Deceased households, social institutions (schools, churches, clinics, etc) th<strong>at</strong> possess excessfarm size, employed civil servants or workers who have accessed for land <strong>at</strong> the time <strong>of</strong>redistribution, committee members who might have owned land in extra amount during landredistribution and the committee also resolves the land shortage discussing with people so th<strong>at</strong>the community gives altern<strong>at</strong>ive solutions for FTCs.Roles <strong>of</strong> the committee <strong>at</strong> district level: Site selection, committee form<strong>at</strong>ion, strengtheninghow income gener<strong>at</strong>ing schemes are implemented, inventory and budget alloc<strong>at</strong>ion systemsand searching altern<strong>at</strong>ive solutions how to access land are the major roles and functions <strong>of</strong>committee <strong>at</strong> district level.FTCs management committee has been collabor<strong>at</strong>ed with development agents fordemonstr<strong>at</strong>ing different income gener<strong>at</strong>ing activities. Activities have been practiced not onlyfor the purpose <strong>of</strong> demonstr<strong>at</strong>ing but also for income gener<strong>at</strong>ing objectives. FTCs have servedfor different purposes. Modular <strong>training</strong>, non <strong>modular</strong> <strong>training</strong>, advisory services and planning<strong>of</strong> development interventions are the common tasks <strong>of</strong> those visited areas. Field report (2009)explained th<strong>at</strong>, the major income gener<strong>at</strong>ing activities th<strong>at</strong> observed by the team were:Poultry production, apiary (for modern, transitional and traditional bee hives), fodder andforage development, hide and skin demonstr<strong>at</strong>ion equipments, dairy, f<strong>at</strong>tening <strong>of</strong> smallruminants, grazing str<strong>at</strong>egies and breeding (bull services), Vegetable and fruit production,irrig<strong>at</strong>ion and w<strong>at</strong>er management systems, post harvest and storage structures, organicfarming (compost making), seed multiplic<strong>at</strong>ion and intensive farming systems, soil and w<strong>at</strong>erconserv<strong>at</strong>ion practices, waste land management, bund stabiliz<strong>at</strong>ion and gully rehabilit<strong>at</strong>ion,w<strong>at</strong>er harvesting structures, land reclam<strong>at</strong>ion with forestry and agro forestry activities.4.6. Challenges and Opportunities <strong>of</strong> Modular Training <strong>at</strong> FTC LevelFor the last five years, there were challenges recognized and identified by key informantinterviews, focused group discussions, documents, and personal observ<strong>at</strong>ions. There are alsoopportunities th<strong>at</strong> can be tailored for effective <strong>training</strong> processes and functioning <strong>of</strong> FTCs.68
SWOT AnalysisStrength, Weakness, Opportunities and Thre<strong>at</strong>s (SWOT) analysis summarizes thecontributions <strong>of</strong> actors in stimul<strong>at</strong>ing <strong>training</strong> performance and linkage mechanisms. Itenhances knowledge and skills for future achievements and the improvements <strong>of</strong> innov<strong>at</strong>ions<strong>of</strong> practiced commodities. The strength, weakness, opportunities and thre<strong>at</strong>s explained beloware according to the findings <strong>of</strong> key informant interviews and group discussions.Table 14: SWOT analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>farmers</strong>’ <strong>training</strong> in Fogera WoredaStrengthTraining perspective• Establishment <strong>of</strong> FTCs in 15 PAs• Delivery <strong>of</strong> modules for 7 FTCs• Contribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>IPMS</strong> for <strong>training</strong>m<strong>at</strong>erials. For instance, Computer,TV, VCDs• A few <strong>farmers</strong> have better devotionsand commitments towards <strong>training</strong>,so th<strong>at</strong> they could scale up bestpracticesWeakness• Partition <strong>of</strong> rooms are narrow for <strong>training</strong>, <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong>three DAs, and exhibition purposes• TNA has not been conducted• DAs have not used lesson plans• Modules are difficult to understand• Lack <strong>of</strong> manuals for trained <strong>farmers</strong>• Shortage <strong>of</strong> teaching aids (chalk, st<strong>at</strong>ionery, charts)• The <strong>training</strong> was mostly theoretical• Gender, HIV/AIDS, home science, and othercontemporary issues were not incorpor<strong>at</strong>ed inmodules• There was problem <strong>of</strong> handling system <strong>of</strong> farmequipments and <strong>of</strong>fered teaching aids• There was no monitoring, evalu<strong>at</strong>ion, follow up andfeedback• Modules do not focus on loc<strong>at</strong>ion specific farmingissues69
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EFFECTIVENESS OF MODULAR TRAINING A
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SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIESHARAMAYA
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STATEMENT OF AUTHORFirst of all, I
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ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)RAAKSSGSWH
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTFirst and foremost le
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)2.5. E
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LIST OF TABLESTablepageTable 1. Est
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LIST OF TABLES IN THE APPENDIXAppen
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. Background of t
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since 2004 in Ethiopia. Farmers wer
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undertaken. If institutions focused
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panel discussion, conference, exper
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2. LITERATURE REVIEWIn this chapter
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Figure1. Four Stages of the TIER Mo
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Level 1: Reactions: At this level,
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In 1963, agricultural extension was
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