Human and Ecological Risk Assessment - Earthjustice

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Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationSbMoTlCr IIIZnBeSe IVAgNiVAnalytesCuCr VIAs IIISe VICdSe, totalBaAlCoPbAs VHgB0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000Ecological Hazard Quotient (HQ)2002 SI Porewater (GW-to-SW exposure pathway) 1998 SI Wastewater (direct exposure)Figure 4-1. CCW surface impoundment ecological screening risks:Direct exposure to surface impoundment wastewater.4.2.2 Surface Water Receptors (Full-Scale Analysis)Tables 4-21 and 4-22 present the 90th and 50th percentile results from the full-scaleecological risk assessment of the groundwater-to-surface-water pathway for surface waterreceptors for CCW landfills and surface impoundments. For landfills, boron (HQ of 281) , lead(HQ of 8), selenium (HQ of 2), arsenic (HQ of 2), and barium (HQ of 2) show risks above anHQ of 1 at the 90th percentile for the unlined units. Clay liners reduce the risks below an HQ of1 for all constituents except for boron, which still has a very high HQ (78 for the clay linerversus 281 for unlined). For surface impoundments, all modeled constituents except cadmiumApril 2010–Draft EPA document. 4-28
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationand aluminum showed 90th percentile risks above the ecological risk criterion, with boronshowing an HQ over 2,000 for the unlined units, and other HQs ranging from 3 to 22 for unlinedunits. The 50th percentile results are all well below an HQ of 1 for landfills and only exceed anHQ of 1 for boron in unlined surface impoundments (HQ = 7).As with other pathways and receptors, the difference in the number and magnitude ofecological HQs that exceed the risk criterion between landfills and surface impoundments islikely the result of (1) higher CCW constituent concentrations in surface impoundmentporewater and (2) the greater flux of contaminants to groundwater predicted during the activelife of the surface impoundment. As discussed in Section 4.1, the higher infiltration rates forsurface impoundments result from a higher hydraulic head in the impoundment and a higherproportion of unlined surface impoundments than landfills in the 1995 EPRI survey data used forthis risk assessment.Table 4-21. Summary of 90th Percentile Full-Scale CCW Ecological Risk Results:Groundwater-to-Surface-Water Pathway, Aquatic Receptors aChemicalLandfillsUnlined Units90th Percentile Ecological HQClay-LinedUnitsComposite-Lined UnitsExposurePathwayReceptorBoron 281 78 0.07 direct contact aquatic biotaLead 8 0.4 2E-06 ingestion river otterSelenium (VI) 2 0.7 3E-04 direct contact aquatic biotaArsenic (V) 2 0.1 4E-08 direct contact aquatic biotaBarium 2 0.2 0 direct contact aquatic biotaCadmium 0.5 0.1 3E-05 direct contact aquatic biotaAluminum 0.01 0.003 1E-07 direct contact aquatic biotaSurface ImpoundmentsBoron 2,375 854 257 direct contact aquatic biotaLead 22 7 2 ingestion river otterArsenic (V) 13 4 5 direct contact aquatic biotaSelenium (VI) 12 4 1 direct contact aquatic biotaCobalt 6 3 5 direct contact aquatic biotaBarium 3 1 0.8 direct contact aquatic biotaCadmium 1 0.7 0.4 direct contact aquatic biotaAluminum 0.03 0.01 0.008 direct contact aquatic biotaaZero results indicate that contaminant infiltration rates were too small for the contaminant plume toreach the receptor during the 10,000 year period of the analysis.April 2010–Draft EPA document. 4-29
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This draft document has been prepar
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CCWTable of ContentsTable of Conten
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CCWTable of ContentsList of Figures
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CCWTable of Contents4-22. Summary o
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CCWList of AcronymsAcronymDefinitio
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CCWList of AcronymsApril 2010-Draft
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Executive SummaryHuman and Ecologic
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Section 1.0Introduction1.0 Introduc
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Section 1.0Introduction1.3.2 Exposu
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Section 1.0IntroductionThis methodo
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Section 1.0Introduction1.4 Document
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationdata
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Section 2.0Problem FormulationTable
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationsmall
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Section 2.0Problem FormulationFigur
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationonsit
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Section 2.0Problem Formulation2.3 S
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationand C
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationof dr
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Section 3.0Analysisscale analysis.
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Section 3.0Analysis• The RfD is a
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Section 3.0Analysis3.1.2 Ecological
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Section 3.0AnalysisEcological Risk
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Section 3.0Analysisfor the screenin
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Section 3.0AnalysisTable 3-5. Scree
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Section 3.0Analysisapproximately 30
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Section 3.0Analysisthose input file
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Section 3.0AnalysisCCW Waste TypesC
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Section 3.0Analysis• An in-depth
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Section 3.0Analysisused to determin
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Page 157 and 158: Section 5.0ReferencesFinkelman, R.B
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Page 163 and 164: Section 5.0ReferencesDisposal of Co
Page 165 and 166: Appendix AConstituent DataA.1 Data
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Appendix AAttachment A-1: Sources o
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Appendix AAttachment A-1: Sources o
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April 2010-Draft EPA document.[This
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Appendix AAttachment A-2: CCW Const
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Appendix A Attachment A-3Table A-3-
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Appendix A Attachment A-3Cr IIIHgAg
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Appendix A Attachment A-3NO3CNCd, C
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Appendix BWaste Management UnitsWas
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Appendix BWaste Management Units•
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Appendix BWaste Management Units(e.
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Log(capacity, cubic yards)Log(area,
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Appendix BWaste Management UnitsB.7
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Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
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Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
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Appendix BAttachment B-2: CCW WMU D
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Appendix CSite DataWMU and the wate
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Appendix CSite DataFigure C-1. Exam
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Appendix CSite Dataeach site, eithe
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Appendix CSite DataBecause EPACMTP
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Appendix CSite DataHydrogeologic Se
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Appendix CSite DataFigure C-2. EPAC
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Appendix CSite DataEPACMTP Climate
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Appendix CSite DataRF1 Reach Types
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Appendix CSite DataTable C-9. Regio
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Appendix CSite DataHydrologicRegion
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Appendix CSite DataClawges, R.M., a
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Appendix CAttachment C-1: Soil Data
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Appendix CAttachment C-2: Hydrogeol
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Appendix CAttachment C-3: Climate C
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Appendix CAttachment C-4: Waterbody
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Appendix DMINTEQA2 Nonlinear Sorpti
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Appendix EEquationsIf Cwctot > Csol
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Appendix EAttachment E-1: Surface W
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Appendix EAttachment E-2: Fish Conc
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Appendix EAttachment E-3: Intake Ra
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Appendix FHuman Exposure Factorswer
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Appendix FHuman Exposure FactorsBec
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Appendix FHuman Exposure FactorsF.1
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksG.
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksHu
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksU.
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksRisk
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksH.1.
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksCons
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksU.S.
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Appendix ICalculation of Health-Bas
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Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
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Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
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Appendix KScreening Analysis Result
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Appendix LTime to Peak Concentratio
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Human and Ecological Risk Assessment - Earthjustice

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