Harmonized Perspectives - CDKN Global

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special programmes for the exercise of these rights.State guarantees non-discrimination Article 91The State has an obligation to enact laws to promote actions toensure that no Nicaraguan is discriminated against because oftheir language, culture and origin.Natural resources are national heritageTITLE VINATIONAL ECONOMY, LAND REFORM AND FINANCEPUBLICCHAPTER INational economyArticle 102Natural resources are national assets. The preservation of theenvironment and conservation, development and rational exploitationof natural resources belong to the State, it may enter into contracts forthe rational exploitation of these resources, when the nationalinterest requires it.Guarantee of the various formsof ownershipEquality between different types ofbusiness andeconomic activities exerciseThe land system: Prohibitionindigenous communities expropriation,common property regime according tospecific lawIntercultural education and bilingual educationArticle 103The State guarantees the coexistence of democratic forms of public,private, cooperative, voluntary, community, associations’ properties, all ofwhich are part of the mixed economy, are subject to the higher interestsof the nation and fulfill a social function.Article 104The companies that organized under any form of ownership established inthis Constitution, are equal before the law and stateeconomic policies. The economic initiative is free.It guarantees the full exercise of economic activities, no restrictions otherthan for social or national interest to impose the laws.TITLE VINATIONAL ECONOMY, LAND REFORM AND FINANCEPUBLICCHAPTER IIagrarian reformArticle. 107Land reform will eliminate the large estates that are idle and it will bedone primarily with state land. When the expropriations of idle landholdings affect private owners, it will comply with the provisions of Article44 of this Constitution. [Article 44 guarantees the right of property andoutlines its social function.]. The reform will eliminate all forms ofexploitation of peasants, indigenous communities in the countryand promote forms of ownership consistent with the economic and socialnation established by this Constitution.The regime12. Right to preserve cultures as part of a national culture.13. State guarantees non-discrimination14. Natural resources are national patrimony15. Guarantee of the various forms of ownership16. Equality between different types of enterprises and economicactivities17. The land system: Prohibition of expropriation of indigenouscommunities, communal ownership of property by specific law of theland of indigenous communities shall be regulated according to the law ofmatter.TITLE VIIEDUCATION AND CULTURECHAPTER ONEArticle 121Access to education is free and equal for all Nicaraguans.Primary education is free and compulsory in schools of the state.Secondary education is free in state schools, subject to voluntarycontributions, may be made by parents. No person shall be excluded inany way from a state center for economic reasons. Indigenous peoplesand ethnic communities of the Atlantic Coast have the right in their regionto intercultural education in their mother tongue, according to the law.80
Heritage Protection Article 128The state protects the archaeological, historical, linguistic, cultural andartistic heritage of the nation.Powers of the Supreme Court:Resolve conflicts between government andcentral and autonomous regionsPolitical-Administrative Division:departments, autonomous regionsAtlantic Coast andmunicipalitiesPolitical and administrative autonomy ofmunicipalities: Municipalities Act, defining therelationship between municipalityState-indigenousRights of Social organizations in thecommunities of the Atlantic CoastTITLE VIIISTATE OF THE ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER VJudiciaryArticle 164The powers of the Supreme Court13 °Hearing and resolving constitutional conflicts betweenthe central government and municipal governments and the autonomousregions of the Atlantic Coast.TITLE IXPOLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVECHAPTER IMunicipalitiesArticle 175The national territory is divided for administration, indepartments, autonomous regions and municipalities on the AtlanticCoast.The laws of matter determine its establishment, extension, number,organization, structure and functioning of the various territorialconstituencies.Article 177The municipalities are politically, administrative and financiallyautonomous. The administration and governments of these correspondsto the municipal authorities.Autonomy does not excuse nor inhibits the Executive or the other statepowers, obligations and responsibilities to the municipalities. Establishesthe obligation to allocate a sufficient percentage of the general budget ofthe Republic to municipalities18. Bilingual and intercultural education19. Heritage Protection20. Powers of the Supreme Court: Resolve conflictsbetween central government and autonomous regions21. Political-administrative division, departments, autonomousregions and municipalities on the Atlantic Coast22. Political and administrative autonomy of municipalities:Municipalities Act defines relationship of municipality, the state andof indigenous people’s of the country; priority will be distributed tomunicipalities with less earning capacity. The percentage and distributionshall be fixed by law.Autonomy is regulated under the Municipalities Act, which requiredfor enactment and amendment of the favorable vote of an absolutemajority of deputies.Municipal governments have jurisdiction over what affects the socioeconomicdevelopment of their constituency. In contracts for the rationalexploitation of natural resources located in the respective municipality,the State will request and take into account the views of localgovernments prior to approval.The Municipalities Act shall include, municipal responsibilities, relationswith the central government, indigenous peoples from aroundthe country and with all branches of government, and coordination.TITLE IXPOLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVECHAPTER IIAtlantic Coast CommunitiesArticle 180The Communities of the Atlantic Coast have the right to live and developunder the forms of social organization which correspond to their historicaland cultural traditions.The State guarantees these communities the enjoyment of its natural81
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Executive SummaryCentral America is
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Central is located in the "Ring of
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Study ContentAs an innovative theme
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that coexist in the universe. This
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Central America level, is the only
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of Mesoamerica has been explained a
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possesses effective cultural commun
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Additionally, to succeed and achiev
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eforestation, hydrological planning
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General thematic introduction on Cl
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Central American Governments should
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projected 109 conditions, changes o
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General introduction on the themati
Page 29 and 30: participatory manner, to address di
Page 31 and 32: Causes and complementary consequenc
Page 33 and 34: Organizational and legal contextWhi
Page 35 and 36: The three bodies within the SICA ar
Page 37 and 38: Based on research of available info
Page 39 and 40: SE-CONREDCivilProtectionSNETCCNISCO
Page 41 and 42: Synergy model that displays the add
Page 43 and 44: Added value of indigenous and local
Page 45 and 46: They do not work in a separate mann
Page 47 and 48: demand for agricultural raw materia
Page 49 and 50: Amazon DIPECHO Project “Strengthe
Page 51 and 52: Indigenous Knowledge on DisasterMit
Page 53 and 54: The combination of indigenous andsc
Page 55 and 56: Indigenous Skills and the mysticism
Page 57 and 58: Weather forecast through indigenous
Page 59 and 60: In various international convention
Page 61 and 62: Recommended ReadingBennett, A., 200
Page 63 and 64: ILO, 1993, Convenio sobre pueblos i
Page 65 and 66: Local knowledgeIncludes people and
Page 67 and 68: which are threatswith a certainprob
Page 69 and 70: Appreciates and respects their orga
Page 71 and 72: framework, without taking into acco
Page 73 and 74: Currently Cacaopera ethnicity, alth
Page 75 and 76: IDH 228 For 2007 is of 0.6999Politi
Page 77 and 78: The Mayangnas are people who are de
Page 79: Rights of detainees to receive info
Page 83 and 84: 19/09/1996 Law no. 230 Amendments a
Page 85 and 86: Indigenous Population:IDH 241 In 20
Page 87 and 88: Honduras, each has a different orig
Page 89 and 90: MISQUITOS 248 :In 1996 there were 3
Page 91: Internationalconventions signed wit
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