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4.3.1. Actor linkageIn undertaking any intervention, the first step is to identify the key actors who bring about orprevent change in an innovation system (Anandajayasekeram, et al. 2008). The purpose ofthis section is to list actors, who were involved for modular trainings, and looking in to theroles of actors, knowledge and information sharing and how the linkage system is functioning.Farmers, development agents, supervisors, experts, officials, researchers and relevantinstitutions were consulted and discussed through focused group discussions, key informantinterviews, own observations, case studies and indirect participatory techniques.A number of actors were involved in modular training. Key actors that were categorized in topublic sectors include: DAs, administrators, cooperatives, primary schools, Amhara Creditand Saving Institute (ACSI), Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development (BoARD),Department of Agriculture and Rural development (DoARD), Woreda of Agriculture andRural Development Office (WoARD), ATVETs and Ministry of Agriculture and RuralDevelopment (MoARD). Private sectors and NGOs were also identified as key actors withregard to modular training system. These actors were farmers themselves and IPMS project.Thus, a total of 12 actors were identified who are involved in modular training at FarmerTraining Center in study area.4.3.2. Actor linkage mapLinkage has many advantages. It develops trust and confidence among partners ofdevelopment, it enables sharing of roles and responsibilities foster an interdisciplinary andholistic approach, and linkage also avoids duplication of work and enables communicationbetween farmers, researchers, and NGOs as they work together. Five Focused GroupDiscussions were undertaken with DAs, farmers and supervisor and group of Woreda experts;and fifteen Key Informant Interviews revealed that the following actors had linkages withFTCs. Actors’ role and interest were analyzed using checklists and respondent farmers.Interaction of actors was made using actor linkage map. Actor linkage map was produced byplacing FTC at the center and connecting other actors based on their contribution to the54
system. Actors’ interactions can be shown by septa-grams. These prime movers in thediagram are also called as drivers of the change. Prime movers are internal and external actorswho take the decisions that are most important to the system.The common tool used to analyze actors’ linkage is actor linkage map in Figure 6. The mapshows the intensity of each actor’s linkage. Respondents and key informants tried to put andcategorized actors as primary, secondary, and tertiary levels according to their roles. Hence,the primary identified actors are farmers, DAs, WoARD, cooperatives, ACSI and IPMSproject. Administrators, DoARD, BoARD and MoARD identified under medium category,and ATVETs and primary schools are classified as tertiary levels of actors.55
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EFFECTIVENESS OF MODULAR TRAINING A
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SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIESHARAMAYA
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STATEMENT OF AUTHORFirst of all, I
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ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)RAAKSSGSWH
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTFirst and foremost le
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)2.5. E
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LIST OF TABLESTablepageTable 1. Est
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LIST OF TABLES IN THE APPENDIXAppen
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1. INTRODUCTION1.1. Background of t
Page 19 and 20: since 2004 in Ethiopia. Farmers wer
Page 21 and 22: undertaken. If institutions focused
Page 23 and 24: panel discussion, conference, exper
Page 25 and 26: 2. LITERATURE REVIEWIn this chapter
Page 27 and 28: Figure1. Four Stages of the TIER Mo
Page 29 and 30: Level 1: Reactions: At this level,
Page 31 and 32: In 1963, agricultural extension was
Page 33 and 34: stated objectives which involves co
Page 35 and 36: trainees’ farm cooperation and co
Page 37 and 38: Modular training was supposed to gi
Page 39 and 40: achievement of a corporation purpos
Page 41 and 42: e examined, defined and described b
Page 43 and 44: FTCs are expected to play active ro
Page 45 and 46: deficient in training skills, espec
Page 47 and 48: 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGYIn this chap
Page 49 and 50: Figure 4. Map of the study Area (Fo
Page 51 and 52: 3.2.2. Sample size and sampling pro
Page 53 and 54: 3.2.3. Types and sources of dataTo
Page 55 and 56: 3.2.5. Method of data analysisBased
Page 57 and 58: Table 4: Profiles of respondentsNo
Page 59 and 60: The data in the Table reveal that t
Page 61 and 62: 4.1.3.3. Delivery of modular traini
Page 63 and 64: also have not participated with ful
Page 65 and 66: Table 8: Knowledge test of sample h
Page 67 and 68: 4.2.2. PracticePractice was operati
Page 69: The responses of farmers were categ
Page 73 and 74: FTCs and this project supports only
Page 75 and 76: 4.3.5. Actor linkage matrixActor li
Page 77 and 78: According to actor linkage matrix;
Page 79 and 80: followed by projects, NGOs and rese
Page 81 and 82: may have access for information abo
Page 83 and 84: 4.5.3. Lessons learned from better
Page 85 and 86: SWOT AnalysisStrength, Weakness, Op
Page 87 and 88: Opportunities• Participatory plan
Page 89 and 90: Practice was assessed based on trai
Page 91 and 92: with communication media, articles,
Page 93 and 94: BoARD and SWHISA (Bureau of Agricul
Page 95 and 96: IPMS (Improving Productivity and Ma
Page 97 and 98: Taddesse Mulugeta, 2007. Rural wate
Page 99 and 100: Appendix Table 1. Category of train
Page 101 and 102: Appendix Table 5: Extent of linkage
Page 103 and 104: 3.2. What do you think about the ti
Page 105 and 106: 4.5 Practice (Indicate whether you
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