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PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTION:BIOGEOCHEMISTRY IN EXTREME SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENTSSCIENTIFIC IMPACTSThe proposed research will expand our understanding of biogeochemical processes, properties,and possibly discover new organisms with distinct function and geochemical impact underextreme conditions. Exploration of the biogeochemistry promoted by these microorganisms atthe most fundamental level will certainly identify novel enzymatic and bio-interfacial reactionsthat impact the speciation and chemical form of trace constituents and radionuclides, and thetopography and chemistry of associated reactive surfaces.At a higher scale, the research will develop new, basic knowledge of how subsurface microbes,biofilms, and communities develop, evolve, and select under modified conditions (T, Bq, H 2 ,CO 2 ) resulting from deep geologic waste isolation. Microorganism influences on radionuclidevalence and distribution between fluid and immobile phases under extreme conditions will beelucidated for comparison to established knowledge bases for geomicrobiological processesunder ambient conditions. The development of new microscopic models that explicitly coupleintracellular energetics and metabolism with (i) biodirected reactivity at the cell- or biofilmmineralinterface and (ii) linked extracellular abiotic reactions of different types will providefundamental new insights on the interplay of geomicrobiologic and geochemical processes.TECHNOLOGY IMPACTSThe described basic research on geomicrobiological processes in perturbed deep environmentswill provide insights and knowledge necessary to develop:• Waste form stability and release models that incorporate potentially significant microbiologicinfluences• Reactive transport models for radionuclide or other contaminant transport downgradient ofrepositories that account for geomicrobiological influences on solids, surfaces and waters,radionuclide valence, and tendency of radionuclides to associate with immobile solids byprecipitation or adsorptionOverall, more robust and realistic performance and risk assessment will emerge, and will accountfor the importance of ubiquitous subsurface life forms.While primarily focused on migration of radionuclides, this topic will also contribute to theresolution of geomicrobiological issues associated with carbon management. These issuesinclude, but are not limited, to microbial influences on reservoir permeability and carbonateprecipitation. Knowledge will be developed that will allow explicit modeling of biogeochemicalprocesses for performance assessment.A research focus on molecular and microscopic processes at the mineral-microbe interfacerepresents a new, important direction for geomicrobiology that has traditionally been anobservational science. New discoveries related to microorganism biomachinery and structuresthat control the rates and products of subsurface biogeochemical reactions will occur that willtransform the field. Applications of this information to other energy-related uses of the deepsubsurface are inevitable.152 Basic Research Needs for Geosciences: Facilitating 21 st Century Energy Systems
CROSSCUTTING ISSUESTHE MICROSCOPIC BASIS OF MACROSCOPIC COMPLEXITYHIGHLY REACTIVE SUBSURFACE MATERIALS ANDENVIRONMENTSTHERMODYNAMICS OF THE SOLUTE-TO-SOLID CONTINUUMBasic Research Needs for Geosciences: Facilitating 21 st Century Energy Systems 153
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TABLE OF CONTENTSBasic Science Chal
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TABLE OF CONTENTSTechnology Impacts
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYpurpose of linking
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONWorldwide e
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INTRODUCTIONway into the rock forma
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PANEL REPORTSMULTIPHASE FLUID TRANS
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PANEL REPORT: MULTIPHASE FLUID TRAN
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PANEL REPORT: CHEMICAL MIGRATION PR
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PANEL REPORT: SUBSURFACE CHARACTERI
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PANEL REPORT: MODELING AND SIMULATI
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66 Basic Research Needs for Geoscie
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GRAND CHALLENGE: COMPUTATIONAL THER
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GRAND CHALLENGE:INTEGRATED CHARACTE
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GRAND CHALLENGE: SIMULATION OF MULT
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Page 122 and 123: PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTION:MINERAL
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Page 170 and 171: CROSSCUTTING ISSUE:THE MICROSOPIC B
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Page 174 and 175: CROSSCUTTING ISSUE:HIGHLY REACTIVE
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Page 184 and 185: REFERENCESBenner, S.G., Hansel, C.M
Page 186 and 187: REFERENCESChen, J., Hubbard, S., Pe
Page 188 and 189: REFERENCESEnnis-King, J., Preston,
Page 190 and 191: REFERENCESHolman, H.-Y., Perry, D.L
Page 192 and 193: REFERENCESLi, L., and Tchelepi, H.A
Page 194 and 195: REFERENCESNeal, A.L., Techkarnjanar
Page 196 and 197: REFERENCESReeves, P.C., and Celia,
Page 198 and 199: REFERENCESSteefel, C.I., DePaolo, D
Page 200 and 201: REFERENCESZachara, J.M., Ainsworth,
Page 202 and 203: AppendicesBasic Research Needs for
Page 204 and 205: APPENDIX 1: TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVES
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APPENDIX 1: TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVES
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APPENDIX 2: WORKSHOP PROGRAMThursda
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Basic Research Needs for Geoscience
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APPENDIX 4: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATI
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