Human and Ecological Risk Assessment - Earthjustice

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Appendix AConstituent DataAppendix A. Constituent DataThe coal combustion waste (CCW) risk assessment addressed metals and inorganicconstituents identified by EPA as potential constituents of concern in CCW (Table A-1). EPAderivedwaste concentrations for these constituents from the CCW constituent database, whichincludes analyte concentration data in three tables representing different types of waste samples:landfill leachate analyses (in mg/L), surface impoundment and landfill porewater analyses (inmg/L), and analyses of whole waste samples (in mg/kg). Each database table specifies, for mostsamples, the type of waste sampled and the type of coal burned at the facility.Table A-1. Constituents Addressed in the CCW Risk AssessmentConstituent CAS ID Constituent CAS IDMetalsInorganic AnionsAluminum 7429-90-5 Chloride 16887-00-6Antimony 7440-36-0 Cyanide 57-12-5Arsenic 7440-38-2 Fluoride 16984-48-8Barium 7440-39-3 Total Nitrate Nitrogen 14797-55-8Beryllium 7440-41-7 Phosphate 14265-44-2Boron 7440-42-8 Silicon 7631-86-9Cadmium 7440-43-9 Sulfate 14808-79-8Chromium 7440-47-3 Sulfide 18496-25-8Cobalt 7440-48-4 Inorganic CationsCopper 7440-50-8 Ammonia 7664-41-7Iron 7439-89-6 Calcium 7440-70-2Lead 7439-92-1 pH 12408-02-5Magnesium 7439-95-4 Potassium 7440-09-7Manganese 7439-96-5 Sodium 7440-23-5Mercury 7439-97-6 Nonmetallic ElementsMolybdenum 7439-98-7 Inorganic Carbon 7440-44-0Nickel 7440-02-0 Total Elemental Sulfur 7704-34-9Selenium 7782-49-2 MeasurementsSilver 7440-22-4 Total Dissolved Solids noneStrontium 7440-24-6 Total Organic Carbon noneThallium 7440-28-0 Dissolved Organic Carbon noneVanadium 7440-62-2Zinc 7440-66-6April 2010–Draft EPA document. A-1
Appendix AConstituent DataA.1 Data SourcesEPA prepared the CCW constituent database in 2002. The 2002 CCW constituentdatabase includes all of the waste characterization data used by EPA in its risk assessments insupport of the March 1999 Report to Congress: Wastes from the Combustion of Fossil Fuels (theRTC) (U.S. EPA, 1999). In addition to the data set from the March 1999 RTC, EPAsupplemented the database with the following data:• Data submitted with public comments to EPA on the 1999 RTC• Data submitted with public comments to EPA concerning the May 22, 2000, FinalRegulatory Determination• Data collected by and provided to EPA since the end of the public comment period on theFinal Regulatory Determination• Data identified from literature searches.The primary sources of these additional data include the electric power industry, state and federalregulatory agencies, and scientific literature. Attachment A-1 is a complete list of the sources ofdata contained in the 2002 CCW constituent database.The additional data represent a significant expansion in the quantity of characterizationdata available to EPA for analysis. For example, the data set used for the risk assessmentssupporting the RTC covered approximately 50 CCW generation and/or disposal sites. With theaddition of the supplemental data, the 2002 CCW constituent database now covers more than160 sites. The 1999 data set included approximately 10,000 individual samples of CCW. The2002 CCW constituent database now includes more than 35,000 individual samples.The additional data also represent an expansion in the scope of characterization dataavailable to EPA for analysis. The 1999 data were obtained exclusively from the electric powerindustry. As shown in Attachment A-1, the 2002 data set includes data from other sources, suchas scientific literature and state and federal regulatory agencies. The 1999 data set includedanalyses of whole waste samples, surface impoundment and landfill porewater analyses, andanalyses of extracts obtained using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), theSynthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP), and Extraction Procedure (EP) Toxicityleaching methods. The 2002 data set added analyses of actual landfill leachate (e.g., obtainedfrom leachate collection systems), analyses of extracts obtained using other leaching methods(including higher retention time leaching methods), and porewater analyses.The 2002 CCW constituent database represents CCW characteristics across a broadcross-section of the generating universe. Not only does the database include data from a largenumber of sites, but these sites are distributed throughout the United States, as shown inTable A-2. The database includes data for all major types of CCW (i.e., fly ash, bottom ash, fluegas desulfurization [FGD] sludge, fluidized bed combustion [FBC] fly ash, and FBC bed ash),from mixtures of CCW types that are commonly created during disposal operations (e.g.,combined fly ash and bottom ash), and from CCW mixed with coal refuse (a common disposalpractice). Section A.2 discusses waste types in more detail.April 2010–Draft EPA document. A-2
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This draft document has been prepar
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CCWTable of ContentsTable of Conten
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CCWTable of ContentsList of Figures
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CCWTable of Contents4-22. Summary o
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CCWList of AcronymsAcronymDefinitio
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CCWList of AcronymsApril 2010-Draft
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Executive SummaryHuman and Ecologic
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Section 1.0Introduction1.0 Introduc
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Section 1.0Introduction1.3.2 Exposu
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Section 1.0IntroductionThis methodo
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Section 1.0Introduction1.4 Document
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationdata
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Section 2.0Problem FormulationTable
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationsmall
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Section 2.0Problem FormulationFigur
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationonsit
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Section 2.0Problem Formulation2.3 S
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationand C
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Section 2.0Problem Formulationof dr
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Section 3.0Analysisscale analysis.
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Section 3.0Analysis• The RfD is a
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Section 3.0Analysis3.1.2 Ecological
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Section 3.0AnalysisEcological Risk
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Section 3.0Analysisfor the screenin
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Section 3.0AnalysisTable 3-5. Scree
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Section 3.0Analysisapproximately 30
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Section 3.0Analysisthose input file
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Section 3.0AnalysisCCW Waste TypesC
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Section 3.0Analysis• An in-depth
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Section 3.0Analysisused to determin
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Section 3.0Analysisconsolidation. A
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Section 3.0Analysis3.4.4 Model Outp
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Section 3.0Analysisclogged region o
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Section 3.0Analysissurface impoundm
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Section 3.0Analysisobtained from a
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Section 3.0AnalysisIn the saturated
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Section 3.0Analysis• The receptor
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Section 3.0Analysissediment and por
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Section 3.0AnalysisTable 3-11. Alum
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Section 3.0Analysischild was aged f
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Section 3.0Analysisa per kilogram b
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Section 3.0AnalysisNoncancer risk w
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization4.0
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Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationNot
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization90t
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Section 4.0Risk Characterizationbas
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization4.1
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Section 4.0Risk Characterizationund
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Page 157 and 158: Section 5.0ReferencesFinkelman, R.B
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Appendix A Attachment A-3Cr IIIHgAg
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Appendix A Attachment A-3NO3CNCd, C
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Appendix BWaste Management UnitsWas
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Appendix BWaste Management Units•
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Appendix BWaste Management Units(e.
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Log(capacity, cubic yards)Log(area,
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Appendix BWaste Management UnitsB.7
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Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
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Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
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Appendix BAttachment B-2: CCW WMU D
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Appendix CSite DataWMU and the wate
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Appendix CSite DataFigure C-1. Exam
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Appendix CSite Dataeach site, eithe
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Appendix CSite DataBecause EPACMTP
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Appendix CSite DataHydrogeologic Se
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Appendix CSite DataFigure C-2. EPAC
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Appendix CSite DataEPACMTP Climate
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Appendix CSite DataRF1 Reach Types
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Appendix CSite DataTable C-9. Regio
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Appendix CSite DataHydrologicRegion
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Appendix CSite DataClawges, R.M., a
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Appendix CAttachment C-1: Soil Data
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Appendix CAttachment C-2: Hydrogeol
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Appendix CAttachment C-3: Climate C
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Appendix CAttachment C-4: Waterbody
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Appendix DMINTEQA2 Nonlinear Sorpti
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Appendix EEquationsIf Cwctot > Csol
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Appendix EAttachment E-1: Surface W
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Appendix EAttachment E-2: Fish Conc
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Appendix EAttachment E-3: Intake Ra
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Appendix FHuman Exposure Factorswer
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Appendix FHuman Exposure FactorsBec
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Appendix FHuman Exposure FactorsF.1
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksG.
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksHu
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksU.
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksRisk
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksH.1.
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksCons
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksU.S.
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Appendix ICalculation of Health-Bas
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Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
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Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
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Appendix KScreening Analysis Result
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Appendix LTime to Peak Concentratio
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