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PANEL REPORT: CHEMICAL MIGRATION PROCESSES IN GEOLOGIC MEDIAreaction and transport across this scale range, both quantitatively and rigorously, throughachievement of the research goals described in this panel report.The five targeted areas for new basic research in the geosciences identified by this panel shouldproduce the necessary knowledge that will allow the U.S. Department of Energy to fulfill itscharge to accurately anticipate the long-term safety potential for any chosen repository of energybyproducts.32 Basic Research Needs for Geosciences: Facilitating 21 st Century Energy Systems
PANEL REPORT: SUBSURFACE CHARACTERIZATIONSUBSURFACE CHARACTERIZATIONCURRENT STATUSOverviewThe subsurface is spatially heterogeneous because of the complex geologic and biogeochemicalphenomena that create and modify subsurface materials and processes. Since the first well wasdrilled, design and management of resource recovery or emplacement systems has beenhampered by the difficulty of characterizing subsurface complexity. Consequently, predictions ofmass transport and reactions are often too uncertain to provide meaningful estimates of risks inthe contexts of human health, society, economics and the environment.Subsurface characterization is a broad topic that could be construed to encompass most of thetopics discussed in the other panel reports. The methods and research needs discussed hereinpertain to the entire subsurface, including the vadose zone, fresh groundwater systems and deepsaline systems. The panel focussed on those aspects of characterization that present the mostdifficult obstacles to progress in subsurface science and resource management:1. Measurement or estimation at the appropriate scales of state variables such as fluid pressure,temperature, solute concentration, and fluid saturation, and geologic media properties such aspermeability, porosity, capillary pressure or retention curves, geomechanical characteristics,and chemical reactivity. More effective subsurface characterization would not focus solely onthe usual point- or local-scale measurement of these attributes, but rather on larger scale ormultiscale measurements that might obviate the need for upscaling or downscaling, orprovide unprecedented reduction in model non-uniqueness (e.g., spatially continuousmeasurement of pressure and temperature, in situ measurement of field-scale reaction rateswith novel tracer methods).2. Understanding the interaction of physical fields, such as elastic waves or electromagneticdisturbances, with geologic media sufficiently to use these physical fields in multiscalecharacterization of the state variables and media properties. These interacting physical fieldsare complicated because small-scale properties of the medium influence the behavior of thefield at a much larger scale. Currently the theory that connects the small-scale properties tothe larger-scale field is inadequate for many characterization purposes.3. Fusion of disparate data types (e.g., geologic, geophysical, hydrologic, reservoir, biogeochemical)obtained at disparate scales to maximize reliability of characterization atappropriate scales. This hurdle requires substantial advances in forward modeling of couplednonlinear processes, joint inversion of coupled process models, and evaluation of cumulativeuncertainties stemming from local uncertainties contributed by each coupled model.4. Characterizing the extremes in fluid flow fields—namely, zones of preferential flow in whichfluids can migrate much faster than conventional estimates might suggest, and zones ofextremely slow fluid movement. The former would include conductive faults and wellconnectedfractures or sand/gravel bodies. The latter would include confining beds, aquitardsand seals. Because such preferential flow paths can be so consequential to material isolationefforts and exposure risk assessments, and because they are difficult to detect or anticipate,research focus on this area is paramount. Similarly, spatial structure and integrity of theBasic Research Needs for Geosciences: Facilitating 21 st Century Energy Systems 33
Page 6 and 7: TABLE OF CONTENTSBasic Science Chal
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTSTechnology Impacts
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYpurpose of linking
Page 15 and 16: INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONWorldwide e
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTIONway into the rock forma
Page 19 and 20: PANEL REPORTSMULTIPHASE FLUID TRANS
Page 21: PANEL REPORT: MULTIPHASE FLUID TRAN
Page 24 and 25: PANEL REPORT: MULTIPHASE FLUID TRAN
Page 38 and 39: PANEL REPORT: CHEMICAL MIGRATION PR
Page 48 and 49: PANEL REPORT: SUBSURFACE CHARACTERI
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Page 64 and 65: PANEL REPORT: MODELING AND SIMULATI
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Page 82 and 83: GRAND CHALLENGE: COMPUTATIONAL THER
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GRAND CHALLENGE:INTEGRATED CHARACTE
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GRAND CHALLENGE: SIMULATION OF MULT
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PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTION:MINERAL
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PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTION:NANOPAR
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PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTION:DYNAMIC
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PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTION: TRANSP
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PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTION:FLUID-I
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PRIORITY RESEARCH DIRECTION:BIOGEOC
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CROSSCUTTING ISSUE:THE MICROSOPIC B
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CROSSCUTTING ISSUE:THE MICROSOPIC B
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CROSSCUTTING ISSUE:HIGHLY REACTIVE
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CROSSCUTTING ISSUE:THERMODYNAMICS O
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CROSSCUTTING ISSUE:THERMODYNAMICS O
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REFERENCESBenner, S.G., Hansel, C.M
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REFERENCESChen, J., Hubbard, S., Pe
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REFERENCESEnnis-King, J., Preston,
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REFERENCESHolman, H.-Y., Perry, D.L
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REFERENCESLi, L., and Tchelepi, H.A
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REFERENCESNeal, A.L., Techkarnjanar
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REFERENCESReeves, P.C., and Celia,
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REFERENCESSteefel, C.I., DePaolo, D
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REFERENCESZachara, J.M., Ainsworth,
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AppendicesBasic Research Needs for
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APPENDIX 1: TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVES
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APPENDIX 2: WORKSHOP PROGRAMThursda
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APPENDIX 4: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATI
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