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4.3.4. Missed actorsThere are actors, which could have contributed for FTCs related to modular trainings. Someof missed actors that identified based on key informant interviews and focused groupdiscussions are explained as follows:Wetland project: In Fogera, this project was involved in water conservation activities. If theproject were to be integrated with FTCs, it would have been possible to accomplishdemonstration of soil and water conservation activities and experience sharing based onrelated duties for farmers, development agents and experts of the Woreda.Investors: They do have their own share for proper functioning of FTCs and for betteraccomplishment of modular trainings. Investors can empower farming communities at FTClevel in doing some farming enterprises such as poultry, fattening, beekeeping, rice promotionand other related activities. Each of 15 established FTCs in Fogera district could have anaverage land of 2.5 ha per FTC. It implies that more than 30 ha of land can be available forinstance for such activities, but it couldn’t happen due to lack of coordination and jointplanning systems between actors.Adet Research Center: This institution promotes rice and other commercializedcommodities in the study area (Tesfaye, 2009). Demonstrations, training of farmers anddevelopment agents were some of the possibilities that could be played by research centers.NGOs: There are various nongovernmental organizations in Fogera that have beenimplementing rural development activities. For instance, GTZ, CARE, and ORDA wereinvolved in potable water supply, forage development, improved seed provision, latrineconstruction, fruit and vegetable promotion, and some other interventions. If institutionalinnovation and linkage mechanisms improved, FTCs can have better performances. Focusedgroup discussions with DAs and supervisors indicated that, FTCs have water supplyproblems. Without water demonstration and adoption of improved technologies are hardlypossible.58
4.3.5. Actor linkage matrixActor linkage matrix format is more useful than actor linkage map. Advantage of using thisformat is not only for clarification of existence and type of linkage but also it tells thefrequency and intensity of contact among actors themselves. This format displayed tasks orfunctions of actors in the enhancement of FTCs. Farmers have played the leading role or sharefor their institutions, being as a primary stakeholder. There are also secondary and tertiarystakeholders that have been contributed and showed efforts throughout the delivery ofmodular training at FTC level.Thus a total of 13 actors have been identified with respondents and key informants who havebeen involved in training process and establishment of FTCs. Especially, four actors wereinvolved to serve farmers for different purposes of farming practices. Types of linkage,relative strengths and ranks of key actors were identified and explained in detail according tothe data gathered through group discussions and respondents’ responses in Appendix Table 5.59
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EFFECTIVENESS OF MODULAR TRAINING A
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SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIESHARAMAYA
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STATEMENT OF AUTHORFirst of all, I
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ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)RAAKSSGSWH
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTFirst and foremost le
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)2.5. E
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LIST OF TABLESTablepageTable 1. Est
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LIST OF TABLES IN THE APPENDIXAppen
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. Background of t
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since 2004 in Ethiopia. Farmers wer
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undertaken. If institutions focused
Page 23 and 24: panel discussion, conference, exper
Page 25 and 26: 2. LITERATURE REVIEWIn this chapter
Page 27 and 28: Figure1. Four Stages of the TIER Mo
Page 29 and 30: Level 1: Reactions: At this level,
Page 31 and 32: In 1963, agricultural extension was
Page 33 and 34: stated objectives which involves co
Page 35 and 36: trainees’ farm cooperation and co
Page 37 and 38: Modular training was supposed to gi
Page 39 and 40: achievement of a corporation purpos
Page 41 and 42: e examined, defined and described b
Page 43 and 44: FTCs are expected to play active ro
Page 45 and 46: deficient in training skills, espec
Page 47 and 48: 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGYIn this chap
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4. Map of the study Area (Fo
Page 51 and 52: 3.2.2. Sample size and sampling pro
Page 53 and 54: 3.2.3. Types and sources of dataTo
Page 55 and 56: 3.2.5. Method of data analysisBased
Page 57 and 58: Table 4: Profiles of respondentsNo
Page 59 and 60: The data in the Table reveal that t
Page 61 and 62: 4.1.3.3. Delivery of modular traini
Page 63 and 64: also have not participated with ful
Page 65 and 66: Table 8: Knowledge test of sample h
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.2. PracticePractice was operati
Page 69 and 70: The responses of farmers were categ
Page 71 and 72: system. Actors’ interactions can
Page 73: FTCs and this project supports only
Page 77 and 78: According to actor linkage matrix;
Page 79 and 80: followed by projects, NGOs and rese
Page 81 and 82: may have access for information abo
Page 83 and 84: 4.5.3. Lessons learned from better
Page 85 and 86: SWOT AnalysisStrength, Weakness, Op
Page 87 and 88: Opportunities• Participatory plan
Page 89 and 90: Practice was assessed based on trai
Page 91 and 92: with communication media, articles,
Page 93 and 94: BoARD and SWHISA (Bureau of Agricul
Page 95 and 96: IPMS (Improving Productivity and Ma
Page 97 and 98: Taddesse Mulugeta, 2007. Rural wate
Page 99 and 100: Appendix Table 1. Category of train
Page 101 and 102: Appendix Table 5: Extent of linkage
Page 103 and 104: 3.2. What do you think about the ti
Page 105 and 106: 4.5 Practice (Indicate whether you
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