Untitled - The Future Ocean

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2.2.2 Research Topic B2: Marine Medicine: Interactions between Complex Barriers andMicrobiota in the OceanCoordinators:Prof. Schreiber, StefanProf. LaRoche, Julie25.06.1962 25.06.1957Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielLeibniz-Institut für MeereswissenschaftenInstitut für klinische MolekularbiologieIFM-GEOMARSchittenhelmstr. 12Düsternbrooker Weg 2024105 Kiel24105 KielTel.: 0431-597 2350Tel.: 0431-600 4212Fax: 0431-597 1434Fax: 0431-600 4202Email: s.schreiber@mucosa.deEmail: jlaroche@ifm-geomar.deFurther Proponents: T. Bosch, B. Hartke, J. Imhoff, U. Kunzendorf, E. Maser, S. Ott,P. Rosenstiel, R. Schmitz-Streit, R. Schulz-Friedrich1. Summary / ZusammenfassungThe protection of organisms by simple (i.e. cell membrane/transporters) or complex barriers isregarded as a pivotal step in the diversification of life. Complex barrier organs are vitally importantto human health. Diseases which affect barrier organs (e.g. skin, mucosa of the lung, urogenitaland gastrointestinal tract) often develop from the interaction between microbes (as triggeringagent) and individual genetic susceptibility. Using a combined bioinformatics and high throughputgenomics approach, the JRG will investigate the evolution and function of orthologs to humansusceptibility genes for barrier dysfunction in marine organisms from diverse phyla. The primaryobjective is to trace the diversification of disease-related genes in marine organisms subject to highselective pressure. This will lead to a better understanding of the interaction between barrier andenvironment and aid in an understanding of the evolutionary pressures which have shaped humandiversity profiles and result in disease under modern living conditions. Laboratory and field studiesinto the complex interplay of host/marine microbiota will be pursued in coordination with the marinegenome mining approach and will result in the development of model systems for the study ofbarrier disease and which may lead to the identification of novel targets for therapy or prevention.Der Schutz von Organismen durch einfache (z.B. Zellmembranen/Transporter) oder komplexeBarrieren ist ein wichtiges Merkmal der Diversifizierung von Lebensformen. Barriereorgane spieleneine entscheidende Rolle für die menschliche Gesundheit. Erkrankungen, die Organe mit großenGrenzflächen befallen (z.B. Haut, Lunge, Darm), entstehen häufig durch die Interaktion zwischenMikroorganismen (als Auslöser) und der individuellen genetischen Suszeptibilität. Die JuniorForschergruppe (JRG) wird mittels kombinierter bioinformatischer Analyse und genomischer67
Hochdurchsatztechnologien die Evolution und Funktion der Orthologe humanerSuszeptibilitätsgene für Barrierestörungen in einfachen und komplexen marinen Organismenuntersuchen. Im Fokus des Projekts wird der Einfluss des hohen Selektionsdrucks auf diegenetische Variabilität mariner Organismen und die komplexe Interaktion zwischen Barriereorganund Umwelt stehen. Ein Verständnis dieser evolutionären Mechanismen, wird Rückschlüsseerlauben, warum genetische Varianten in Barrieregenen unter heutigen Bedingungen beimMenschen zu Erkrankungen führen. Labor- und Feldstudien in Kombination mit 'marine genomemining’ werden in der Etablierung von Modellsystemen resultieren, die zur Entwicklung neuertherapeutischer oder präventiver Strategien für menschliche Barriereerkrankungen genutzt werdensollen.2. State-of-the-artThe large diversity of marine organisms is due to the long evolutionary period preceding thecolonization of terrestrial habitats (2.7 my). Of the 33 currently described phyla, 32 are present inthe marine environment and 15 are found exclusively there. Biological barriers which shieldunicellular and complex organisms against environmental stress or invading microbiota evolved inthe ocean. The surfaces of marine organisms are exposed to complex microflora and are subjectto extensive attack and counterattack processes. The resulting evolutionary selection pressureswhich act on marine barrier organs are also relevant for human barrier organs and their microbiota.However, in contrast to humans, who control their physical habitat, the genetic diversity of marinebiota remains under strong evolutionary pressure from its variable environment. The broadspectrum of human diseases linked to barrier dysfunction, ranging from acute bacterial infectionsto atopy and Crohn's disease, poses a burden for healthcare worldwide. Genetic variations whichaffect barrier function strongly predispose humans to acute and chronic inflammatory disorders ofbarrier organs. Thus, it is vital that we understand the factors which precipitate polygenicsusceptibility to disease. These factors are difficult to understand by observational methods inhumans, but are better understood in simple and accessible model systems. The importance ofthis approach has been recently demonstrated by a series of publications describing how Vibriospecies attach to the same sugar groups in the chitin exoskeleton of marine invertebrates as theydo in the epithelial cells which line the human stomach (Kin et al. 2005). Chitinase has recentlybeen linked to a number of human diseases, such as allergic inflammation which occurs in asthmaand to the colonization of epithelial stomach cells by pathogenic Vibrio in cholera (Zhu et al. 2004).3. Previous and on-going work of the proponentsThe several proponents have expertise in the following fields: (i) genetic and functional genomicanalysis of human disease genes which affect barrier function (Crohn's disease) (Hampe et al.2001, Stoll et al. 2004), (ii) phylogenetic analyses of complex microbial populations in marineenvironmental samples and human biofilms (i.e. 16S/18S rDNA profiles, functional gene diversity),(iii) construction and archiving of metagenomic libraries for functional studies (Streit and Schmitz2004), (iv) mechanisms of adaptation to iron limitation in marine biota (Boyd et al. 2000), (v) thestudy of genetically modified oceanic organisms (diatom, urochordates) for mechanistic studies of68
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Contents1 General Information about
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1 General Information about the Clu
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1.2 Research Program1.2.1 Summary/Z
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1.2.2.2 ObjectivesThe Future Ocean
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will address the emerging new resea
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Topics Objectives DisciplinesA1 Exa
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development of these new initiative
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Project Objective IndustryPartnersO
Page 23 and 24: Continued excellence in the field o
Page 25 and 26: The establishment of several new po
Page 27 and 28: 1.4.1 Integrated School of Ocean Sc
Page 29 and 30: ensure that emerging innovations wi
Page 31 and 32: Institute / DisciplineAcademic Leve
Page 33 and 34: their orientation according to the
Page 35 and 36: 1.7.2 Structural Evolution and Qual
Page 37 and 38: 30- Notes -
Page 39 and 40: organisms to elevated CO 2 and decr
Page 41 and 42: ist wahrscheinlich stärker als wä
Page 43 and 44: out by the proponents and will esta
Page 45 and 46: Rückkopplungsschleife weitere Erw
Page 47 and 48: enthic biota of gas release or the
Page 49 and 50: Synthese, aufbauend auf einer Kombi
Page 51 and 52: (4) a determination of the impact o
Page 53 and 54: Einflüsse. Um deren Auswirkungen b
Page 55 and 56: on longer time scales. The latter t
Page 57 and 58: werden kann. Allerdings sind die ch
Page 59 and 60: the expertise which already exists
Page 61 and 62: 2. State-of-the-artThe changing com
Page 63 and 64: • Field and laboratory investigat
Page 65 and 66: Erwärmung der Ozeane kann zur Frei
Page 67 and 68: Valuing the Ocean: Research focus a
Page 69 and 70: submarine earthquakes, slumps and s
Page 71 and 72: Fischerei ist eine der wichtigsten
Page 73: ecosystems. In particular, the foll
Page 77 and 78: microbial diversity on their barrie
Page 79 and 80: transient three-dimensional fluid f
Page 81 and 82: modeling, which describe chemical a
Page 83 and 84: Erdbeben, submarine Hangrutschungen
Page 85 and 86: Simons 2003) to investigate shallow
Page 87 and 88: damit zusammenhängender Meeresspie
Page 89 and 90: B5(1) Sea-Level Rise and Physical-M
Page 91 and 92: Pickrill RA, Todd BJ (2003) The mul
Page 93 and 94: Onate E, Piazzese J (2005) Decision
Page 95 and 96: echtlichen und ökonomischen Rahmen
Page 97 and 98: marine resources, such as energy ex
Page 99 and 100: 92- Notes -
Page 101 and 102: 2. State-of-the-artThe variety of n
Page 103 and 104: and will benefit from expertise in
Page 105 and 106: Die Plattform 2 stellt die analytis
Page 107 and 108: 4. New Cluster TechnologiesIn order
Page 109 and 110: (iv) Proteomanalysetechniken und (v
Page 111 and 112: 4. New Cluster TechnologiesA specia
Page 113 and 114: Illustration of existing/emerging a
Page 115 and 116: physical parameters (e.g. lowered a
Page 117 and 118: etabliert, das insbesondere auf wis
Page 119 and 120: 2.4.3.2 Central Funds for Transfer
Page 121 and 122: International School of Ocean Scien
Page 123 and 124: Description Year of purchase Amount
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3.2 Auxiliary Support3.2.1 Total Fu
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120- Notes -
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Suess E, Torres ME, Bohrmann G, Col
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Schreiber, StefanVisbeck, MartinSri
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4.3 Third-Party FundingNo. FundingB
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Leibniz Institute of Marine Science
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These JRG’s will augment the expe
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The Cluster is embedded in the “K
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A14- Notes -
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4.6 Curricula Vitae and Lists of Pu
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Curriculum of ResearchPersonal Data
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A82- Notes -
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DEKLIMGerman Climate Research Progr
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ITQ’sISAISOSJRGKCMSKitzLALIFLIMSL
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WTOWTSHXAFSXRDZMBWorld Trade Organi
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Prof. Dr. Boris Culik • Maritimes
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GMT-Geschäf*sstelleWe"*w{eltJ"*n $
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f,rylheonRaytheon Anschütz GmbHPos
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