Untitled - The Future Ocean

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3. Previous and on-going work of the proponentsThe project builds on the combined expertise in high-resolution ocean circulation andbiogeochemical modeling at IFM-GEOMAR as well as in modern algorithms in numericalmathematics and computer science at the Interdisciplinary Center for Numerical Simulation (ICN)and is strongly aided by expertise provided by the observational groups at IFM-GEOMAR in thedetermination and interpretation of biogeochemical properties related to the anthropogenic carbonsignal. Ocean model development has a long history in Kiel, witnessed by the leading role of theproponents in major international panels, e.g., of WCRP modeling groups. Modeling activities havecontributed to the German CLIVARmarine and DEKLIM programs and are involved in SFB 460,DFG FG 432, and the EU projects NOCES, CARBOOCEAN and DYNAMITE. On-going projects atICN include research into modern algorithms in numerical mathematics and computer science, inparticular based on expertise in combinatorial and continuous optimization gained in DFG GK 357Efficient Algorithms and Multiscale Methods and DFG Priority Program 1126 Algorithmic Aspectsof Large and Complex Networks.4. ObjectivesThe objective of the research proposed here is to quantify the present and future uptake ofanthropogenic CO 2 by the global ocean, pathways into the ocean, and interactions with thebiogeochemical system. The research program will build on and be embedded in continuingdevelopments in coupled physical-biogeochemical modeling carried out at IFM-GEOMAR, inparticular within the context of the Kiel Climate Model System (KCMS). Linkage with expertise atICN will provide the critical means for refining modeling capabilities through the exploration ofnovel algorithms for large-scale optimization problems. ICN will thus provide the framework for aniterative reduction of model uncertainties, particularly in relation to simulations of biogeochemicalcomponents and air-sea gas exchange. The specific objective of the JRG is to contribute to theproject’s goal of an improved determination of the ocean’s CO 2 uptake, by exploring advancedmethods of constraining numerical simulations through the assimilation of both physical andbiogeochemical data. This represents, in the context of three-dimensional carbon cycle models, agrand challenge of vastly increased complexity. In combination with the activities of the proponentsat IFM-GEOMAR and ICN, the project will thus embark on these objectives:(1) the application and assessment of innovative methods in assimilating data in three-dimensionalocean carbon-cycle models; exploration and utilization of modern algorithmic methods foroptimizing model simulations of ocean variability and future change.(2) the refinement of the KCMS hierarchy by identifying the critical physical and biogeochemicalprocesses governing simulations of the oceanic carbon cycle as well as through systematiccombinations of model dynamics and relevant data for the last decades;(3) a determination of the mechanisms and rates of changes in the ocean’s biogeochemicalproperties, as driven by ocean-atmosphere variability on seasonal to interdecadal time scales;43
(4) a determination of the impact of anthropogenic climate changes, such as higher stratificationand lower levels of mixing, more frequent El Niño episodes, the slowing of Atlantic overturning, adecrease in Arctic sea ice, etc., on oceanic CO 2 uptake and marine biogeochemical cycles.The A3 ocean modeling program is closely related to the climate modeling in A4; together theseprojects will contribute to various other Cluster projects by providing model simulations of the earthsystem, quantifying the natural variability and range of future changes in various physical andbiogeochemical properties (e.g., circulation, temperature, CO 2 uptake), as required in A1, A2, A5,A7 and B1. A3 research will heavily rest on the infrastructure and tools provided by researchplatform P1 and interact with the observing system capabilities provided by P4; together with A4 itwill contribute to the development of the comprehensive “Kiel Climate Model System” provided andmaintained through P1.5. ReferencesAumont O, Orr JC, Monfray P, Madec G, Maier-Reimer E (1999) Nutrient trapping in the equatorialPacific: The ocean circulation solution. Glob. Biochem. Cycles 13, 351-370.Doney SC et al. (2004) Evaluating global ocean carbon models: The importance of realisticphysics. Glob. Biochem. Cycles 18 (GB3017).Eden C, Oschlies A (2006) Adiabatic reduction of circulation-related CO 2 air-sea flux biases in aNorth Atlantic carbon-cycle model. Glob. Biochem. Cycles, in press.Fasham MJR, Evans GT (1995) The use of optimization techniques to model marine ecosystemdynamics at the JGOFS station at 47N, 20W. Phil. Trans Roy. Soc. (B) 348(1324).Maier-Reimer E, Hasselmann K (1987) Transport and storage of CO 2 in the ocean - an inorganicocean-circulation carbon cycle model. Clim. Dynamics 2 (2), 63-90.LeQuere C, Orr JC, Monfray P, Aumont O, Madec G (2000) Interannual variability of the oceanicsink of CO 2 from 1979 to 1997. Glob. Biochem. Cycles 14, 247-265.Orr JC et al. (2001) Estimates of anthropogenic carbon uptake from four threedimensional globalocean models. Glob. Biochem. Cycles 15(1), 43-60.Oschlies A, Schartau M (2005) Basin-scale performance of a locally optimized marine ecosystemmodel. Journal of Marine Research (63/2), 335-358.Sabine C et al. (2004) The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO 2 . Science 305 (5682).Schartau M, Oschlies A, Willebrand J (2001) Parameter estimates of a zero-dimensionalecosystem model applying the adjoint method. Deep Sea Research II 48, 1769-1800.Tanhua T, Biastoch A, Körtzinger A, Lüger H, Böning C, Wallace DWR (2006) Changes ofanthropogenic CO 2 and CFCs in the North Atlantic 1981-2004. Glob. Biochem. Cycl.(accepted).Wanninkhof R et al. (1999) Comparison of methods to determine the anthropogenic CO 2 invasioninto the Atlantic Ocean. Tellus 51B, 511-530.Wetzel P, Winguth A, Maier-Reimer E (2005) Sea-to-air CO 2 flux from 1948 to 2003: A modelstudy. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 19, GB2005, doi:10.1029/2004GB002339.44
Page 7 and 8: Contents1 General Information about
Page 9 and 10: 1 General Information about the Clu
Page 11 and 12: 1.2 Research Program1.2.1 Summary/Z
Page 13 and 14: 1.2.2.2 ObjectivesThe Future Ocean
Page 15 and 16: will address the emerging new resea
Page 17 and 18: Topics Objectives DisciplinesA1 Exa
Page 19 and 20: development of these new initiative
Page 21 and 22: Project Objective IndustryPartnersO
Page 23 and 24: Continued excellence in the field o
Page 25 and 26: The establishment of several new po
Page 27 and 28: 1.4.1 Integrated School of Ocean Sc
Page 29 and 30: ensure that emerging innovations wi
Page 31 and 32: Institute / DisciplineAcademic Leve
Page 33 and 34: their orientation according to the
Page 35 and 36: 1.7.2 Structural Evolution and Qual
Page 37 and 38: 30- Notes -
Page 39 and 40: organisms to elevated CO 2 and decr
Page 41 and 42: ist wahrscheinlich stärker als wä
Page 43 and 44: out by the proponents and will esta
Page 45 and 46: Rückkopplungsschleife weitere Erw
Page 47 and 48: enthic biota of gas release or the
Page 49: Synthese, aufbauend auf einer Kombi
Page 53 and 54: Einflüsse. Um deren Auswirkungen b
Page 55 and 56: on longer time scales. The latter t
Page 57 and 58: werden kann. Allerdings sind die ch
Page 59 and 60: the expertise which already exists
Page 61 and 62: 2. State-of-the-artThe changing com
Page 63 and 64: • Field and laboratory investigat
Page 65 and 66: Erwärmung der Ozeane kann zur Frei
Page 67 and 68: Valuing the Ocean: Research focus a
Page 69 and 70: submarine earthquakes, slumps and s
Page 71 and 72: Fischerei ist eine der wichtigsten
Page 73 and 74: ecosystems. In particular, the foll
Page 75 and 76: Hochdurchsatztechnologien die Evolu
Page 77 and 78: microbial diversity on their barrie
Page 79 and 80: transient three-dimensional fluid f
Page 81 and 82: modeling, which describe chemical a
Page 83 and 84: Erdbeben, submarine Hangrutschungen
Page 85 and 86: Simons 2003) to investigate shallow
Page 87 and 88: damit zusammenhängender Meeresspie
Page 89 and 90: B5(1) Sea-Level Rise and Physical-M
Page 91 and 92: Pickrill RA, Todd BJ (2003) The mul
Page 93 and 94: Onate E, Piazzese J (2005) Decision
Page 95 and 96: echtlichen und ökonomischen Rahmen
Page 97 and 98: marine resources, such as energy ex
Page 99 and 100: 92- Notes -
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2. State-of-the-artThe variety of n
Page 103 and 104:
and will benefit from expertise in
Page 105 and 106:
Die Plattform 2 stellt die analytis
Page 107 and 108:
4. New Cluster TechnologiesIn order
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(iv) Proteomanalysetechniken und (v
Page 111 and 112:
4. New Cluster TechnologiesA specia
Page 113 and 114:
Illustration of existing/emerging a
Page 115 and 116:
physical parameters (e.g. lowered a
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etabliert, das insbesondere auf wis
Page 119 and 120:
2.4.3.2 Central Funds for Transfer
Page 121 and 122:
International School of Ocean Scien
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Description Year of purchase Amount
Page 125 and 126:
3.2 Auxiliary Support3.2.1 Total Fu
Page 127 and 128:
120- Notes -
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Suess E, Torres ME, Bohrmann G, Col
Page 131 and 132:
Schreiber, StefanVisbeck, MartinSri
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4.3 Third-Party FundingNo. FundingB
Page 135 and 136:
Leibniz Institute of Marine Science
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These JRG’s will augment the expe
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The Cluster is embedded in the “K
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A14- Notes -
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4.6 Curricula Vitae and Lists of Pu
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Curriculum of ResearchPersonal Data
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A82- Notes -
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DEKLIMGerman Climate Research Progr
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ITQ’sISAISOSJRGKCMSKitzLALIFLIMSL
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WTOWTSHXAFSXRDZMBWorld Trade Organi
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Prof. Dr. Boris Culik • Maritimes
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GMT-Geschäf*sstelleWe"*w{eltJ"*n $
Page 236:
f,rylheonRaytheon Anschütz GmbHPos
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