Untitled - The Future Ocean

More documents

Recommendations

Info

2.2.3 Research Topic B3: Fluid-Derived Seafloor ResourcesCoordinators:Prof. Devey, ColinProf. Schneider, Reinhold07.07.1961 20.03.1957Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielIFM-GEOMARInstitut für Informatik und PraktischeFB4: Dynamik des OzeanbodensMathematikWischhofstr. 1-3Christian-Albrechts-Platz 424148 Kiel24118 KielTel.: 0431-600 2256Tel.: 0431-880 7470Fax: 0431-600 2924Fax: 0431-880 4464Email: cdevey@ifm-geomar.deEmail: rs@numerik.uni-kiel.deProf. Hoernle, Kaj16.06.1960Leibniz-Institut für MeereswissenschaftenIFM-GEOMARFB4: Dynamik des OzeanbodensWischhofstr. 1-324148 KielTel.: 0431-600 2256Fax: 0431-600 2924Email: khoernle@ifm-geomar.deFurther Proponents: W. Bensch, J. Behrmann, D. Garbe-Schönberg, I. Grevemeyer,W. Hackbusch, F. Hauff, P. Herzig, A. Holzheid, D. Kläschen, T. Kuhn, K. Lackschewitz, P. Linke,S. Petersen, G. Rehder, V. Schenk, M. Schmidt, K. Wallmann1. Summary / ZusammenfassungSeafloor resources, such as polymetallic sulfides and gas hydrates, are formed by fluidspercolating through and interacting with the igneous and sedimentary rocks of the ocean crust.Polymetallic sulfides are characterized by high contents of copper, zinc as well as of gold, silverand other industrial trace metals which are potential metal resources. Gas hydrates may becomean important energy resource in the near future. The resource elements are extracted from thesubseafloor, transported in fluids and subsequently precipitated close to the seafloor in response tochanging physical-chemical conditions (cf. Figure). Although the physical properties andcomposition of these fluids are well known, there is a substantial gap in our worldwide knowledgeof the mechanisms which drive and control three-dimensional, time-dependent reactive fluid flowthrough the ocean crust. This knowledge is essential for a proper understanding of the formation ofthese seafloor resources and thus their potential exploration. We therefore propose theestablishment of a JRG to determine geologically relevant boundary conditions and to model71
transient three-dimensional fluid flow in the ocean crust in order to improve our understanding ofthe formation of these seafloor resources.Die Bildung von polymetallischen Sulfiden und Gashydraten am Meeresboden ist das Ergebnis derBewegung von Fluiden durch die ozeanische Kruste und der Wechselwirkung mit denmagmatischen und sedimentären Gesteinen. Polymetallische Sulfide sind durch hohe Kupfer- undZinkgehalte gekennzeichnet und können darüber hinaus auch hohe Gold-, Silber- undSpurenmetallgehalte aufweisen, die sie als Rohstoffe interessant machen. Gashydrate hingegengelten als eine mögliche, wichtige Energieresource für die Zukunft. Die chemischen Komponentenwerden aus den Ausgangsgesteinen im Untergrund entfernt, durch Fluide transportiert und angeochemischen und physikalischen Barrieren nahe dem Meeresboden angereichert. Obwohl diephysikochemischen Parameter und die Zusammensetzung der Fluide relativ gut bekannt sind, gibtes kaum Kenntnisse über die Mechanismen, die diesen reaktiven, räumlich-zeitlichen Fluidflussantreiben bzw. kontrollieren. Diese Kenntnisse sind von herausragender Bedeutung für unserVerständnis der Bildung dieser Resourcen und zur Vorhersage ihres Auftretens. Wir schlagendaher die Einrichtung einer neuen Forschergruppe vor, die den dreidimensionalen undzeitabhängigen Fluidfluss in der ozeanischen Kruste und seine Rolle bei der Entstehung vonmarinen Ressourcen untersuchen soll. Die Gruppe soll die geologisch relevantenRahmenbedingungen aufstellen und die notwendigen Modellierungen der Fluidflüsse durchführen,um die Bildung dieser marinen Resourcen besser zu verstehen.2. State-of-the-artThe source of fluids emanating from vents on the seafloor is still under debate, although circulatingheated seawater, metal-rich magmatic fluids and dewatering during subduction appear to be theprinciple sources (Lackschewitz et al. 2004, Hannington et al. 2005, Hensen and Wallmann 2005.Thermal and tectonic cracking of the ocean floor are the major mechanisms for forming apermeable network, thus permitting fluid to penetrate and alter the crust, which however probablybecomes impermeable within several million years after crack formation (Hauff et al. 2003). Recentstudies demonstrate the difficulties involved in modeling the circulation of saline, multi-phasehydrothermal fluids through the ocean crust (Kawada et al. 2004, Geiger et al. 2005). Numericalsimulation, including phase separation, requires the combined treatment of diffusion-type andadvection-type differential operators. A combination of semi-implicit Finite Element Methods (FEM)and explicit (second-order) Finite Volume Methods (FVM) was applied by Geiger et al. (2005) fortemporal two-dimensional flow. Modeling of transient, three-dimensional, time-dependent flow asproposed here, however, requires more advanced numerical techniques, such as adaptivity andfast solvers. Thermodynamics and reaction kinetics of fluids during water/rock interaction arepoorly known, especially for super-critical hydrothermal systems. Currently-used transport-reactionmodels do not incorporate new data, for example, on metal solubility changes or isotopefractionations during sub- and supercritical phase separation (e.g. Allen and Seyfried 2003).72
Page 7 and 8:
Contents1 General Information about
Page 9 and 10:
1 General Information about the Clu
Page 11 and 12:
1.2 Research Program1.2.1 Summary/Z
Page 13 and 14:
1.2.2.2 ObjectivesThe Future Ocean
Page 15 and 16:
will address the emerging new resea
Page 17 and 18:
Topics Objectives DisciplinesA1 Exa
Page 19 and 20:
development of these new initiative
Page 21 and 22:
Project Objective IndustryPartnersO
Page 23 and 24:
Continued excellence in the field o
Page 25 and 26:
The establishment of several new po
Page 27 and 28: 1.4.1 Integrated School of Ocean Sc
Page 29 and 30: ensure that emerging innovations wi
Page 31 and 32: Institute / DisciplineAcademic Leve
Page 33 and 34: their orientation according to the
Page 35 and 36: 1.7.2 Structural Evolution and Qual
Page 37 and 38: 30- Notes -
Page 39 and 40: organisms to elevated CO 2 and decr
Page 41 and 42: ist wahrscheinlich stärker als wä
Page 43 and 44: out by the proponents and will esta
Page 45 and 46: Rückkopplungsschleife weitere Erw
Page 47 and 48: enthic biota of gas release or the
Page 49 and 50: Synthese, aufbauend auf einer Kombi
Page 51 and 52: (4) a determination of the impact o
Page 53 and 54: Einflüsse. Um deren Auswirkungen b
Page 55 and 56: on longer time scales. The latter t
Page 57 and 58: werden kann. Allerdings sind die ch
Page 59 and 60: the expertise which already exists
Page 61 and 62: 2. State-of-the-artThe changing com
Page 63 and 64: • Field and laboratory investigat
Page 65 and 66: Erwärmung der Ozeane kann zur Frei
Page 67 and 68: Valuing the Ocean: Research focus a
Page 69 and 70: submarine earthquakes, slumps and s
Page 71 and 72: Fischerei ist eine der wichtigsten
Page 73 and 74: ecosystems. In particular, the foll
Page 75 and 76: Hochdurchsatztechnologien die Evolu
Page 77: microbial diversity on their barrie
Page 81 and 82: modeling, which describe chemical a
Page 83 and 84: Erdbeben, submarine Hangrutschungen
Page 85 and 86: Simons 2003) to investigate shallow
Page 87 and 88: damit zusammenhängender Meeresspie
Page 89 and 90: B5(1) Sea-Level Rise and Physical-M
Page 91 and 92: Pickrill RA, Todd BJ (2003) The mul
Page 93 and 94: Onate E, Piazzese J (2005) Decision
Page 95 and 96: echtlichen und ökonomischen Rahmen
Page 97 and 98: marine resources, such as energy ex
Page 101 and 102: 2. State-of-the-artThe variety of n
Page 103 and 104: and will benefit from expertise in
Page 105 and 106: Die Plattform 2 stellt die analytis
Page 107 and 108: 4. New Cluster TechnologiesIn order
Page 109 and 110: (iv) Proteomanalysetechniken und (v
Page 111 and 112: 4. New Cluster TechnologiesA specia
Page 113 and 114: Illustration of existing/emerging a
Page 115 and 116: physical parameters (e.g. lowered a
Page 117 and 118: etabliert, das insbesondere auf wis
Page 119 and 120: 2.4.3.2 Central Funds for Transfer
Page 121 and 122: International School of Ocean Scien
Page 123 and 124: Description Year of purchase Amount
Page 125 and 126: 3.2 Auxiliary Support3.2.1 Total Fu
Page 129 and 130:
Suess E, Torres ME, Bohrmann G, Col
Page 131 and 132:
Schreiber, StefanVisbeck, MartinSri
Page 133 and 134:
4.3 Third-Party FundingNo. FundingB
Page 135 and 136:
Leibniz Institute of Marine Science
Page 137 and 138:
These JRG’s will augment the expe
Page 139 and 140:
The Cluster is embedded in the “K
Page 141 and 142:
A14- Notes -
Page 143 and 144:
4.6 Curricula Vitae and Lists of Pu
Page 145 and 146:
Curriculum of ResearchPersonal Data
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
A82- Notes -
Page 211 and 212:
DEKLIMGerman Climate Research Progr
Page 213 and 214:
ITQ’sISAISOSJRGKCMSKitzLALIFLIMSL
Page 215 and 216:
WTOWTSHXAFSXRDZMBWorld Trade Organi
Page 218:
Prof. Dr. Boris Culik • Maritimes
Page 230:
GMT-Geschäf*sstelleWe"*w{eltJ"*n $
Page 236:
f,rylheonRaytheon Anschütz GmbHPos
show all

Untitled - The Future Ocean

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?