design considerations for aluminum hull structures - Ship Structure ...

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-1o2-TABLE 28CarriersComparison of Steel and Aluminum Bulk(challenger Class) Two-Leg VoyagesCaseNumb erShipLife(Years)NO. of ShipsPurchasedStructureMaterialRoundVoyageDistanceAnnualCargoCarried-L. T.RequiredFreight Rate++Ship NetInvestment37)38)3?)iJo)41j42)43)44)u)46)l!7)48)49)50)51)52)53)5L)20 120 120 125 125 125 130 130 130 120 120 120 125 125 125 130 130 130 1SteelSteelSteelste@lSteel.steelSteelS* eelSteelAluminumAluminumAluminumAluminumAluminumAluminwAluminumAluminumAluminumA,ooo8,40012,0004,0008,40012,0004,0008,40012,000j,~;;12;000j,oo;12;0004,000$,40012,0001,006,361511,839>63,6101,003, 8L5~10,558362,7001,003,84s~1o,~58362,7001,071,9895’47,313389,3661,071,9895b7,313389,3661,071,989547,313389,366$ :.;;per ton9.563.426.669.323.326.1169.olJ3.8I7.3810.343.747.2S10.1
-i n.. ,,, .-lu.2--~-”’”1‘ ! I 1 I,—.—I I 11>111032Y IALUhllNA. BALUHm’-’;I I I Ifl I I I I,’ 1,,,I,’.,I1 II‘ :,~ 1 I I INote: Distance for Aluminum (AL) and Steen~T) Dry Bulk Carri~~sSimilar to CHAI,LENGER-Based on Single Ship Procurement ,IiI }!,II I I I I I Io 24 6 E !0 12 14 16 18 m 22 24 26 28ROUND VOYAGE DISTANCE -1 WO MILESFIG. 19 Required Freight Rate Versus Round Vo.yaqe .-NUM BER OF IDENTICA L $.H,m, +~--”-‘L i i ,:~~.—10 12 14 16 Is mSHIP lNVE~MENT COET MILLIONS $FIG. 20Required Freight Rate Versus Ship Investment Cost
Page 5:
CONTENTSI.. II.III.Iv.v.VI ●VII.I
Page 9 and 10:
LIST OF FIGURES(Cent’d)FIGURE NO.
Page 11 and 12:
I. INTRODUCTIONThis report summariz
Page 13:
art in fabricating and maintaining
Page 16 and 17:
MONTEROSSO GRANA /17VALGRANA / CARA
Page 18 and 19:
-8-Numerous references have been re
Page 20 and 21:
.10.TABLE 2. Mechanical Properties
Page 22 and 23:
TABLE 2 Mechanical Properties of Al
Page 24 and 25:
TABLE 3 Mechanical Property Limits
Page 26 and 27:
-16-l?igures5, 6, 7 ati 8 present f
Page 28 and 29:
-18-ti-’”’-”-””””-L
Page 30 and 31:
-20-60 .r---.— ..,.— -——,L-
Page 32 and 33:
.22-each stress level, rate of load
Page 34 and 35:
-24-!Z456-H321 = 0.485083-H321 = 0.
Page 36 and 37:
-26-(c)Members with partial or cont
Page 38 and 39:
-28-AllOyS 5083 and 54.56(~ content
Page 40 and 41:
-30-The previous paragraphs have de
Page 42 and 43:
-32-The problem of cargo hold abras
Page 44 and 45:
-34-The question of residual stress
Page 46 and 47:
.36-Each alloy was given a relative
Page 48 and 49:
-38-GENERAL OBSERVATIONSFYior to a
Page 50 and 51:
-40-The question of comparative imp
Page 52 and 53:
-42-(d)(e)Poor quality welds due to
Page 54 and 55:
-44-The ABS criteria noted above we
Page 56 and 57:
-46-DNV would consider fatigue in e
Page 58 and 59:
-48-is less, for the exposed side s
Page 60 and 61:
Equation (2):-50-Hu1l SMa~um = Hull
Page 62 and 63: -52-Another aspect of vibrations wh
Page 64 and 65: -54-000000000Bottom Shell PlateSide
Page 66 and 67: -56-at the deck and keel. This stre
Page 68 and 69: -58-AT is the change inUT= Thermal
Page 70 and 71: -60-SUl@!ARYAll parties contacted f
Page 72 and 73: -62-(c)(d)(e)(f)T~e exterior side o
Page 74 and 75: TABLE 12 Aluminum Bulk Carrier - Su
Page 76 and 77: .66-INSUT.ATION AND SHEATHINGShell8
Page 78 and 79: -68-(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(j)At l
Page 80 and 81: -70-IIF.INSTALLATION OF SYSTEMS AND
Page 82 and 83: Rudder Assembly -carrier should be
Page 84 and 85: -74-(b)MechanicalTensile Strength 6
Page 86 and 87: -76-(e)The steel piping must be of
Page 88 and 89: -78-Other Piping Systems and Valves
Page 90 and 91: -80-struetion for the aluminum hull
Page 92 and 93: -82-Large heavy type machine~ must
Page 94 and 95: suffers attack in an alkaline envir
Page 96 and 97: -86-REPAIRSObtaining proper repairs
Page 98 and 99: -88-The design of the midship s~cti
Page 100 and 101: -90-assuming the increase is applic
Page 102 and 103: LIGHT SHIP WEIGHT ESTIMATE-92-In or
Page 104 and 105: -94-TABLE 20 Aluminum Bulk Carrier
Page 106 and 107: TABLE 22 Trim and StabilityFull Loa
Page 108 and 109: -98-TABLE 24 Price of Steel Bulk Ca
Page 110 and 111: GaseNumber. . . -.,- .TABLE 27 Comp
Page 114 and 115: 12 ---n..T.[T7%l,=LEGS IU ORF=ErY
Page 116 and 117: -106-such as iron ore, on two of th
Page 118 and 119: -108-7)is,zg~ gg~5e mzz~E’4E!~K2j
Page 120 and 121: -11o-(a)(b)(c)(d)Inerting system fo
Page 122 and 123: -112-fatigue, particularly in the p
Page 124 and 125: -114-2k* Installation of Systems an
Page 126 and 127: -116-LIST OF REFERENCES(7)Fatigue P
Page 128 and 129: -11.8-LLST OF REFERENCES(Cent’d)(
Page 130 and 131: -120-ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMAT
Page 132 and 133: -122-redistribution of the still wa
Page 134 and 135: -124-APPENDIX BEXCERPTS FROMRULES A
Page 136 and 137: -126-92.07-10(d)(~) Interior stairs
Page 138 and 139: -128-~gE1+0102030- .. ..—405060
Page 140 and 141: ectintyclassification4KEYWORDSROLEL
Page 142: SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE PUBLICATIO
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