PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY - Biology East Borneo

INDEX 599Rodenticides, 360.-361sodium fluoroacetate, 361thallium sulfate, 360-361Rosary bean seeds, peptide and protein toxins in,421422Rotenone, chemical structure, 355Route specificity, metals carcinogenicity and333-334Rubella virus, developmental toxicology and 224Safe Human Dose (SHD) approach:calculation of, 29risk assessment studies, 450454dose metrics, 459460Safety, defined 5Safety and health professions, toxic agent distributionstudies, 35-37foreign compound absorption and disposition,35536target tissue significance, 36-37Safety factors. See Uncertainty factorsSalmonella species:Ames assay, carcinogenicity, 273bacterial test systems, 252Sampling techniques:carbon dioxide exposure studies, 5477549evaluation of hazardous effects, 534-536lead-based paint case study, 550-552Saponins, in flowering plants, 4 19-42 1Sarcomas, hepatoxicity and 123Satellite, chromosome structure and function, 244Saturated aliphatic solvents, toxicity, 3777378Scorpion venom, toxicology, 426Sea anemones, venom toxicology, 428429Second messenger system, natural venoms and toxinsand 414415Secretory systems, tubular secretion and 133Sertoli cells, cell-type specific toxicity, 214-215,218Serum albumin levels, hepatoxicity and 125Serum bilirubin levels, hepatoxicity and 125Serum enzymes, hepatoxicity and measurement of,126Serum sickness syndrome, 194antivenin therapy and 43 1Service delivery, for occupational medicine, 5066507Shellfish toxins, toxicology, 417Short-term cancer bioassays:antimony carcinogenicity risks, 493carcinogenic potential assessment, 29 l-292Short-term exposure limit (STEL), solvent exposure,368,372Sickle cell anemia, mutation mechanisms in, 25 1Signal transduction pathways:natural venoms and toxins, 414-415oncogenes, 281-283Silicosis, industrial-related exposure, 182Simple liver acinus, liver morphology, 114Sinus cavities, pulmonotoxicity, 170Sister chromatid exchange (SCE), occupationalmonitoring with, 260Skin:defensive role of, 159functions, 158-160histology, 1577158toxic agent absorption, 43toxic agent excretion, 53Skin cancer, dermal toxicity, 164Smoking:cadmium toxicology and 338-339cancer incidence and 3 13-3 15carboxyhemoglobin and, 98developmental loxicology and 230female reproductive toxicology, 221-222lung cancer incidence, 180-l 8 1platelet formation and, 93pulmonotoxicity, 180-l 8 1Sodium channel inactivation, natural venoms andtoxin neurotoxicity, 413414Sodium fluoroacetate, toxicity, 361Sodium ions, action potential mechanisms, 1466147Soil screening levels (SSLs):antimony carcinogenicity risk studies, 495496arsenic risk assessment studies, 487490risk assessment using, 480Solenopsins, fire ant venom, 427Solvents:absorption, distribution and excretion mechanisms,372-373acute toxic effects, 376-377aldehydes toxicity, 385-388alicyclic solvent toxicity, 378.-379aromatic hydrocarbon solvent toxicity, 379-382polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) carbons,381-382substituted aromatic compounds, 380.-381carboxylic acid toxicity, 389-390carcinogenicity, 375-376central nervous system depression, 374ester toxicity, 390ether toxicity, 390-391exposure potential, 367-368glycols, 384halogenated alkane toxicity, 391-397methane compounds, 392-397immunotoxicity, 203ketone toxicity, 388G389male reproductive toxicology, 2 13Sertoli cell specificity, 2 15membrane/tissue irritation, 374-375neuronal membrane disruption by, 149nitrile (alkyl cyanide) toxicity, 404405nitro compound toxicity, 402404nitrogen-substituted solvent toxicity, 398.-402aromatic amino acid compounds, 400402occupational exposure limits (OELs), 368, 371peripheral nervous system effects, 374phenol toxicity, 3844385