Human and Ecological Risk Assessment - Earthjustice

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Appendix GHuman Health Benchmarksto EPA’s RfC, for 120 substances (CalEPA, 1999b, 2000, 2008). CalEPA used EPA’s inhalationdosimetry methodology (U.S. EPA, 1994) in the derivation of inhalation RELs. The cancerpotency factors and inhalation RELs have undergone internal peer review by various Californiaagencies and have been the subject of public comment.G.1.7Surrogate Health BenchmarksIf no human health benchmarks were available from EPA or alternative sources, wesought benchmarks for similar chemicals to use as surrogate data. For example, the healthbenchmark of a mixture could serve as the surrogate benchmark for its components or abenchmark of a metal salt could serve as the surrogate for an elemental metal.G.2 Human Health BenchmarksThe chronic human health benchmarks used to calculate the health-based numbers(HBNs) in the CCW screening analysis and risk assessment are summarized in Table G-1,which provides the Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number (CASRN), constituent name,RfD (mg/kg-d), oral CSF (mg/kg-d -1 ), and reference for each benchmark. A key to the referencescited and abbreviations used is provided at the end of the table.For a majority of constituents, human health benchmarks were available from IRIS (U.S.EPA, 2009), Superfund Provisional Benchmarks, or HEAST (U.S. EPA, 1997). Benchmarks alsowere obtained from ATSDR (2009) or CalEPA (1999a, 1999b, 2000, 2008). This sectiondescribes benchmarks obtained from other sources, along with the Superfund ProvisionalBenchmarks values and special uses of IRIS benchmarks.Constituent NameTable G-1. Human Health Benchmarks Used in CCW Risk AssessmentCASRNRfD(mg/kg-d)Aluminum 7429-90-5 1.0E+00 PAntimony 7440-36-0 4.0E-04 IRefCSFo(permg/kg-d)Arsenic, inorganic 7440-38-2 3.0E-04 I 1.5E+0 IBarium 7440-39-3 2.0E-01 IBeryllium 7440-41-7 2.0E-03 IBoron 7440-42-8 2.0E-01 IRefMCL(mg/L)NotesCadmium 7440-43-9 5.0E-04 I RfD for H 2 O (food = 1E-3)Chloride 16887-00-6 250Chromium (III),insoluble salts16065-83-1 1.5E+00 IChromium (VI) 18540-29-9 3.0E-03 ICobalt (andcompounds)7440-48-4 3.0E-04 PCopper 7440-50-8 1.0E-02 A 1.3 RfD is the intermediate oral MRLCyanide (amenable) 57-12-5 2.0E-02 I(continued)April 2010–Draft EPA document. G-3
Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksHuman Health Benchmarks Used in CCW Risk Assessment (continued)Constituent NameCASRNRfD(mg/kg-d)RefCSFo(permg/kg-d)RefMCL(mg/L)Divalent mercury 3.0E-04 H RfD is for mercuric chloride; usedfor food, water, soilNotes1.0E-04 I RfD is for methyl mercury; usedfor fish onlyFluoride 16984-48-8 1.2E-01 I RfD is for fluorine; the alternativeIRIS value (for skeletal, ratherthan dental, fluorosis) was usedIron 7439-89-6 7.0E-01 PLead and compounds(inorganic)7439-92-1 0.015Manganese 7439-96-5 1.4E-01 I RfD for food; H 2 O and soil =4.7E-2 mkdMolybdenum 7439-98-7 5.0E-03 INickel, soluble salts 7440-02-0 2.0E-02 INitrate 14797-55-8 1.6E+00 I 10Nitrite 14797-65-0 1.0E-01 ISelenium 7782-49-2 5.0E-03 ISilver 7440-22-4 5.0E-03 IStrontium 7440-24-6 6.0E-01 ISulfate 14808-79-8 250Thallium, elemental 7440-28-0 8.0E-05 I RfD is for thallium chlorideVanadium 7440-62-2 7.0E-03 HZinc 7440-66-6 3.0E-01 IKey:CASRN = Chemical Abstract Service registry number.CSFo = Oral cancer slope factor.RfD = Reference dose.MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level.Sources:A = ATSDR MRLs (ATSDR, 2009)H = HEAST (U.S. EPA, 1997)I = IRIS (U.S. EPA, 2009)P = PPRTV (U.S. EPA, 2006a, 2006b, 2008)The provisional RfD of 1 mg/kg-d developed by NCEA for the Superfund TechnicalSupport Center (U.S. EPA, 2006a) was used for aluminum.The provisional RfD of 0.0003 mg/kg-d developed by NCEA for the SuperfundTechnical Support Center (U.S. EPA, 2008) was used for cobalt.The provisional RfD of 0.7 mg/kg-d developed by NCEA for the Superfund TechnicalSupport Center (U.S. EPA, 2006b) was used for iron.April 2010–Draft EPA document. G-4
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CCWTable of ContentsTable of Conten
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CCWTable of ContentsList of Figures
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CCWTable of Contents4-22. Summary o
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CCWList of AcronymsAcronymDefinitio
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CCWList of AcronymsApril 2010-Draft
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Executive SummaryHuman and Ecologic
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Section 1.0Introduction1.0 Introduc
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Section 1.0Introduction1.3.2 Exposu
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Section 1.0IntroductionThis methodo
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Section 1.0Introduction1.4 Document
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationdata
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Section 2.0Problem FormulationTable
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationsmall
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Section 2.0Problem FormulationFigur
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationonsit
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Section 2.0Problem Formulation2.3 S
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationand C
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationof dr
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Section 3.0Analysisscale analysis.
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Section 3.0Analysis• The RfD is a
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Section 3.0Analysis3.1.2 Ecological
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Section 3.0AnalysisEcological Risk
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Section 3.0Analysisfor the screenin
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Section 3.0AnalysisTable 3-5. Scree
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Section 3.0Analysisapproximately 30
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Section 3.0Analysisthose input file
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Section 3.0AnalysisCCW Waste TypesC
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Section 3.0Analysis• An in-depth
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Section 3.0Analysisused to determin
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Section 3.0Analysisconsolidation. A
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Section 3.0Analysis3.4.4 Model Outp
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Section 3.0Analysisclogged region o
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Section 3.0Analysissurface impoundm
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Section 3.0Analysisobtained from a
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Section 3.0AnalysisIn the saturated
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Section 3.0Analysis• The receptor
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Section 3.0Analysissediment and por
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Section 3.0AnalysisTable 3-11. Alum
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Section 3.0Analysischild was aged f
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Section 3.0Analysisa per kilogram b
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Section 3.0AnalysisNoncancer risk w
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization4.0
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Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationNot
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization90t
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization4.1
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Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationMer
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Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationEPA
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Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationEco
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization•
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization•
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Section 5.0ReferencesFinkelman, R.B
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Section 5.0ReferencesU.S. EPA (Envi
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Section 5.0Referenceshttp://www.epa
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Section 5.0ReferencesDisposal of Co
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Appendix AConstituent DataA.1 Data
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Appendix AConstituent DataA.2.1 Sel
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Appendix AConstituent Data2. Select
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Appendix AAttachment A-1: Sources o
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Appendix AAttachment A-2: CCW Const
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Appendix A Attachment A-3Table A-3-
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Appendix A Attachment A-3Cr IIIHgAg
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Appendix A Attachment A-3NO3CNCd, C
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Appendix BWaste Management UnitsWas
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Appendix BWaste Management Units•
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Appendix BWaste Management Units(e.
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Log(capacity, cubic yards)Log(area,
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Appendix BWaste Management UnitsB.7
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Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
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Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
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Appendix BAttachment B-2: CCW WMU D
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Appendix CSite DataWMU and the wate
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Appendix CSite DataFigure C-1. Exam
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Appendix CSite Dataeach site, eithe
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Appendix CSite DataBecause EPACMTP
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Appendix CSite DataFigure C-2. EPAC
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Appendix CSite DataEPACMTP Climate
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Appendix CSite DataRF1 Reach Types
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Appendix CSite DataTable C-9. Regio
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Appendix CSite DataHydrologicRegion
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Appendix CSite DataClawges, R.M., a
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Appendix CAttachment C-1: Soil Data
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Appendix CAttachment C-4: Waterbody
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Page 373 and 374: Appendix HEcological BenchmarksRisk
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Page 389 and 390: Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
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Page 393 and 394: Appendix KScreening Analysis Result
Page 399 and 400: Appendix LTime to Peak Concentratio
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