Harmonized Perspectives - CDKN Global

species, communities and ecological processes that are a key element to the conservation ofbiodiversity, especially in areas where human activities have changed ecosystems.Biodiversity and Adaptation to Climate Change based on ecosystemsLinking climate change and biological diversity is a topic of great importance since they are mutuallyinterrelated. On the one hand it is important to consider the influence of climate change on biodiversityand how biodiversity changes affect climate change. Reducing the impacts of climate change onbiodiversity is a key factor. The resilience of biodiversity to climate change can be improved by workingto decrease the climatic stresses (pollution, loss and fragmentation of habitats, etc.) combined withconservation strategies, restoration and sustainable management.Currently, it has been proposed the ecosystem-based adaptation as a strategy to climate change thatcan be accomplished, among other ways, through conservation and ecosystem management, using the"multiple" services and functions that are offered to humans.The Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) is the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services, as part of anoverall adaptation strategy to help people adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change 76 .Equally important is to consider the adverse impact of climate change on marine and coastal biologicaldiversity, for example, rising sea levels, oceans acidification and coral bleaching 77 . This makes us reflectthat biodiversity both terrestrial and marine are an important tool for adapting to climate change andespecially Central America that is located between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In this regard, itbecomes urgent use protected areas as a conservation strategy and strengthen them under themodalities of conservation indicated above.In order to achieve this great challenge as Central American region to promote the highest level decisionto incorporate in the political agenda with regard to significantly reduce the current rate of biodiversityloss. Also, the region should assess the costs of no-integration to find an overall approach that allows abetter adaptation to Climate Change based on the ecosystems. These agreements must be initiated by:Reducing pollution, controlling the inappropriate use of biological diversity, prevents losses andfragmentation of ecosystems 78 , with particular emphasis on forests 79 .At last, it is important to strengthen the systems and subsystems of protected areas and promote itsconnectivity 80 ,this can be through ecological or biological corridors or landscape linkages, greenbeltsand other forms of connectivity elements, restoration of degraded habitats and landscapes and toconsider between marine and terrestrial landscapes and of course social participation 81 .76 UICN, 2009.77 The Conference of the Parties to the CBD adopted the Programme of Work on Protected Areas in order to establish andmaintain in 2010for land areas, and in 2012, for the sea, "complete national and regional systems, effectively managed andecologically representative protected areas "that collectively, inter alia, contribute to achieving the objectives of the Conventionand the 2010 target to significantly reduce the current rate of biodiversity loss.78 Ecosystems provide a wide range of provisioning services (food, medicine, and fiber, adjustment to climate change and flooding,soil formation, providing human welfare, including health, livelihood and others.79 Forest fragmentation is one of the biggest problems facing the forests. (INAB/MARN). Identification and prioritization of forestcorridors in Guatemala. 2005. P. 92.80 Landscape patterns that promote connectivity for species, biological communities and ecological processes are a key element inthe conservation of nature in environments that have been modified due to human impacts. (Bennett, A. 2004).81 CDB/Biodiversity and Climate Change. 2009) / Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. (2009 / Bennett, A. (2004).20