Harmonized Perspectives - CDKN Global

Additionally, to succeed and achieve this task requires a wide and effective participation of indigenousand local communities in managing protected areas and biodiversity management, as well as taking intoconsideration their knowledge and ancestral wisdom. Cultural ecosystem services are increasinglyrecognized as critical factors in human welfare, through the maintenance of cultural traditions, culturalidentity and spirituality 52 .Biodiversity conceptBiological Diversity or Biodiversity is part of the Convention on Biological Diversity which becameeffective on December 29, 1993. This is a general global agreement on all aspects of biodiversity:Genetic resources, species and ecosystems, therefore, its definition will be under this framework 53 .Biological Diversity means the variability among living organisms from all sources, including genes,diversity, species diversity, ecosystems, diversity (terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems) andthe ecological complexes of which they are part; comprising diversity within species, between speciesand ecosystems. Ecosystems are understood as a dynamic complex of plant communities, animals andmicro-organisms communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit 54 .Biodiversity is the term used to describe these broad life forms that inhabit the earth, whichincludes human and cultural diversity. This is the variety of ecosystems 55 , species and genes that are onthe earth, the result of an evolutionary process of four thousand five hundred million years. It iscombination of life forms that interacts with each other and their environment, which has allowed theearth to be livable and also unique, offering a wide range of goods and services that sustain life 56 .To ensure that biodiversity is preserved, the Convention itself requires member countries todevelop comprehensive and sustainable strategies for the conservation of Biological Diversity and a oneof the major means of reaching them is through the establishment of protected areas 57 , who provide arange of environmental goods and services while preserving natural and cultural heritage, thatcontribute to the eradication of poverty and are an excellent strategy to reduce the effects of extremeevents.Goods and services of Biodiversity 58To speak about the contribution of Biodiversity is a broad topic, but despite that people depend onbiodiversity in their daily lives, is not visible its importance for survival. Biodiversity has multipurposeand covers for different areas: environmental, social, economic, political, and spiritual - cultural. Giventhis versatility, the conservation of biodiversity is becoming the core strategy for disaster risk reductionand climate change.Biodiversity is the natural capital of nations and the maintenance of this wealth is the guarantee forthe plant crop varieties (agro biodiversity) 59 and animals, production of medicines and other woodproducts, fuel and fiber, housing and construction materials ,air purification and decomposition ofwastes, stabilization and moderation of the Earth's climate, moderating floods, droughts, extremetemperatures and wind strength, generation and renewal of soil fertility, including nutrient cycling,52 GEO4.53 CDB 1992; IPCC 2008.54 DBD 1992/CONAP 2010.55 Systems that make up, such as forests, wetlands, mountains, deserts, lakes, rivers and landscapes, which has been achievedthrough billions of years of evolution, through a natural process which has been transformed through the intervention humanintervention.56 Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2000/CONAMA/CONAP/OTECBIO, 2001.57 The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) defines a protected area as "a geographically defined area which is designated orregulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives" / a clearly defined geographical area, recognized, dedicatedand managed, through legal or other effective means to achieve long-term conservation of nature and its ecosystem services andcultural values. CDB/IUCN.58 From the Indigenous Peoples conceptualization, biodiversity is not a good or service, but the harmonious relationship withMother Earth, which means respect.59 ADRS.2007: The present and future capacity of the world to feed a growing population and strengthen the resistance to climatechange depends on agrobiodiversity.17