Untitled - The Future Ocean

out by the proponents and will establish new techniques for the study of biomineralization, cellularion regulation and micro-evolutionary adaptations. Research may include the use of natural high-CO 2 environments, bioinformatics, stable isotope analysis, micro-sensor techniques, processorientedmodeling, and comparison with previous ocean acidification events, such as those whichtook place during the PETM and the Mid-Miocene Climate Optimum (14-17 Ma). The primary goalwill be to develop predictive capabilities for biological responses and possible adaptations to CO 2 -induced ocean acidification.Links to other topics in the Cluster include synergetic effects of temperature and pH changes (A2),oceanic CO 2 uptake in the Anthropocene (A3), possible feedback from changes in oceancirculation (A4), consequences of deliberate ocean CO 2 sequestration (A5), effects of pH changeon speciation and reactivity of halogens and trace metals (A6), the economic costs of the loss ofmarine ecosystem services (A7), effects on marine species and genetic biodiversity (B2),implications for fish recruitment, growth and harvest (B1). Infrastructure offered by platforms P2,P3, and P4 will likely be of use to the JRG and to the proponents.5. ReferencesBleich M, Thiele I, Warth R, Greger R (1998) pH-regulatory mechanisms in in vitro perfused rectalgland tubules of Squalus acanthias. Pflügers Arch 436, 248-54.Caldeira K, Wickett ME (2003) Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature 425, 365.Engel, A et al. (2005) Testing the direct effect of CO 2 concentration on a bloom of the coccolithophoridEmiliania huxleyi in mesocosm experiments. Limnol Oceanogr 50, 493-504.Melzner F, Forsythe JW, Lee PG, Wood JB, Piatkowski U, Clemmesen C (2005) Estimatingrecent growth in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis: are nucleic acid-based indicators for growth andcondition the method of choice? J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 317, 37– 51.Orr J C, et al. (2005) Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impacton calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681-686.Raven J, Caldeira K, Elderfield H, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Liss P, Riebesell U, Shepherd J, Turley C,Watson A (2005) Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. RoyalSociety Report 12/05.Regenberg M et al. (2006) Assessing the effect of dissolution on planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Caratios: Evidence from Caribbean core-tops. G-cubed, Manuscript #2005GC001019R.Riebesell U, Zondervan I, Rost B, Tortell PD, Zeebe RE, Morel FMM (2000) Reduced calcification inmarine plankton in response to increased atmospheric CO 2 . Nature 407, 634-637.Sabine CL et al. (2004) The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO 2 . Science 305, 367-371.Schönfeld J, Dullo W-C, Linke P, Pfannkuche O, Rüggeberg A (2005) Benthic foraminifera fromdeep-water coral mounds in the Porcupine Seabight, NE Atlantic. Schriftenr Dt Ges Geowiss39, 340.Wirtz KW, Wiltshire K (2005) Long-term shifts in marine ecosystem functioning detected byassimilation of the Helgoland Roads time-series into a complex food-web model. J M Systems56, 262-282.36