Facts & Figures Book - KPI-JCI

DEFINITIONS AND TERMS (Continued)Sand—Standard classification of soil or granular materialpassing the 3 ⁄8” (9.52mm) sieve and almost entirely passingthe No. 4 (4.76mm) sieve and predominantly retained on theNo. 200 (74 micron) sieve.Sand Clay (Road Surface)—Surface of sand and clay mixturein which the two materials have been blended so theiropposite qualities tend to maintain a condition of stabilityunder varying moisture content.Sand, Manufactured—Not natural occurring sand, - 3 ⁄8” materialmade by crushing + 3 ⁄8” material.Sandstone—Essentially rounded grains of quartz, with orwithout interstitial cementing materials, with the larger grainstending to be more perfectly rounded than the smaller ones.The fracture takes place usually in the cement leaving thegrains outstanding.Scalp Rock—Rock passed over a screen and rejected—waste rock.Screenings—Broken rock, including dust, or size that will passthrough 1/2” to 3/4” screen, depending upon character of stone.Sedimentary—Rocks formed by the deposit of sediment.Settling Rock—An enlargement to permit the settlement ofdebris carried in suspension, usually provided with means ofejecting the material collected.Shale—Material composed essentially of silica and alumina witha more or less thinly laminated structure imparted by naturalstratification of extremely fine sediments together with pressure.Shell Aggregate—Applies to oyster, clam shells, etc., usedfor road surfacing material; shells are crushed to size butgenerally must be blended with other fine sands to producespecification gradation.Sieve—Test screens with square openings.Slag—By-product of blast furnace; usually makes good pavingmaterial, can be crushed into most any gradation; mostare quite porous.Slates—Rocks, normally clayey in composition, in whichpressure has produced very perfect cleavage; readily splitinto thin, smooth, tough plates.245