This example clearly demonstrates the usefulness of adaptivelycontrolling the antenna pattern with a sub-array configuration.It should be noted that the adaptive cancellation needs to be applied separately for differentrange gates and beam directions. In this manner, clutters from various directions canbe suppressed with a small number of sub-array elements, as far as they have different rangefrom the radar. As the computational load of the proposed algorithm is very light, more than1,000 time series corresponding to different range gates and beam directions can be handledsimultaneously with a personal computer.6 Considerations on the ConstraintsIn the previous section, we set the maximum norm constraint Í to 0.5. Here we examine theappropriate range of this value, and also the relative importance of the norm constraint over thedirectional constraint.The proposed DCMP-CN algorithm has an advantage that the control parameter Í can bechosen regardless to the strength of the desired and undesired signals, since it is determinedsimply by the relative pattern of the main and sub-array antennas. However, there is a certainrange of Í that gives the best performance.If we set Í to a too large value, the DCMP-CN algorithm approaches to DCMP, and thusbecomes unable to suppress the increase of the noise level as shown in Fig. 3. On the otherhand, if we set Í to a too small value, the algorithm may not be able to cancel the cluttercomponent by the combined output of sub-array elements.We first consider a case where the output of a sub-array element is added to that of the mainarray consisting of Å elements. We assume that the sub-array element is the same as that ofthe main array, and the output is in phase for the main beam direction. Also, in Eq. (10) weimplicitly assumed that the output of the sub-array element is normalized to that of the mainarray at the uniform-gain level. At VHF range, where the noise is dominated by the galacticbackground radiation, it is equivalent to normalize them by their noise level.In this case, the signal power after adding the sub-array element increases by ´ÔÅ·½µ ¾times, while the noise level increases by a factor of 2. The gain of the signal-to-noise ratio byadding a sub-array element is thus given by ËÆÊ ´ÔÅ·½µ ¾¾ (13)which is roughly -3dB for a large Å.Next we consider a more general case where the sub-array element has a relative gain of × in the main beam direction of the main-array element, the output power of the sub-array441
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MST10Tenth InternationalWORKSHOPOn
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MST 10 Group PictureMay 15 th , 200
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TENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TEC
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Table of ContentsPREFACE ..........
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I.2.18 FURTHER OBSERVATIONS OF PMSE
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I.3.27 NEW MST RADAR METHODS FOR ME
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I.4.19 STUDY OF A MESOSCALE LAND-TO
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I.5.502 AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE
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PrefaceMST10The Tenth International
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and the local organizing committee,
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The operational aspects and recent
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To improve the understanding of dyn
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Improving MST radar resolution by u
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latitudes, arguing that the former
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Report on Session I.3 “Winds, Wav
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Turbulence.The session then moved i
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Report on Session I.4 “Meteorolog
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Multiple Antenna Profiling Radar (M
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Report on Session II “Novel Persp
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synchronized by GPS and connected v
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The highly positive response of the
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10th International Workshop on Tech
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10th International Workshop on Tech
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Session I.1: Radar scattering proce
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⎡7800 ∂q⎤(3)⎢ 15500q⎥M =
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Figure 2 compares profiles of ω B
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Figure 1: Data from the MST radar a
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Ri =shear2ωB22⎛ ∂u⎞ ⎛ ∂v
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Meridional (deg)1050−5−10Echo P
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Subarray Configuration, Capon Metho
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Fig. 2 PMSE plot (SOUSY Svalbard Ra
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VHF radar interferometry had shown
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turbulence. From Figures 1 and 2, i
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SummaryFrom the aspect sensitivity
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a specific range. In this work, syn
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P C(dB)(a) Echo Power60504030200.70
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most occidental area of South Ameri
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Quegan, 1992). It should be useful
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measurements, is shown in figure 1(
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The present observations thus empha
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RECENT OBSERVATIONS OF E REGION FIE
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measured spectra in order to separa
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drifts at E and F regions heights b
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• Are characterized by type II ec
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The main parameters that could be o
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THE ROLE OF UNSTABLE SPORADIC-E LAY
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(σ H / σ P )E y (where σ H and
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STUDY OF A LOW E-REGION QUASI-PERIO
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100 m/syrFigure 4: Geometry of the
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Where the notations carry same mean
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Where dx/dt and dy/dt are the veloc
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non-negativity of the image is prio
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spectrum corresponding to the backs
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The Artigas and Machu-Picchu Statio
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Arguments against the second altern
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Extension of the Kolmogorov spectru
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volumeESRvolumeSSRSSR SSRESR ESRSSR
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individual particles in a statistic
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Anomalous spectraTalkner [4] studie
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To observe the E region FAI echoes,
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matter daytime or nighttime and are
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two sub-arrays, each sub-array made
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4. SummaryHere we describe a radio
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Figure 1. E-region DPS4 spectra, ri
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effects. It is therefore plausible
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1996 and high in 2002). The electri
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electric fields map along the geoma
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SNR condition is always difficult a
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Figure-4 Power spectrum plots of a
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As we show below, Jicamarca offers
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particularly during daytime counter
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where ˆδ nm = (δ l − δ m )
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PMSE is more easily interpreted as
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ResultsTemperature climatology• s
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Simultaneous PMSE and NLC observati
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ResultsSeasonal variationMSE are no
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Figure 2: MSE parameters as functio
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Session I.3: Winds, waves and turbu
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poor. It was shown that poor perfor
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The use of diffraction pattern simi
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F 13 (ξ x ′) = (1 − cos 2ψ N)
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Figure 3: (a) Baseline length depen
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3. ResultsFigure 1 shows the amplit
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variability.Figure 4 shows the aver
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Figure 1. Period-time amplitude wav
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the 12-h and 24-h periodicities in
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winds and variances at altitudes 70
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similar correlation with larger mag
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of the refraction index are not equ
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Fig. 8. Zonal wind (top) and temper
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STUDIES ON ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVE
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1100-1200 hours. From this plot 6.3
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STUDIES ON WINDS AND MOMENTUM FLUXE
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3.4 Monthly variation of momentum f
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DEEP PENETRATIVE CONVECTION AND GEN
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ly changes direction with time with
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189
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191
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193
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These two last relations are the on
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3.2.1 From v ′2 to ɛ kThe questi
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5.2 Frequency distributionsSeveral
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ReferencesAlisse J.-R. and C. Sidi.
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Röttger J. and C.H. Liu. Partial r
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Specular reflection is negligible f
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−0.5C n2 Distribution (PROUST & S
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the beamwidth, α is the zenith ang
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this latitude in late April). Surfa
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Fig. 1. Median (upper) winds and (l
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Fig.1. Lines of constant radial vel
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which have not yet been considered
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is calculated from the radiosonde t
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Figure 3: Time-altitude cross-secti
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Absorption of cosmic noise is cause
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Incoherent scatter spectracompared
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variations of spectral widths, refr
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Figure 1. Diurnal variation of Turb
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further experimental test of the ST
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waves can be observed more clearly
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winter and a minimum in summer near
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The main recently assumed mechanism
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Figure 2. Statistics of numbers of
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LIDAR OBSERVATIONS OF MIDDLE ATMOSP
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latitudinal dependence of the seaso
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APPLICATION OF THE DUAL-BEAMWIDTH M
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Figure 2: Mean zonal and meridional
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JLKLLK/ILIL6II/G/II/G/LEODFLK/LO/DD
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The monthly diurnal mean of horizon
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Session I.4: Meteorological Phenome
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Integration of the VHF wind profile
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Figure 1 : Map of the Lago Maggiore
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precipitating clouds, the cyclonic
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Eyewall(a)(b)(c)(d)Fig. 3: Radius-h
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as low as 0.55. The Piura 50-MHz ra
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place features in the profile with
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• Period 1 (June 1-10): SCCs exis
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Sumatera occurs by stratiform cloud
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very interesting to note the double
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20(a) Convective Region(b) Transiti
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Typhoon LekimaFig. 2 Typhoon Lekima
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Fig. 5 Passage of typhoon Hayan on
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the 50 cm 2 sensor head, enabling t
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22 June 2000 23:22:23 - 23:24:20 at
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the time-height section of a convec
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Thurai, M., T.Iguchi,T. Kozu, J.D.E
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There are two main mechanisms which
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Horel, J.D. and Cornejo-Garrido, A.
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estimating two independent and redu
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RASS THETA (K) RASS v-component (m/
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Surface winds usually range from 10
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weak (maximum of 5 m s -1 ) and the
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The vertical component from the VTB
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Figure 8 shows the profile of virtu
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2 3D ( , ) ( ) ( ) ˆ ( ) ˆp∆ xm
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presented in Praskovsky et al. (200
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In Fig. 2 a sketch of a mountain le
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In Fig. 8 the lamina is aligned on
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Figure 1: composite day (13 days) o
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virtual sensible heat fluxes ( Wm-2
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3. Characteristics of precipitation
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Fig. 3: Horizontal distribution of
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3. Results and discussionUHF profil
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Figure 4. Monthly variation of slop
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system with two receiving antennae,
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cycle of precipitation. Figure 3(a)
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Histogram of Zonal Velocityh=5.13 K
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5. Summary of results and concludin
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the two nearby major cities, Chenna
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Boundary layer height, km32.521.5(a
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Figure 1:Data from the MST radar at
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spectral processing. In this partic
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3. Results and discussionIn the pre
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4. SummaryAn attempt has been made
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The purpose of this study is to exa
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Figure1. Three-day average of momen
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3. The improved method to estimate
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But in case of period until 1800 UT
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Session I.5: Operational Aspects an
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The profilers of WINDAS weredesigne
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NOAA, 1994 : Wind profiler assessme
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FIRST RESULTS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER
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Figure 3. Pulse Design Diagram to s
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MOVEABLE UHF/S-BAND PROFILER/DISDRO
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one-minute Z values determined from
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TOWARD A MULTISENSOR GROUND BASED R
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3. Cloud Evolution Case StudyOn the
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DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL RECEIVER F
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Experiment 1 Experiment 2IPP 999Km
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ELECTRONIC DIGITAL BEAMFORMING IMPL
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The main element of the unit (figur
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.ON-LINE ADAPTIVE DC-GROUND-CLUTTER
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esulting in a widening of the bandw
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ON THE RADIATION EFFICIENCY OF COCO
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Table 2: Experiment #1 results, Tra
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A NEW NARROW BEAM MF RADAR AT 3 MHZ
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Off-zenith beams towards N, S, E, W
Page 395 and 396: 95ALWIN VHF radar: signal powerdB80
Page 397 and 398: ANTENNA BEAM VERIFICATION USING COS
Page 399 and 400: Figure 2: A 45 MHz reference sky te
Page 401 and 402: AN ATTEMPT TO CALIBRATE THE UHF STR
Page 403 and 404: is at 4.7 km, but in the first 4-ga
Page 405 and 406: QUALITY CONTROL FOR DOPPLER WIND PR
Page 407 and 408: The resulting moments are subjected
Page 409 and 410: SOUSY RADAR AT JICAMARCA: SYSTEM DE
Page 411 and 412: NEControl andcomputer roomCompCoute
Page 413 and 414: THE EQUATORIAL ATMOSPHERE RADAR:SYS
Page 415 and 416: Table 1: Specifications of the EAR
Page 417 and 418: VHF ATMOSPHERIC AND METEOR RADAR IN
Page 419 and 420: ased upon a geotechnical engineerin
Page 421 and 422: VORTICAL MOTIONS OBSERVED WITH THE
Page 423 and 424: interpolation from the original gri
Page 425 and 426: A NEW MINIRADAR TO INVESTIGATE URBA
Page 427 and 428: e eliminated to analyze correctly t
Page 429 and 430: Session PWG 1: System Calibrations
Page 431 and 432: Session PWG 2: Data Analysis, Valid
Page 433 and 434: • the time series vectors x(k) of
Page 435 and 436: Fig. 4: reflectivity of the hydrome
Page 437 and 438: Session PWG 3: Accuracies and Requi
Page 439 and 440: Session PWG 4: International Collab
Page 441 and 442: Session II.E: NOVEL PERSPECTIVES AN
Page 443 and 444: 2 Proposed AlgorithmReceived signal
Page 445: N#4E-1-16E1A1#1#2A-1-1C1#3C-1-19Fig
Page 449 and 450: applying the directional constraint
Page 451 and 452: while for a beam of finite width, t
Page 453 and 454: In order to make the process more q
Page 455 and 456: WHAT IS TURBULENCE SEEN BY VHF RADA
Page 457 and 458: Enhanced resolution applyingpulse s
Page 459 and 460: Beckmann, Spizichino, 1964Fig. 8 Po
Page 461 and 462: Fig. 11 Plots of temporal variation
Page 463 and 464: Fig. 14 Distributions of phase cent
Page 465 and 466: Hocking, W.K., Radar studies of sma
Page 467 and 468: THE STRUCTURE FUNCTION-BASED APPROA
Page 469 and 470: { Ui( t), Vi( t), Wi( t)} = { Ui ,
Page 471 and 472: 161). Assumption 2H: the instantane
Page 473 and 474: Only the second order SF are consid
Page 475 and 476: fluctuations umk( t ) along the bas
Page 477 and 478: VHF PARASITIC RADAR INTERFEROMETRYF
Page 479 and 480: • All the costs of transmitter pr
Page 481 and 482: Figure 2: Example of range-azimuth
Page 483 and 484: Target Altitude, km1009080706050403
Page 485 and 486: ReferencesGriffiths, H. D., A. J. G
Page 487 and 488: Participants ListAvery, James P.Uni
Page 489 and 490: Hysell, David L.EAS/Cornell Univers
Page 491 and 492: Silva, Robert R.ATRADAustraliarsilv
Page 493 and 494: AAdachi, A. .......................
Page 495: TTabary, P. .......................
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