Human and Ecological Risk Assessment - Earthjustice

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Appendix AAttachment A-1: Sources of DataHQ-RCRA-2003-0003-0412, EPA-HQ-RCRA-2003-0003-0413, EPA-HQ-RCRA-2003-0003-0414, EPA-HQ-RCRA-2003-0003-0415, EPA-HQ-RCRA-2003-0003-0416.Haefner, R.J. 2000. Water quality at an abandoned mine site treated with coal combustionby-products. In Proceedings of the Use and Disposal of Coal Combustion By-Products atCoal Mines: Technical Interactive Forum, K.C. Vories and D. Throgmorton, eds.Morgantown, WV, April 10–13, 2000. Available at http://www.techtransfer.osmre.gov/NTTMainSite/Library/proceed/ccb2000/front.pdf.Hassett, D.J., D.F. Pflughoeft-Hassett, D.L. Laudal, and J.H. Pavlish. 1999. Mercury releasefrom coal combustion by-products to the environment. In Mercury in the Environment,Proceedings of a Specialty Conference, Minneapolis, MN, September 15–17, Air &Waste Management Association, pp. 85–93. Available in EPA docket EPA-HQ-RCRA-2003-0003-0114 as document number EPA-HQ-RCRA-2003-0003-0114.Hower, J.C., J.D. Robertson, and J.M. Roberts. 2001. Coal combustion by products from theco-combustion of coal, tire-derived fuel, and petroleum coke at a western Kentuckycyclone-fired unit. In Proceedings of the American Coal Ash Association 14thInternational Symposium on Management & Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs),January 22–26, 2001, San Antonio, TX. Palo Alto, CA: Electric Power ResearchInstitute, EPRI 1001183, Volume 1: Management and Use of Coal Combustion Products(CCPs). Available at http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?space=CommunityPage&cached=true&parentname=ObjMgr&parentid=2&control=SetCommunity&CommunityID=404&RaiseDocID=000000000001001158&RaiseDocType=Abstract_id.Hower, J.C., J.D. Robertson, U.M. Graham, G.A. Thomas, A.S. Wong, and W.H. Schram. 1993.Characterization of Kentucky coal-combustion by-products: Compositional variationsbased on sulfur content of feed coal. Journal of Coal Quality 12:150–155.Hower, J.C., A.S. Trimble, C.F. Eble, C.A. Palmer, and A. Kolker. 1997. Characterization of flyash from low-sulfur and high-sulfur coal sources: Partitioning of carbon and traceelements with particle size. Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization andEnvironmental Effects 21(6):511–525.Indiana Department of Natural Resources. 1999. Response to the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency’s March 1999 Report to Congress: Wastes from the Combustion of Fossil Fuels,Volume 2 of 3. Available in EPA Docket number EPA-HQ-RCRA-1999-0022 asdocument number EPA-HQ-RCRA-1999-0022-0147.Kim, A.G., and G. Kazonich. 2001. Release of trace elements from CCB: Maximum extractablefraction. 2001. In Proceedings of the American Coal Ash Association 14th InternationalSymposium on Management & Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs), January 22–26, 2001, San Antonio, TX. Palo Alto, CA: Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI1001183, Volume 1: Management and Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs).Available at http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?space=CommunityPage&cached=true&parentname=ObjMgr&parentid=2&control=SetCommunity&CommunityID=404&RaiseDocID=000000000001001158&RaiseDocType=Abstract_id.Kost, D.A., J.P. Vimmerstedt, and R.C. Stehouwer. 1997. Reclamation of Acid, Toxic CoalSpoils Using Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization By-Product, Fly Ash and Sewage Sludge.April 2010–Draft EPA document.A-1-3
Appendix AAttachment A-1: Sources of DataAvailable in EPA docket number EPA-HQ-RCRA-2003-0003 as document number EPA-HQ-RCRA-2003-0003-0113.Longley, R.D. Jr., Silsbee, M.R., and Elsworth, D. 1997. Acid mine drainage remediationutilizing fly ash based grouts. Presented at the '97 International Ash UtilizationSymposium. Available at http://www.ems.psu.edu/~elsworth/publications/proc/1997_p_ash_utilization_conf_longley.pdf.Loop, C.M. 2000. The Impact of Ash Placement in a Surface Mine Pool on the Chemistry of theSilverbrook Basin. M.S. Thesis, University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.Mafi, S., M.T. Damian, R.E. Senita, W.C. Jewitt, S. Bair, Y-C. Chin, E. Whitlatch, S. Traina,and W. Wolfe. 1997. Injection of FGD Grout to Abate Acid Mine Drainage inUnderground Coal Mines. Presented at the Advanced Coal-Based Power andEnvironmental Systems ‘97 Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, July 22–24. Publication NumberDOE/MC/33092-98/C0946. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy. Available athttp://www.osti.gov/bridge/purl.cover.jsp?purl=/611785-iz9wzM/webviewable/.Naik, T.R., R.N. Kraus, R.F. Sturzl, and B.W. Ramme. 1998. Design and testing controlledlow-strength materials (CLSM) using clean coal ash. In The Design and Application ofControlled Low-Strength Materials (Flowable Fill), Edited by A.K. Howard and J.L.Hitch, ASTM STP 1331.Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP). 1999. PennsylvaniaDepartment of Environmental Quality Comments on EPA Report to Congress, Volume 2:Coal Ash Used as Minefill – Placement Not in Contact with Groundwater. Availablefrom Roderick A. Fletcher, Director, Bureau of Mining and Reclamation, PADEP,Rachel Carson State Office Building, P.O. Box 8461, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8461.Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP). 1999. PennsylvaniaDepartment of Environmental Quality Comments on EPA Report to Congress, Volume 3:Coal Ash Used as Minefill – Placement in Contact with Groundwater. Available fromRoderick A. Fletcher, Director, Bureau of Mining and Reclamation, PADEP, RachelCarson State Office Building, P.O. Box 8461, Harrisburg, PA 17105-8461.Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP). 2001. Coal Ash Data CD.Pflughoeft-Hassett, D.F. 1997. IGCC and PFBC By-Products: Generation, Characteristics, andManagement Practices. Report Number 97-EERC-09-06. Prepared by the Energy &Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, for the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. Available athttp://www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/IGCCandPFBC.pdf.Pflughoeft-Hassett, D.F., B.A. Dockter, D.J. Hassett, K.E. Eylands, and L.L. Hamre. 2000. Useof Bottom Ash and Fly Ash in Rammed-Earth Construction. Report No. 2000-EERC-09-03, Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks,ND. Available at http://www.undeerc.org/carrc/Assets/RammedEarth.pdf.PPL Generation, LLC. 1994–2001. Coal Ash Quality Results. Available athttp://www.regulations.gov as document number EPA-HQ-RCRA-2003-0003-0110.April 2010–Draft EPA document.A-1-4
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CCWTable of ContentsTable of Conten
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CCWTable of ContentsList of Figures
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CCWTable of Contents4-22. Summary o
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CCWList of AcronymsAcronymDefinitio
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CCWList of AcronymsApril 2010-Draft
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Executive SummaryHuman and Ecologic
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Section 1.0Introduction1.0 Introduc
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Section 1.0Introduction1.3.2 Exposu
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Section 1.0IntroductionThis methodo
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Section 1.0Introduction1.4 Document
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationdata
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Section 2.0Problem FormulationTable
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationsmall
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Section 2.0Problem FormulationFigur
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationonsit
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Section 2.0Problem Formulation2.3 S
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationand C
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationof dr
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Section 3.0Analysisscale analysis.
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Section 3.0Analysis• The RfD is a
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Section 3.0Analysis3.1.2 Ecological
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Section 3.0AnalysisEcological Risk
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Section 3.0Analysisfor the screenin
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Section 3.0AnalysisTable 3-5. Scree
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Section 3.0Analysisapproximately 30
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Section 3.0Analysisthose input file
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Section 3.0AnalysisCCW Waste TypesC
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Section 3.0Analysis• An in-depth
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Section 3.0Analysisused to determin
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Section 3.0Analysisconsolidation. A
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Section 3.0Analysis3.4.4 Model Outp
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Section 3.0Analysisclogged region o
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Section 3.0Analysissurface impoundm
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Section 3.0Analysisobtained from a
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Section 3.0AnalysisIn the saturated
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Section 3.0Analysis• The receptor
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Section 3.0Analysissediment and por
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Section 3.0AnalysisTable 3-11. Alum
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Section 3.0Analysischild was aged f
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Section 3.0Analysisa per kilogram b
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Section 3.0AnalysisNoncancer risk w
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization4.0
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Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationNot
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization90t
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Section 4.0Risk Characterizationbas
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization4.1
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Section 4.0Risk Characterizationund
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Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationTab
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Page 157 and 158: Section 5.0ReferencesFinkelman, R.B
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Appendix BWaste Management Units(e.
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Log(capacity, cubic yards)Log(area,
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Appendix BWaste Management UnitsB.7
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April 2010-Draft EPA document.[This
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Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
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Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
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Appendix BAttachment B-2: CCW WMU D
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Appendix CSite DataWMU and the wate
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Appendix CSite DataFigure C-1. Exam
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Appendix CSite Dataeach site, eithe
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Appendix CSite DataBecause EPACMTP
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Appendix CSite DataHydrogeologic Se
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Appendix CSite DataFigure C-2. EPAC
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Appendix CSite DataEPACMTP Climate
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Appendix CSite DataRF1 Reach Types
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Appendix CSite DataTable C-9. Regio
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Appendix CSite DataHydrologicRegion
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Appendix CSite DataClawges, R.M., a
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Appendix CAttachment C-1: Soil Data
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Appendix CAttachment C-2: Hydrogeol
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Appendix CAttachment C-3: Climate C
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Appendix CAttachment C-4: Waterbody
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Appendix DMINTEQA2 Nonlinear Sorpti
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Appendix EEquationsIf Cwctot > Csol
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Appendix EAttachment E-1: Surface W
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Appendix EAttachment E-2: Fish Conc
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Appendix EAttachment E-3: Intake Ra
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Appendix FHuman Exposure Factorswer
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Appendix FHuman Exposure FactorsBec
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Appendix FHuman Exposure FactorsF.1
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksG.
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksHu
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksU.
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksRisk
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksH.1.
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksCons
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksU.S.
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Appendix ICalculation of Health-Bas
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Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
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Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
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Appendix KScreening Analysis Result
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Appendix LTime to Peak Concentratio
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