imperfecta, cleidocranial dysplasia, pycnodysostosis,hypothyroidism and rarer syndromessuch as <strong>pro</strong>geria or Rothmund–Thompson syndrome is highly unlikely inview of the other distinctive clinical (phenotype)and radiographic features characteristicof these conditions.Reference1. Brennan AM, Pauli RM. Hajdu-Cheneysyndrome: evolution of phenotype and clinical<strong>pro</strong>blems. Am J Med Genet, 100, 2001, p. 292–310.2. Brown DM, Bradford DS, Gorlin RJet la. The acro-osteolysis syndrome: morphologicand biochemical studies. J Pediatr, 88, 1976,p. 573–80.3. Diren HB, Kovanlikaya I, Suller A,Dicle O. The Hajdu-Cheney syndrome: a casereport and review of the literature. PediatrRadiol, 20, 1990, p. 568–9.4. Hajdu N, Kauntzer R. Craniskeletaldysplasia. Brit J Radiol, 21, 1948, p. 42–48.5. Hermann J, Zugibe FT, Gilbert EF,Opitz JM. Arthro-dento-osteo dysplasia (Hajdu-Cheney syndrome). Review of a genetic „Acro-Osteolysis“ syndrome. Z. Kinderheilkd, 114,1973, p. 93–110.6. Cheyney WD. Acroostelysis. Am JRoentgenol, 94, 1965, p. 595–607.7. Marik I, Kuklik M, Zemkova D,Kozlowski K. Hajdu-Cheney syndrome:Report of a family and a short literature review.Australas Radiol, 50, 2006, p. 534–538.8. Marik I, Kuklik M, Kozlowski K.Hajdu-Cheney syndrome. In: Vybrané kazuistikyv reumatológii, 2 diel, Ed. J. Rovensky, K.Pavelka, L. Plank, I. Lazurova a kol. Bratislava,Slovak Academic Press s.r.o, 2009, p. 468–484.9. Nishimura G, Aoki K, Haga N,Hasegawa T. Syringohydromyelia in Hajdu-Cheney syndrome. Pediatr Radiol 1996; 26: 59–61.10. Papavasiliou CG, Gargano FP, WallsWL. Idiopathic nonfamilial acro-osteolysisassociated with other bone abnormalities. AJR83,1960; 687–91.11. Rosenmann E, Penchas S, Cohen T,Aviade I. Sporadic idiopathic acro-osteolysiswith cranio-skeletal dysplasia, polycystic kidneysand gromerulonephrirtis. A case of Hajdu-Cheneysyndrome. Pediatr Radiol 6, 1977;116–20.12. Shaw DG. Acro-osteolysis and bone fragility.Br J Radiol, 42, 1969, p. 934–36.13. Spranger JW, Brill PW, Poznanski A.Hajdu-Cheney Osteolysis. In: Bone Dysplasias.An Atlas of Genetic Disorders of SkeletalDevelopment, 2 nd Ed. Oxford, New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 2002, p. 585–87.14. Taybi H, Lachman RS. Hajdu-Cheney syndrome.In: Radiology of Syndromes, MetabolicDisorders, and Skeletal Dysplasias, 4 th ed., St.Louis, Baltimore: Mosby, 1996, p. 210–211.15. Zeman J, Houstkova H, Kozlowski K.Hajdu-Cheney syndrome in a 31/2 year-old girl.Australas Radiol, 38, 1994, p. 228–30.Author addressDoc. MUDr. Ivo Mařík, CSc.ambul_centrum@volny.cz12LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM vol. 17, <strong>2010</strong>, No. <strong>1+2</strong>
Souborné referáty reviewsSkeletal Injuries and Orthopedicsin Ancient EgyptSaid Galal ZakiAssiut University, EgyptEgypt had <strong>pro</strong>fessional class of doctorsas early as the Old Kingdom, five thousandyears ago. There were also specialists indifferent branches of medicine. They hadsuch a good reputation throughout theworld that numerous princes and sovereignswent to consult them. Priests andmagicians were concerned in primaryhealth care, although perhaps in an inferiorcapacity¹.Mummified bodies, wall paintingsand skeletal remains have shown someof the orthopedic practices of that time.Reduction of fractures by manipulation,either unaided or with the help of pads,cushions, etc. was practiced with greatskill. Fractures were splinted by pieces ofbark or wood, padded with linen (Fig. 1).The bandage was first dipped in powderedbeans or barely mixed with honey andresins that stiffen it after it dries.² Thereare many examples of healed fractures ofthe long bones that have united with perfectalignment, that it is barely possibleto discern the fracture lines. This is particularlyimpressive in a case of obliquefracture of the femur in an adult, whichunited without any over-riding. It is notclear how the ancient Egyptian couldarrange sustained traction to prevent this(Fig. 2). In general, treatment of fracturesof the upper limb was fairly good,but fractures of the lower limb left someshortening.In a painting from Ipuy’s tomb, RamsesII’s sculptor, a person setting the shoulderof a <strong>pro</strong>strate workman is depicted(Fig. 3), which is similar to the methoddevised by Kocher for reducing dislocatedshoulders, three thousand years later³. Thisdrawing is taken now as the emblem of theEgyptian Orthopedic Association.Probably the oldest medical treatiseever written is Edwin Smith surgical papyrus,which dates to about the thirties centuryB.C., the time of pyramid building.The author is commonly believed to beImhotep. It was translated from Hieratic(cursive style of writing hieroglyphic) toEnglish by Prof. J. Breasted 4. In this papyrus,forty-eight cases, mostly traumaticwere pragmatically described, free fromany magic. The author instructs the treatingphysician first to listen to the patient’ssymptoms and then to examine him usinghis eyes and hands. After reaching a diagnosishe makes a declaration: an ailmentwhich I would treat, an ailment whichI would contend and an ailment whichI would not treat. After that the treatmentis described, even of cases which weredeclared hopeless, he nevertheless treatedaccording to his best ability. This formal,structured and logical ap<strong>pro</strong>ach is veryPOHYBOVÉ ÚSTROJÍ, ročník 17, <strong>2010</strong>, č. <strong>1+2</strong> 13
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points. The acceleration of gravity
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