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technologies respectively. The responses of farmers were categorized into low (0-2), medium(3-5) and high (6-7) based on the score ranges. The difference between trained and untrainedfarmers’ practices was compared using frequency, percentage and chi-square was calculatedat significant value of 1% (p=0.005) as indicated in Appendix Table 2. Trained farmers hadfrequent contacts with facilitators during the training periods that result in to higherknowledge in promoting diverse commodities practices in their locality. This was inagreement with the findings of Babur (2009) who stated that the management practices ofcoffee by FFS member farmers were significantly higher than those of non-FFS memberfarmers.4.2.3. AttitudeAttitude of 60 trained and 60 untrained respondent farmers was measured using Likert scaleusing 6 statements. The scale allows measurement of degree of positive or negative attitudetowards beekeeping, dairy and fattening in four PAs. The mean scores of trained anduntrained farmers’ attitude was analyzed using independent sample t-test. The results arepresented below in Table 12.Table 10: Attitude difference of sample respondentsRespondents N Mean SD t- value p-valueTrained 60 23.30 2.417 3.621*** 0.000Untrained 60 21.71 2.373Source: Own survey data (2010)*** Significant at
The responses of farmers were categorized into low (0-10), medium (11-20) and high (21-30)based on the score ranges. From Appendix Table 3 one can perceive that, 10% of trainedrespondents were from moderate attitude followed by 90.0% with more favorable attitudeabout improved beekeeping, dairy and fattening management practice; whereas, 28.3% of theuntrained respondents were found to have moderate attitude followed by 71.7% with morefavorable attitude about improved commodities. The value of chi-square indicated that trainedfarmers were more significantly favorable at 5% (p= 0.011) than untrained farmers. Theevidence of such a strong positive attitude by the trained farmers may be due to participatoryand group learning that geared the farmers towards a more favorable attitude as compared tountrained farmers. It is suggested that trained farmers have acquired better knowledge throughmodular training about commercial commodities so as to make their attitude highly favorablethan untrained farmers.This was in line with the findings of Kefyalew (2006), Tsion (2008) and Babur (2009), whostated that undergoing training by formal and informal institutions such as community skilltraining centers, research centers, farmer field schools, NGOs and exposing ones to scientificinformation help individuals to think rationally and logically in all aspects of the life.4.3. Linkages of FTCs with different actorsLinkage mechanism is the concept, procedures, arrangements, devices or channels thatbridges the gap between components of the system and allows communication between them(Anandajayasekeram et al., 2008).In the study area, Fogera, FTCs have served for different purposes such as modular training,skill training, conferences, meetings, extension services, and various community developmentaffairs. Discussion results with experts in the field of agriculture explained that, strengtheningFTCs result in positive consequences that might have capacities to carry out farmer basedresearches, practical attachment, senior research projects, and linkages with different actors.53
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EFFECTIVENESS OF MODULAR TRAINING A
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SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIESHARAMAYA
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STATEMENT OF AUTHORFirst of all, I
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ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)RAAKSSGSWH
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTFirst and foremost le
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)2.5. E
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LIST OF TABLESTablepageTable 1. Est
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LIST OF TABLES IN THE APPENDIXAppen
Page 17 and 18: 1. INTRODUCTION1.1. Background of t
Page 19 and 20: since 2004 in Ethiopia. Farmers wer
Page 21 and 22: undertaken. If institutions focused
Page 23 and 24: panel discussion, conference, exper
Page 25 and 26: 2. LITERATURE REVIEWIn this chapter
Page 27 and 28: Figure1. Four Stages of the TIER Mo
Page 29 and 30: Level 1: Reactions: At this level,
Page 31 and 32: In 1963, agricultural extension was
Page 33 and 34: stated objectives which involves co
Page 35 and 36: trainees’ farm cooperation and co
Page 37 and 38: Modular training was supposed to gi
Page 39 and 40: achievement of a corporation purpos
Page 41 and 42: e examined, defined and described b
Page 43 and 44: FTCs are expected to play active ro
Page 45 and 46: deficient in training skills, espec
Page 47 and 48: 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGYIn this chap
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4. Map of the study Area (Fo
Page 51 and 52: 3.2.2. Sample size and sampling pro
Page 53 and 54: 3.2.3. Types and sources of dataTo
Page 55 and 56: 3.2.5. Method of data analysisBased
Page 57 and 58: Table 4: Profiles of respondentsNo
Page 59 and 60: The data in the Table reveal that t
Page 61 and 62: 4.1.3.3. Delivery of modular traini
Page 63 and 64: also have not participated with ful
Page 65 and 66: Table 8: Knowledge test of sample h
Page 67: 4.2.2. PracticePractice was operati
Page 71 and 72: system. Actors’ interactions can
Page 73 and 74: FTCs and this project supports only
Page 75 and 76: 4.3.5. Actor linkage matrixActor li
Page 77 and 78: According to actor linkage matrix;
Page 79 and 80: followed by projects, NGOs and rese
Page 81 and 82: may have access for information abo
Page 83 and 84: 4.5.3. Lessons learned from better
Page 85 and 86: SWOT AnalysisStrength, Weakness, Op
Page 87 and 88: Opportunities• Participatory plan
Page 89 and 90: Practice was assessed based on trai
Page 91 and 92: with communication media, articles,
Page 93 and 94: BoARD and SWHISA (Bureau of Agricul
Page 95 and 96: IPMS (Improving Productivity and Ma
Page 97 and 98: Taddesse Mulugeta, 2007. Rural wate
Page 99 and 100: Appendix Table 1. Category of train
Page 101 and 102: Appendix Table 5: Extent of linkage
Page 103 and 104: 3.2. What do you think about the ti
Page 105 and 106: 4.5 Practice (Indicate whether you
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