Human and Ecological Risk Assessment - Earthjustice

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Section 4.0Risk Characterization50th Percentile Risk Results by CCW Type: SurfaceImpoundments, Groundwater-to-Drinking-Water Pathway (continued)Chemical50th Percentile HQ or Cancer Risk Value aUnlined UnitsClay-Lined UnitsComposite–LinedUnitsLead (MCL) b 0.05 0.007 0Molybdenum 1 0.5 2E-11Nitrate/nitrite (MCL) b 0.1 0.05 7E-08Selenium IV 8E-04 4E-10 0Selenium VI 0.1 0.07 2E-11Codisposed CCW and Coal Refuse – 72 surface impoundmentsCancerArsenic III 6E-04 2E-04 0Arsenic V 3E-04 4E-05 0NoncancerAluminum 5E-04 4E-05 0Barium 4E-04 2E-04 0Boron 0.1 0.06 5E-15Cadmium 0.1 0.05 0Cobalt 20 6 0Lead (MCL) b 0.1 0.01 0Molybdenum 0.8 0.3 3E-18Nitrate/nitrite (MCL) b 0.03 0.01 4E-08Selenium IV 3E-03 9E-05 0Selenium VI 0.1 0.03 5E-15abValues are HQs for all chemicals except arsenic; arsenic values are cancer risk. Zero resultsindicate that contaminant infiltration rates were too small for the contaminant plume to reachthe receptor during the 10,000 year period of the analysis.Values are ratios of exposure concentration to MCL.4.1.1.2 FBC WastesTables 4-5 and 4-6 show the 90th and 50th percentile risk results for FBC landfills byliner type. These results suggest lower risks than for conventional CCW and CCW codisposedwith coal refuse. The difference may be attributed to lower FBC leachate concentrations and thealkaline nature of FBC waste. Note that clay-lined FBC landfills show higher risks than unlinedfacilities, which is counterintuitive considering how clay-lined and unlined units are designedand operated. This result reflects the characteristics of the limited number and locations of FBClandfills. 5 When the risk results of an exposure pathway are viewed at a resolution finer than theanalysis design, a small sample size, along with the interactions of liner type with other site-5FBC WMU data were available for only seven landfills (3 unlined, 3 clay-lined, and 1 composite-lined), and it isnot known how representative these data are with respect to WMU characteristics and locations throughout theUnited States.April 2010–Draft EPA document. 4-8
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationbased inputs, can produce unexpected results. In the case of FBC wastes, the characteristics ofthe three unlined landfills (primarily infiltration rate and areas) were such that their risks werelower than the three clay-lined FBC landfills.abTable 4-5. 90th Percentile Risk Results for FBC Wastes: Landfills,Groundwater-to-Drinking-Water Pathway90th Percentile HQ or Cancer Risk Value aChemical Unlined Units Clay-Lined UnitsFBC Waste – 7 landfillsCancerComposite-LinedUnitsArsenic III 3E-05 6E-05 0Arsenic V 2E-05 2E-05 0NoncancerAluminum 4E-06 2E-05 0Antimony 0.8 3 0Barium 4E-04 2E-03 0Boron 0.02 0.07 0Cadmium 0.1 0.3 0Cobalt 0.4 0.8 0Lead (MCL) b 0.4 0.6 0Molybdenum 0.2 0.5 0Nitrate/nitrite (MCL) b 0.03 0.07 5E-08Selenium IV 3E-14 0.05 0Selenium VI 0.08 0.1 0Thallium 1 4 0Values are HQs for all chemicals except arsenic; arsenic values are cancer risk. Zero resultsindicate that contaminant infiltration rates were too small for the contaminant plume to reach thereceptor during the 10,000-year period of the analysis.Values are ratios of exposure concentration to MCL.Table 4-6. 50th Percentile Risk Results for FBC Wastes: Landfills,Groundwater-to-Drinking-Water Pathway50th Percentile HQ or Cancer Risk Value aChemical Unlined Units Clay-Lined UnitsFBC Waste – 7 landfillsCancerComposite-LinedUnitsArsenic III 0 4E-07 0Arsenic V 0 5E-10 0NoncancerAluminum 0 0 0Antimony 0 0.09 0(continued)April 2010–Draft EPA document. 4-9
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CCWTable of ContentsTable of Conten
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CCWTable of ContentsList of Figures
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CCWTable of Contents4-22. Summary o
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CCWList of AcronymsAcronymDefinitio
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CCWList of AcronymsApril 2010-Draft
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Executive SummaryHuman and Ecologic
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Section 1.0Introduction1.0 Introduc
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Section 1.0Introduction1.3.2 Exposu
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Section 1.0IntroductionThis methodo
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Section 1.0Introduction1.4 Document
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationdata
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Section 2.0Problem FormulationTable
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationsmall
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Section 2.0Problem FormulationFigur
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationonsit
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Section 2.0Problem Formulation2.3 S
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationand C
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationof dr
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Section 3.0Analysisscale analysis.
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization•
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization•
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Section 5.0ReferencesFinkelman, R.B
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Section 5.0ReferencesU.S. EPA (Envi
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Section 5.0Referenceshttp://www.epa
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Section 5.0ReferencesDisposal of Co
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Appendix AConstituent DataA.1 Data
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Appendix AConstituent DataA.2.1 Sel
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Appendix AConstituent Data2. Select
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Appendix AAttachment A-1: Sources o
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April 2010-Draft EPA document.[This
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Appendix AAttachment A-2: CCW Const
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Appendix A Attachment A-3Table A-3-
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Appendix A Attachment A-3Cr IIIHgAg
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Appendix A Attachment A-3NO3CNCd, C
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Appendix BWaste Management UnitsWas
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Appendix BWaste Management Units•
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Appendix BWaste Management Units(e.
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Log(capacity, cubic yards)Log(area,
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Appendix BWaste Management UnitsB.7
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Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
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Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
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Appendix BAttachment B-2: CCW WMU D
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Appendix CSite DataWMU and the wate
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Appendix CSite DataFigure C-1. Exam
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Appendix CSite Dataeach site, eithe
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Appendix CSite DataBecause EPACMTP
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Appendix CSite DataHydrogeologic Se
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Appendix CSite DataFigure C-2. EPAC
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Appendix CSite DataEPACMTP Climate
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Appendix CSite DataRF1 Reach Types
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Appendix CSite DataTable C-9. Regio
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Appendix CSite DataHydrologicRegion
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Appendix CSite DataClawges, R.M., a
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Appendix CAttachment C-1: Soil Data
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Appendix CAttachment C-2: Hydrogeol
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Appendix CAttachment C-3: Climate C
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Appendix CAttachment C-4: Waterbody
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Appendix DMINTEQA2 Nonlinear Sorpti
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Appendix EEquationsIf Cwctot > Csol
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Appendix EAttachment E-1: Surface W
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Appendix EAttachment E-2: Fish Conc
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Appendix EAttachment E-3: Intake Ra
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Appendix FHuman Exposure Factorswer
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Appendix FHuman Exposure FactorsBec
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Appendix FHuman Exposure FactorsF.1
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksG.
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksHu
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksU.
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksRisk
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksH.1.
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksCons
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksU.S.
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Appendix ICalculation of Health-Bas
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Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
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Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
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Appendix KScreening Analysis Result
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Appendix LTime to Peak Concentratio
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