Lecture Notes for Analog Electronics - The Electronic Universe ...

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-100 V Reverse Biased + - I 10 mA 1 μΑ 0.7 V Forward Biased + - Figure 15: The V -I behavior of a diode. 19 V
Class Notes 5 5 Transistors and Transistor Circuits Although I will not follow the text in detail for the discussion of transistors, I will follow the text’s philosophy. Unless one gets into device fabrication, it is generally not important to understand the inner workings of transistors. This is difficult, and the descriptions which one gets by getting into the intrinsic properties are not particularly satisfying. Rather, it is usually enough to understand the extrinsic properties of transistors, treating them for the most part as a black box, with a little discussion about the subtleties which arise from within the black box. In practice, one usually confronts transistors as components of pre-packaged circuits, for example in the operational amplifier circuits which we will study later. However, I have found that it is very useful to understand transistor behavior even if one rarely builds a transistor circuit in practice. The ability to analyze the circuit of an instrument or device is quite valuable. We will start, as with Chapter 2 of the text, with bipolar transistors. There are other common technologies used, particularly FET’s, which we will discuss later. However, most of what you know can be carried over directly by analogy. Also, we will assume npn type transistors, except where it is necessary to discuss pnp. For circuit calculations, one simply reverses all signs of relevant currents and voltages in order to translate npn to pnp. 5.1 Connections and Operating Mode Below we have the basic connection definitions for bipolar transistors as taken from the text. As indicated in the figure, and as you determined in lab, the base-emitter and base-collector pairs behave somewhat like diodes. Do not take this too literally. In particular, for the basecollector pair this description is far off the mark. We will refer to the transistor connections as C, B, andE. Figure 16: Bipolar transistor connections. 20
Page 1 and 2: Lecture Notes for Analog Electronic
Page 3 and 4: 1.2.1 Resistors in series I3 I1 I2
Page 5 and 6: The goal is to deduce VTH and RTH t
Page 7 and 8: Thus, we should try to keep the rat
Page 9 and 10: Note that in this case Vin can be a
Page 11 and 12: Thus, we have an expression of the
Page 13 and 14: The decibel scale works as follows:
Page 15 and 16: The general solution is then the re
Page 17 and 18: Vin L C Figure 12: A RLC circuit. S
Page 19: A diode is fabricated from a pn jun
Page 23 and 24: 5.1.2 Transistor Switch and Saturat
Page 25 and 26: Class Notes 6 Following our discuss
Page 27 and 28: V in C R 1 R 2 V cc R C R E V out F
Page 29 and 30: In 1 and similarly for output 2 R C
Page 31 and 32: Class Notes 8 5.8 More on Transisto
Page 33 and 34: We see that IC is not intrinsically
Page 35 and 36: Hence, variations in β are attenua
Page 37 and 38: 2. The inputs draw no current. ( Th
Page 39 and 40: Perhaps the best way to beat these
Page 41 and 42: 6.6.1 Gain IN C - + R OUT Figure 34
Page 43 and 44: Therefore, the efect of the closed
Page 45 and 46: 7 Comparator Circuits 7.1 Simple Co
Page 47 and 48: V h Vl +5 v in V out Figure 40: Exa
Page 49 and 50: 8 Radio Basics Class Notes 11 In th
Page 51 and 52: of interest are actually in a narro
Page 53 and 54: ≈ cos ωct − Ap sin ωct cos ω

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