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11 th International Symposium for GIS and Computer Cartography for Coastal Zones Management(http://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/marbound/index.php). Closures and spatial management areas were provided by CCAMLR,SIOFA, NEAFC, OSPAR, CBD, and FAO.ConclusionAt Rio+20, the global community called for urgent action to improve biodiversity conservation and sustainableuse of the high seas. We used a mapping approach to highlight spatial and management gaps, which helped to emphasizethe urgency of the lack of achievement of conservation goals in the high seas. To achieve these goals, and torealize the associated environmental, social, and economic aspirations, a systematic approach is required that isecosystem-based, integrated across sectors, and coordinated across spatial and non-spatial measures. To supportsuch an approach, two improvements to governance of the high seas are urgently required: a new international legalagreement building on the existing UNCLOS framework; and improved regional arrangements, complemented witha renewed impetus in international scientific cooperation.ReferencesCullis-Suzuki S. and D. Pauly (2010), "Failing the high seas: A global evaluation of regional fisheries managementorganizations". Marine Policy, 34: 1036–1042.Druel E., P. Ricard, and J. Rochette (2012), "Governance of marine biodiversity in areas beyond nationaljurisdiction at the regional level: Filling the gaps". In: IDDRI SciencesPo. and Agence des aires marinesprotegees, Paris, France: 1–145.Dunn D.C., J. Ardron, N.C. Ban, N. Bax, P. Bernal, S. Bograd, C. Corrigan, P. Dunstan, E. Game, K. Gjerde, H.Grantham, P.N. Halpin, A. Harrison, E. Hazen, E. Lagabrielle, B. Lascelles, S.M. Maxwell, S. McKenna, S.Nicol, E. Norse, D. Palacios, L. Reeve, G. Shillinger, F. Simard, K. Sink, F. Smith, A. Spadone, and M. Würtz(2011), "Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas in the Pelagic Realm: Examples & Guidelines –Workshop Report". In: IUCN Gland, Switzerland: 1–44.Gjerde K. and A. Rulska-Domino (2012), "Marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction: some practicalperspectives for moving ahead". The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 27:1–23.Gjerde K.M. (2012), "The environmental provisions of the LOSC for the high seas and seabed area beyond nationaljurisdiction". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, in press.Gjerde K.M., H. Dotinga, S. Hart, E. Molenaar, R. Rayfuse, and R. Warner (2008), "Regulatory and governancegaps in the international regime for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyondnational jurisdiction". In. IUCN Gland, Switzerland.Halfar J. and R. Fujita (2007), "Danger of deep-sea mining". Science, 316:987.Margules C.R. and R.L. Pressey (2000), "Systematic conservation planning". Nature, 405:243–253.O'Leary B., R. Brown, D. Johnson, H. von Nordheim, J. Ardron, T. Packeiser, and C. Roberts (2012), "The firstnetwork of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the high seas: The process, the challenges and where next". MarinePolicy, 36:598–605.Pressey R.L. and M.C. Bottrill (2009), "Approaches to landscape- and seascape-scale conservation planning:convergence, contrasts and challenges". Oryx, 43:464–475.Ramirez-Llodra E., P.A. Tyler, M.C. Baker, O.A. Bergstad, M.R. Clark, E. Escobar, L.A. Levin, L. Menot, A.A.Rowden, and C.R. Smith (2011), "Man and the last great wilderness: human impact on the deep sea". PLoS ONE,6:e22588.United Nations General Assembly (2012), "The future we want". In: United Nations General Assembly, Rio deJaneiro.190
Mapping and analysis inform innovative conservation measures for theCanadian Pacific groundfish trawl fisheryKarin Bodtker 1 , Carrie Robb 1 & Scott Wallace 21 Living Oceans Society, #1405 – 207 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, B.C., V6B 1H7, Canadakbodtker@livingoceans.org, crobb@livingoceans.org2 David Suzuki Foundation, #219 – 2211 West 4 th Ave., Vancouver, B.C., V6K 4S2, Canadaswallace@davidsuzuki.orgAbstractInnovative conservation measures were added to the Integrated Fisheries Management Plan for Groundfish inCanada’s Pacific Region in April 2012. The measures, which include a bycatch limit for coral and sponge, evolvedfrom three years of discussion between the groundfish trawl industry and two conservation organisations. Mappingand analysis work provided crucial support and was undertaken collaboratively by the conservation organizationsand the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Overall, the collaboration aimed to reduce bottom trawl impacts onsensitive habitats, deepwater slow growing species, and to improve the sustainability rating of the fishery. We useddata on historical bottom trawl locations, coral and sponge bycatch frequency and location, and a comprehensivemap of benthic classes to delineate a trawl footprint that would limit impact to 50% or less of each benthic class anddetermine areas within the footprint that present a high risk for coral and sponge bycatch or were untrawled since1996.IntroductionFor decades, environmentalists in British Columbia, Canada, clashed with the groundfish bottom trawl fishing industryover issues including bycatch of corals and sponges and gear impacts on benthic habitat, including deepwaterlow energy zones.Approximately 40,000 km 2 of the Canadian Pacific Ocean bottom was trawled between 1996 and 2011, includingportions of the continental shelf and slope down to almost 1400 m deep (see Sinclair et al., 2007 for methodology).Despite 100% observer coverage, area-based closures to protect hexactinellid sponge reefs implemented in 2002,and some excellent species and catch management, there were virtually no habitat rules in the entire area. Environmentalgroups produced reports calling on the government to implement a variety of measures to address habitatconcerns (Ardron, 2005; Wallace, 2007; Fuller et al., 2008; Driscoll et al., 2009), but the influence of these reportswas minimal. Recommended measures included freezing the trawl footprint to ensure previously untrawled areaswould not be impacted by trawl gear in the future and closing specific areas to the fishery to avoid bycatch of coralsand sponges and significantly reduce bottom trawling in deepwater habitats. An increase in market demand for sustainablycaught seafood provided an incentive for environmental groups and industry to work together.Most of the products of the B. C. trawl fishery are sold to markets and major retailers on the west coast of NorthAmerica. Over recent years, most of these markets have committed to sustainable seafood procurement policies,either internally or in partnership with nongovernmental organisations through sustainable seafood programs likeSeaChoice and Seafood Watch. These programs undertake science-based seafood assessments that rank fisheriesand products for sustainability into three categories; green (best choice), yellow (some concerns), or red (avoid).Several of the products from the B. C. bottom trawl fishery are ranked red due to an absence of habitat managementin the fishery. As a result of their red ranking, some of the products from the B. C. trawl fishery would be phased outof procurement by some retailers in the coming years. This provided an incentive to industry to improve its sustainabilityrating.Discussions began with the development of mutually agreed upon criteria to move forward with addressing habitatconservation concerns. Both groups wanted to work within the existing fisheries management system, did notwant to see huge costs incurred by the fishing fleet, and did not want to put anyone out of business. Everyone agreedto work toward mutually beneficial solutions. This paper focuses on the GIS data and techniques used to help developthose solutions.191
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CoastGIS Conference 2013: Monitorin
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Sponsors
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Santos Basin, BrazilA.F. Romero, R.
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Coastline development and associate
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Visual resource management system f
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Use of Terrestrial-LiDAR for quanti
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Community beach monitoring: utilisi
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ResultsMetadata11 th International
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Coastal vulnerability index to glob
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generating probabilities contours f
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maps, the most critical conditions
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Statistical and spatial toolbox for
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Global oceans and marine planning
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Building scenarios and visualizatio
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Using a 3D physics-based visualizat
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Documenting situated tsunami risk p
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SeaSketch11 th International Sympos
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A structured model to enable coasta
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Developing and testing approaches f
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A dynamic GIS as an efficient tool
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GIS spatio-temporal modeling of hum
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ResultsCollected data11 th Internat
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The use of GIS and geospatial techn
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Ocean Radar for Monitoring of the C
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Geophysical investigations of marin
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A semi-supervised learning framewor
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Simulation of maritime paths taking
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COINAtlantic: Sharing through open
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Implementation of the marine data i
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