Harmonized Perspectives - CDKN Global

Central American Governments should take into account the international context, the mainagreements and negotiations in the development of strategic plans, respecting international and humanrights, to achieve integration, harmonization, alignment and ownership of their adaptation strategies assub-region as well as, to each country member of SICA. Also, the articulation of these strategies withlocal processes of adaptation and risks mitigation within each country. It is necessary to build acomplete set of gears that allows the articulation of these efforts, in reality; the different areasmentioned in the section of DRR are turning with everyone at their own pace, with different agendasand priorities. The question is: Who takes the role and the effort to articulate and be the shaft thatengages all of these circles and spheres that have their own dynamics?, Who will assume it, and does soin the context of the sub- region and who within each country? Local governments can play animportant role, but have neither sufficient expertise in the subject of adaptation and CCA nor theresources, if they had the resources to articulate these and other efforts in the territories, communitieswould be in a favorable position compared to current and future risks.The Bali Action Plan 99The Bali Action Plan focuses on four key issues: mitigation, adaptation, technology and financing, andincludes a discussion of a "shared vision" regarding long-term cooperation and long-term global goal toreduce emissions 100 .MitigationIn the context of international negotiations on climate change, the term "mitigation" is understood asthe reduction of greenhouse gases emissions. The questions have focused on how much mitigation isneeded to occur at a worldwide level? Which countries have to achieve it and how much will it cost? Toagree on actions that are “measurable, reportable and verifiable" are a fundamental feature of the BaliAction Plan. For industrialized countries, the analysis has focused on the commitments to achieve legallybinding emission reductions. For developing countries, the key was to determine “appropriatemitigation plans at a national level” and establish a process to record and support national actions.Emission Trends 101 .• Between 1972 and 2004, emissions of greenhouse gases increased by 70% and CO2 as the majorportion of Greenhouse Gases (77% of total emissions of greenhouse gases) increased by about 80%.• If additional policies are not implemented, the projected global emissions of greenhouse gases willincrease by 25 to 90% for 2030, compared with the year 2000.• CO2 emissions from energy use are likely to increase by 40 to 110% in that period.• Mitigation costs in 2030 would exceed 3% of world GDP 102 .In Central America, the effects of climate change have been specifically evident in the pattern ofbehavior of rainfall, the increase in extreme events such as hurricanes, storms and heavy rains, droughtsand rising temperatures. At meetings of the Central American Presidents in Honduras in November 2009and of the Vice-Presidents in 2010 in Guatemala, as well as sessions led by the Agriculture Ministershave agreed on the need for a unique position as a sub region on climate change 103 . The CentralAmerican dry arc will be affected by the reduction of precipitation by up to 37% according to climatescenarios of the IPCC and the elaborate country profiles. It is also likely that targeted sites temperatureincrease beyond the 3C°. This situation is of concern to the livelihoods of99 Report of the COP13, Bali, from 3 to 15 December 2007. Addendum. Part Two: Decisions adopted by the Conference of theParties) FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add1, 14/03/2008. Quoted in the Position Paper on Adaptation to Climate Change. OILWATCH.100 Even if the emissions are reduced to "zero", by the cumulative effect, the effects of global warming will be impossible to stop,by which the adaptation is a reality to which the countries of the world and especially the least developed must be taken verymuch into account from now on development plans and national and local policies. Note A. Ponce, November 2010.101 The future effects of global warming can be reduced only if it can reduce concentrations of greenhouse gases in the Earth'satmosphere, hence a large extent, a large part of the achievements of adaptation actions, reducing disaster risk on thesustainability of livelihoods of people are linked to the efforts of developing countries and emerging contaminants to some extent.If the strategies local, national and sub-regional and disaster mitigation efforts and risk mitigation and adaptation do not have thisgreat effort of GHG emitting countries the lives of vast populations and countries is a high risk of succumbing. The damage will beirreversible. Note A. Ponce, Estelí, March 2011.102 Source: IPCC. .103 Statement of the Central American Presidents to address climate change, Honduras November 2009.23