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97the central janissaries, to distinguish them from the local troops). With morethan two hundred guns, Kam"janec' was among the largest and mostimportant of the Ottoman fortresses—Baghdad, Buda, Belgrade, and Candiain Crete. The other garrisons in Podillja—in Bar, Medżybiż, Jazlovec',and Cortkiv—barely exceeded one hundred soldiers each.The eyalet of Kanfjanec', like other seventeenth-century Ottoman provinces(Crete, Varad, Yanova, and Uyvar) was much smaller than the classicalsixteenth-century Ottoman province. In all the new, late seventeenthcenturyeyalets mentioned above, the Ottomans tried to introduce the classicallandholding (timar) system—a system that had already been abandonedin the central provinces. These efforts should perhaps be considered withinthe context of Köprülü's policy of strengthening the state under the mottoof returning it to the golden age of Sultan Süleyman.The main task facing the Ottoman bureaucracy in the newly conqueredterritory was to register all taxpayers and sources of income. The first suchregister (defter-i mufassal) for Podillja was prepared probably in 1672 butis not extant. It is mentioned in Polish reports and in the later Turkish register.The war interrupted this first survey.In 1680, only after the new treaty (at Zuravno) was confirmed, theformer defterdar (treasurer), Ahmed Paşa, was appointed as the newKam "janec' beylerbeyi and given the task of setting the new boundarieswith the Polish commissioners. Both detailed Polish and Turkish reports onthis action exist. 30After setting the borders, the new mufassal register was prepared(between the autumn of 1680 and the spring of 1681). The eyalet wasdivided into four sancaks (sub-provinces) and nineteen nahiyes (districts).The central sancak of Kam "janee' comprised the valleys of the mostimportant rivers—the Dniester, Smotryć, and Zbruc. The three other sancaksof Bar, Jazlovec', and Medzybiz were much smaller. The sole kadiresided in Kam'^anec'.Defter-i ruznamçe, 1682, Poznań, Wojewódzkie Archiwami Państwowe, sygn. 2).30The Turkish copy is in the Biblioteka Czartoryskich (Cracow), MS 609, no. 21, fols. 81-85(pp. 159-68), and is also registered in Defter-i mufassal (see below) on pp. 378-83; Polishreports can be found in AGAD, AKW, Dz. tur., к. 77, t. 479, no. 803 (detailed relation), andBiblioteka Czartoryskich, Teka Naruszewicza 178, pp. 187-96 (copy of the official protocol ofdelimitation). See also [J. Lelewel], Materiały do dziejów polskich (Poznań, 1847), pp. 165-67(the text of another copy, burned in 1944); and the memoirs of Florian Drobysz Tuszyński, anobleman-soldier assigned to escort Polish commissioners, in Dwa pamiętniki z XVII wieku...,ed. A. Przyboś (Wrocław, 1954), p. 66.