GAW Report No. 205 - IGAC Project

CHAPTER 6 - EUROPEFigure 17 - Total emissions from different sources in Moscow during 1990 – 2008[Report, 2002; 2009; Kasimov et al., 2004]Figure 18 - Average vehicle fleet emissions for the Moscow transport sector in g/km and % of the total emissions[Atlas, 2000]6.4.3 Overview of pollution levelsUrban and in the surrounding suburb regionsAir pollution in Moscow is very inhomogeneous (Figure 19). Hotspots are the roads and theirsurrounding areas. In residential areas, the pollutant concentrations are about 15-30% less than inthe centre of Moscow and 30-50% less than in the vicinity of highways (Table 2). There is also somevariability over time, though the overall integrated level of pollution is relatively stable, as can beseen in the integrated air pollution index (API), which calculated based on the concentrations of 5major pollutants (CO, NO 2 , NO, O 3 , and formaldehyde) relative to the national guidelineconcentrations for each pollutant, and a scaling factor which indicates the relative toxicity of eachpollutant, so that a dimensionless comparable quantity indicating the overall pollution level isdetermined. The API was 6.2 in 2008, 6.3 in 2007, 6.4 in 2006, 6.1 in 2005, and 6.2 in 2004.210