Untitled - The Future Ocean

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mechanisms on the other hand. Most experience within the EU exists with rules governing theprotection of specific groups of organisms (cf. e.g. Agreement on the Conservation of SmallCetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas (ASCOBANS), Helsinki Commission (HELCOM)), or withseveral EU directives, such as those concerning birds and habitats. With regard to the EEZ, aEuropean marine strategy is currently in the process of being developed.Maritime economic research has primarily focused on fishery, including the modeling of dynamicmultidimensional problems of species interaction, optimal harvesting, economic regulation andinternational environmental agreements. A further line of research relevant for this project is thedevelopment of liability rules (Shavell 2004).3. Previous and on-going work of the proponentsThe Walther Schücking Institute of International Law (WSI) has traditionally been very active inmatters related to the law of the sea, with one of its members acting as adviser to the German Lawof the Sea delegation to the 3 rd UNCLOS. In co-operation with IFM-GEOMAR, the WaltherSchücking Institute is currently undertaking a study on international legal aspects of unmannedmaritime research instruments, in particular, drifters, gliders and voluntary ship observations, whichare all part of the platform P4. IFM-GEOMAR has a strong background in seafloor resourceresearch and is becoming increasingly involved in defining good research practice relevant to thediscussion of protected marine areas and provides expert advice to the ABE-LOS (Advisory Bodyof Experts on the Law of the Sea) The Research and Technology Center Westcoast (FTZ) isconcerned with the ecology of marine mammals and seabirds. Research performed over the pastten years include studies of the anthropogenic effects on these animals with a focus on the effectsof pollutant burden on the immune system and endocrinium of marine mammals. The researchdone in this group will deliver data and knowledge necessary for the development of criteria forprotected marine areas. These data must be compared with applicable legal rules in order todiscuss whether those rules are appropriate for improving the protected status of marine livingresources and thus also ensure the sustainable use of the seas (cf. e.g. Garthe and Scherp 2003,Scheidat et al. 2004, Schwemmer and Garthe 2005).The Department of Economics at the University of Kiel has been and continues to be primarilyconcerned with incentive schemes of policy instruments, such as tradable fishing quotas, permitsfor pollution and other forms of allocating property rights for (seabed) resources whereinadequately defined property rights may lead to overexploitation and insufficient regard for(maritime) pollution issues (Requate 2005).4. ObjectivesThe JRG and the proponents will study the legal issues associated with marine observations anduse of resources which have not yet been sufficiently addressed by norms of international law,such as the UNCLOS Convention of 1982/94. They will combine expertise in the law of the sea,international economic law (e.g. GATT/WTO) and/or international environmental law. Given theclear multidisciplinary composition of the overall group, research will focus on: (1) problems of89
marine resources, such as energy exploitation at sea (alternative energies, pipelines), taking intoaccount the work of the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the EU and other regional maritimeorganizations; (2) the analysis of innovative marine observations and uses and their environmentalimplications from both a legal perspective and from the viewpoint of practical implementation; (3)the legal and economic analysis of various types of incentive schemes induced by national andinternational law, in particular liability rules; (4) the design of innovative legal rules suitable tomitigate inadequately defined property rights, such as new forms of tradable fishing quotas orexploitation rights; (5) the analysis of climate change repercussions on the law of the sea; (6) theexamination of the issues of safety and security at sea (such as natural disasters, terrorism, illegalacts) and the environmental protection of regional seas (such as the Baltic Sea) and protectedareas.B6 is designed to provide research into the legal framework for a number of marine issues withinthe Cluster. Close linkages are envisioned with the A7, B1, B2, B3 and B5.5. ReferencesColijn F, Garthe S (2006) EU Directives and their effects on the ecosystem of the Wadden Sea.Proceedings of the 11 th Scientific Wadden Sea Symposium (forthcoming).Garthe S, Hüppop O (2004) Scaling possible adverse effects of marine wind farms on seabirds:developing and applying a vulnerability index. Journal of Applied Ecology 41, 724-734.Garthe S, Scherp B (2003) Utilization of discards and offal from commercial fisheries by seabirdsin the Baltic Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 60, 980-989.Jenisch U (2006) Zehn Jahre neues Internationales Seerecht – eine Bilanz des VN- Seerechtsübereinkommens1994 – 2004. Natur u. Recht, 79-86.Jenisch U (2004) EU Maritime Transport – Policy, Legislation and Administration. WMU Journal,2, 67-83.Jenisch U (2002) The Development of Environmental Standards for the Baltic Sea. in: MarineIssues. Ehlers/ Mann-Borgese/ Wolfrum (eds.) 63-72.Requate T (2005) Dynamic Incentives by Environmental Policy Instruments - a Survey, EcologicalEconomics 54, 175-195.Scheidat M, Kock KH, Siebert U (2004) Summer distribution of harbour porpoise (Phocoenaphocoena) in the German North and Baltic Sea. Journal of Cetacean Research andManagement 6, 251-257.Schwemmer P, Garthe S (2005) At-sea distribution and behaviour of a surface-feeding seabird,the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus, and its association with different prey. MarineEcology Progress Series 285, 245-258.Shavell S (2004) Foundations of Economic Analysis of Law, Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Ma.Zimmermann A (2003) Rechtliche Probleme bei der Errichtung seegestützterWindenergieanlagen, Die Öffentliche Verwaltung, 133-140.90
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Contents1 General Information about
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1 General Information about the Clu
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1.2 Research Program1.2.1 Summary/Z
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1.2.2.2 ObjectivesThe Future Ocean
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will address the emerging new resea
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Topics Objectives DisciplinesA1 Exa
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development of these new initiative
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Project Objective IndustryPartnersO
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Continued excellence in the field o
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The establishment of several new po
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1.4.1 Integrated School of Ocean Sc
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ensure that emerging innovations wi
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Institute / DisciplineAcademic Leve
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their orientation according to the
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1.7.2 Structural Evolution and Qual
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30- Notes -
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organisms to elevated CO 2 and decr
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ist wahrscheinlich stärker als wä
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out by the proponents and will esta
Page 45 and 46: Rückkopplungsschleife weitere Erw
Page 47 and 48: enthic biota of gas release or the
Page 49 and 50: Synthese, aufbauend auf einer Kombi
Page 51 and 52: (4) a determination of the impact o
Page 53 and 54: Einflüsse. Um deren Auswirkungen b
Page 55 and 56: on longer time scales. The latter t
Page 57 and 58: werden kann. Allerdings sind die ch
Page 59 and 60: the expertise which already exists
Page 61 and 62: 2. State-of-the-artThe changing com
Page 63 and 64: • Field and laboratory investigat
Page 65 and 66: Erwärmung der Ozeane kann zur Frei
Page 67 and 68: Valuing the Ocean: Research focus a
Page 69 and 70: submarine earthquakes, slumps and s
Page 71 and 72: Fischerei ist eine der wichtigsten
Page 73 and 74: ecosystems. In particular, the foll
Page 75 and 76: Hochdurchsatztechnologien die Evolu
Page 77 and 78: microbial diversity on their barrie
Page 79 and 80: transient three-dimensional fluid f
Page 81 and 82: modeling, which describe chemical a
Page 83 and 84: Erdbeben, submarine Hangrutschungen
Page 85 and 86: Simons 2003) to investigate shallow
Page 87 and 88: damit zusammenhängender Meeresspie
Page 89 and 90: B5(1) Sea-Level Rise and Physical-M
Page 91 and 92: Pickrill RA, Todd BJ (2003) The mul
Page 93 and 94: Onate E, Piazzese J (2005) Decision
Page 95: echtlichen und ökonomischen Rahmen
Page 99 and 100: 92- Notes -
Page 101 and 102: 2. State-of-the-artThe variety of n
Page 103 and 104: and will benefit from expertise in
Page 105 and 106: Die Plattform 2 stellt die analytis
Page 107 and 108: 4. New Cluster TechnologiesIn order
Page 109 and 110: (iv) Proteomanalysetechniken und (v
Page 111 and 112: 4. New Cluster TechnologiesA specia
Page 113 and 114: Illustration of existing/emerging a
Page 115 and 116: physical parameters (e.g. lowered a
Page 117 and 118: etabliert, das insbesondere auf wis
Page 119 and 120: 2.4.3.2 Central Funds for Transfer
Page 121 and 122: International School of Ocean Scien
Page 123 and 124: Description Year of purchase Amount
Page 125 and 126: 3.2 Auxiliary Support3.2.1 Total Fu
Page 127 and 128: 120- Notes -
Page 129 and 130: Suess E, Torres ME, Bohrmann G, Col
Page 131 and 132: Schreiber, StefanVisbeck, MartinSri
Page 133 and 134: 4.3 Third-Party FundingNo. FundingB
Page 135 and 136: Leibniz Institute of Marine Science
Page 137 and 138: These JRG’s will augment the expe
Page 139 and 140: The Cluster is embedded in the “K
Page 141 and 142: A14- Notes -
Page 143 and 144: 4.6 Curricula Vitae and Lists of Pu
Page 145 and 146: Curriculum of ResearchPersonal Data
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Curriculum of ResearchPersonal Data
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A82- Notes -
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DEKLIMGerman Climate Research Progr
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ITQ’sISAISOSJRGKCMSKitzLALIFLIMSL
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WTOWTSHXAFSXRDZMBWorld Trade Organi
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Prof. Dr. Boris Culik • Maritimes
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GMT-Geschäf*sstelleWe"*w{eltJ"*n $
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f,rylheonRaytheon Anschütz GmbHPos
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