Facts & Figures Book - KPI-JCI

DEFINITIONS AND TERMSAdmixtures—Substances, not normally a part of paving materialsor mixtures, added to them to modify their properties.Agglomeration—Gathering into a ball or mass.Aggregates—In the case of materials for construction,essentially inert materials which when bound together intoa conglomerated mass by a matrix form asphalt, concrete,mortar or plaster; crushed rock or gravel screened to size foruse on road surfaces.Ballast—Broken stone or gravel used in stabilizing a roadbed or making concrete.Bank Gravel—Gravel found in natural deposits, usually moreor less intermixed with fine material, such as sand or clay,or combinations thereof; gravelly clay, gravelly sand, clayeygravel, and sandy gravel, indicate the varying proportions ofthe materials in the mixture.Base—Foundation for pavement.Beneficiation—Improvement of the chemical or physicalproperties of a material or intermediate product by theremoval of undesirable components or impurities.Binder Course—The course, in sheet asphalt and bituminousconcrete pavements, placed between base and surfacecourses.Binder Soil—Material consisting primarily of fine soil particles(fine sand, silt, true clay and colloids); good bindingproperties; commonly referred to as clay binder.Bleeding—Upward migration of bituminous material, resultingin film of bitumen on surface.Blow-up—Localized buckling or shattering of rigid pavementcaused by excessive longitudinal pressure.Bog—Wet spongy ground, sometimes filled with decayedvegetable matter.Boulders—Detrital material greater than about 8” in diameter.Construction Joint—Vertical or notched plane of separationin pavement.Contraction Joint—Joint of either full depth or weakened241