effectiveness of modular training at farmers - IPMS Information ...

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IPMSProjectCooperativesExtensionAgentsFarmersWetlandprojectACSIDealersFTCNeighborsWoARDSG-2000AdministratorsAdetResearchCenterFigure 7: Knowledge flow among actorsSource: Own presentationThe second circle indicates the primary sources of knowledge and information such asExtension Agents (DAs, health extension agents, cooperative agents, animal healthtechnicians and supervisors), market dealers, neighbors, FTCs and WoARD. These actors arethe primary sources of information and knowledge sharing. Farmers have accessed in daily,weekly or monthly basis for information from different actors for their own purposes. Theprobable reason may be those actors living with farmers had more close contact than otherdevelopment partners.The third circle explained that actors that have less frequency of contact with farmers. Thus,ACSI, administrators, and cooperatives are secondary sources of information for farmers62
followed by projects, NGOs and research institutions. These actors are said to be secondarybecause they may not have daily or weekly contacts with farmers. The last circle of the Figureindicates that the possibility of getting knowledge by farmers from NGOs and projects is verylow. Because projects, NGOs and research institutions target farmers at minimum scope forspecific period of time and limited amount of resources. Therefore, IPMS project, SG-2000,and Adet research center identified as tertiary sources of knowledge and information tofarmers. Hence, this explanation has the same opinion with the findings of Deribe (2007).According to Deribe, neighbors, DAs, relatives and religious organizations were the majorand most important sources of information for farmers. The types of roles and linkages of keyactors are explained well in Appendix Table 4.4.5. Positive DeviancePositive deviance is organizational, institutional, personal and cultural changes based on theidea that individuals performed better achievements whose special attitude, knowledge andskill enabled them to function more effectively than the other within a given same resourcesand conditions.Focused group discussions, key informant interviews and observations were conducted toobtain reliable data to identify positive deviance in performance of FTCs and farmerscontribution at FTC level. Farmers have contributed for establishment of FTCs and trainingprograms as mentioned earlier in actor linkage analysis part of the study (section 4.3.3).4.5.1. Functions of FTCsFTCs have been established since 2004 in Fogera. Two FTCs (Alember and Woji) wereestablished with participation of farmers. The remaining two FTCs (Shina and W.Zura) werenot established as per the required standard level of FTCs. Even though, the training wasconducted in Shina and W.Zuria, FTCs were not constructed based on the requirements of thedesign of FTCs. In both PAs, only two classes of buildings have been constructed that serve63
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EFFECTIVENESS OF MODULAR TRAINING A
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SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIESHARAMAYA
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STATEMENT OF AUTHORFirst of all, I
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ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)RAAKSSGSWH
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTFirst and foremost le
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)2.5. E
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LIST OF TABLESTablepageTable 1. Est
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LIST OF TABLES IN THE APPENDIXAppen
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. Background of t
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since 2004 in Ethiopia. Farmers wer
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undertaken. If institutions focused
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panel discussion, conference, exper
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2. LITERATURE REVIEWIn this chapter
Page 27 and 28: Figure1. Four Stages of the TIER Mo
Page 29 and 30: Level 1: Reactions: At this level,
Page 31 and 32: In 1963, agricultural extension was
Page 33 and 34: stated objectives which involves co
Page 35 and 36: trainees’ farm cooperation and co
Page 37 and 38: Modular training was supposed to gi
Page 39 and 40: achievement of a corporation purpos
Page 41 and 42: e examined, defined and described b
Page 43 and 44: FTCs are expected to play active ro
Page 45 and 46: deficient in training skills, espec
Page 47 and 48: 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGYIn this chap
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4. Map of the study Area (Fo
Page 51 and 52: 3.2.2. Sample size and sampling pro
Page 53 and 54: 3.2.3. Types and sources of dataTo
Page 55 and 56: 3.2.5. Method of data analysisBased
Page 57 and 58: Table 4: Profiles of respondentsNo
Page 59 and 60: The data in the Table reveal that t
Page 61 and 62: 4.1.3.3. Delivery of modular traini
Page 63 and 64: also have not participated with ful
Page 65 and 66: Table 8: Knowledge test of sample h
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.2. PracticePractice was operati
Page 69 and 70: The responses of farmers were categ
Page 71 and 72: system. Actors’ interactions can
Page 73 and 74: FTCs and this project supports only
Page 75 and 76: 4.3.5. Actor linkage matrixActor li
Page 77: According to actor linkage matrix;
Page 81 and 82: may have access for information abo
Page 83 and 84: 4.5.3. Lessons learned from better
Page 85 and 86: SWOT AnalysisStrength, Weakness, Op
Page 87 and 88: Opportunities• Participatory plan
Page 89 and 90: Practice was assessed based on trai
Page 91 and 92: with communication media, articles,
Page 93 and 94: BoARD and SWHISA (Bureau of Agricul
Page 95 and 96: IPMS (Improving Productivity and Ma
Page 97 and 98: Taddesse Mulugeta, 2007. Rural wate
Page 99 and 100: Appendix Table 1. Category of train
Page 101 and 102: Appendix Table 5: Extent of linkage
Page 103 and 104: 3.2. What do you think about the ti
Page 105 and 106: 4.5 Practice (Indicate whether you
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