Facts & Figures Book - KPI-JCI

DEFINITIONS AND TERMS (Continued)Slope Angle—The angle with the horizontal at which a particularmaterial will stand indefinitely without movement.Specific Gravity—The ratio of the mass of a unit volume ofa material at a stated temperature to the mass of the samevolume of a gas-free distilled water at the same temperature.Stone—Any natural rock deposit or formation of igneous,sedimentary and/or metamorphic origin, either in original oraltered form.Stone-Sand—Refers to product (usually less than 1/2” indiameter) produced by crushing of rock; usually highly processed,should not be confused with screenings.Stratum—A sheet-like mass of sedimentary rock or earth ofone kind, usually in layers between bed of other kinds.Sub-Grade—Native foundation on which is placed roadmaterial or artificial foundation, in case latter is provided.Sub-Soil—Bed or earth immediately beneath surface soil.Tailings—Stones which, after going through crusher, do notpass through the largest openings on the screen.Top-Soil (Road Surface)—A variety of surfacing usedprincipally in southeastern states, being stripping of certaintop-soils containing natural sand-clay mixture. When placedon road surface, wetted and puddled under traffic, it developsconsiderable stability.Trap—Includes dark-colored, fine-grained, dense igneousrocks composed of ferro-magnesian minerals, basic feldspars,and little or no quartz; ordinary commercial variety isbasalt, diabase, or gabbro.Viscosity—The measure of the ability of a liquid or solid toresist flow. A liquid with high viscosity will resist flow morereadily than a liquid with low viscosity.Voids—Spaces between grains of sand, gravel or soil thatare occupied by water or air or both.Weir—A structure for diverting or measuring the flow of water.246