Human and Ecological Risk Assessment - Earthjustice

More documents

Recommendations

Info

CCWTable of Contents3.4.3 Landfill Model Input Parameters ........................................................... 3-243.4.4 Model Outputs ....................................................................................... 3-263.5 Surface Impoundment Model ............................................................................ 3-263.5.1 Conceptual Model .................................................................................. 3-263.5.2 Modeling Approach and Assumptions................................................... 3-283.5.3 Surface Impoundment Model Input Parameters .................................... 3-303.5.4 Surface Impoundment Model Outputs ................................................... 3-323.6 Groundwater Model ........................................................................................... 3-323.6.1 Conceptual Model .................................................................................. 3-323.6.2 Modeling Approach and Assumptions................................................... 3-333.6.3 Model Inputs and Receptor Locations ................................................... 3-343.6.4 Groundwater Model Outputs ................................................................. 3-363.7 Surface Water Models ........................................................................................ 3-363.7.1 Equilibrium Partitioning Model ............................................................. 3-373.7.2 Aquatic Food Web Model ...................................................................... 3-383.7.3 Aluminum Precipitation Model ............................................................. 3-393.8 Human Exposure Assessment ............................................................................ 3-403.8.1 Receptors and Exposure Pathways ........................................................ 3-413.8.2 Exposure Factors .................................................................................... 3-423.8.3 Dose Estimates ....................................................................................... 3-433.9 Risk Estimation .................................................................................................. 3-443.9.1 Human Health Risk Estimation ............................................................. 3-453.9.2 Ecological Risk Estimation .................................................................... 3-464.0 Risk Characterization ....................................................................................................... 4-14.1 Human Health Risks ............................................................................................ 4-24.1.1 Groundwater-to-Drinking-Water Results by Waste Type/WMUScenario.................................................................................................... 4-24.1.2 Groundwater-to-Surface-Water (Fish Consumption) Pathway ............. 4-134.1.3 Results by Liner Type ............................................................................ 4-184.1.4 Constituents Not Modeled in the Full-Scale Assessment ...................... 4-204.1.5 Human Health (Groundwater and Fish Consumption) DamageCase Review ........................................................................................... 4-214.2 Ecological Risks................................................................................................. 4-264.2.1 Direct Surface Impoundment Exposure ................................................. 4-264.2.2 Surface Water Receptors (Full-Scale Analysis) .................................... 4-284.2.3 Sediment Receptors (Full-Scale Analysis) ............................................ 4-304.2.4 Constituents Not Modeled in the Full-Scale Assessment ...................... 4-324.2.5 Ecological Damage Cases ...................................................................... 4-334.3 Sensitivity Analysis ........................................................................................... 4-344.4 Variability and Uncertainty ................................................................................ 4-364.4.1 Scenario Uncertainty .............................................................................. 4-384.4.2 Model Uncertainty ................................................................................. 4-414.4.3 Parameter Uncertainty and Variability .................................................. 4-464.5 Summary and Conclusions ................................................................................ 4-575.0 References ........................................................................................................................ 5-1April 2010–Draft EPA document.vi
CCWTable of ContentsList of Figures1-1. Overview of coal combustion waste risk assessment. .......................................................... 1-42-1. Coal combustion plants with onsite waste disposal modeled in CCW risk assessment. ...... 2-72-2. Conceptual site model of CCW risk assessment. ................................................................. 2-82-3. Conceptual site layout for residential groundwater ingestion scenario. ............................. 2-102-4. Conceptual site layout for residential fisher and aquatic ecological risk scenario. ............ 2-113-1. Overview of the Monte Carlo approach. ............................................................................ 3-153-2. Monte Carlo looping structure. ........................................................................................... 3-163-3. Process used to construct the Monte Carlo input database. ................................................ 3-183-4. Conceptualization of a landfill in the landfill source-term model. ..................................... 3-203-5. Schematic cross-section view of surface impoundment. .................................................... 3-273-6. Conceptual model of the groundwater modeling scenario. ................................................ 3-333-7. Schematic plan view showing idealized maximum lateral contaminant plume extentand receptor well location. ............................................................................................. 3-354-1. CCW surface impoundment ecological screening risks: Direct exposure to surfaceimpoundment wastewater. ............................................................................................. 4-284-2. Comparison of CCW leachate data with other leachate data in U.S. EPA (2006c). ......... 4-474-3. CCW mercury concentrations compared with other leachate data. .................................... 4-51List of TablesES-1. Selected a 90th Percentile Risk Results by CCW Type: Landfills, Groundwater-to-Drinking-Water Pathway .............................................................................................. ES-6ES-4. Selected a 50th Percentile Risk Results by CCW Type: SurfaceImpoundments, Groundwater-to-Drinking-Water Pathway ......................................... ES-8ES-5. Selected a 90th Percentile Risk Results by CCW Type: SurfaceImpoundments, Groundwater-to-Surface-Water Pathway ............................................ ES-81-1. Liner Prevalence in EPRI and DOE Surveys ....................................................................... 1-22-1. Waste Streams in CCW Constituent Database ..................................................................... 2-32-2. Toxicity Assessment of CCW Constituents ......................................................................... 2-42-3. Coal Combustion Plants with Onsite CCW WMUs Modeled in the Full-ScaleAssessment ....................................................................................................................... 2-62-4. Receptors and Exposure Pathways Addressed in the Full-Scale CCW Assessment .......... 2-153-1. Human Health Benchmarks Used in the CCW Risk Assessment ........................................ 3-43-2. Ecological Receptors Assessed by Exposure Route and Medium (Surface Water orSediment) ......................................................................................................................... 3-63-3. Ecological Risk Criteria Used for Surface Water and Sediment .......................................... 3-73-4. Exposure Pathways Evaluated In CCW Constituent Screening ......................................... 3-103-5. Screening Analysis Results: Selection and Prioritization of CCW Constituents forFurther Analysis a ............................................................................................................ 3-123-6. CCW Waste Management Scenarios Modeled in Full-Scale Assessment ......................... 3-173-7. Leak Detection System Flow Rate Data Used to Develop Landfill Composite LinerInfiltration Rates ............................................................................................................ 3-233-8. Crosswalk Between EPRI and CCW Source Model Liner Types ...................................... 3-25April 2010–Draft EPA document.vii
Page 2 and 3: This draft document has been prepar
Page 5: CCWTable of ContentsTable of Conten
Page 9 and 10: CCWTable of Contents4-22. Summary o
Page 11 and 12: CCWList of AcronymsAcronymDefinitio
Page 13 and 14: CCWList of AcronymsApril 2010-Draft
Page 15 and 16: Executive SummaryHuman and Ecologic
Page 25 and 26: Section 1.0Introduction1.0 Introduc
Page 27 and 28: Section 1.0Introduction1.3.2 Exposu
Page 29 and 30: Section 1.0IntroductionThis methodo
Page 31 and 32: Section 1.0Introduction1.4 Document
Page 33 and 34: Section 2.0Problem Formulationdata
Page 35 and 36: Section 2.0Problem FormulationTable
Page 37 and 38: Section 2.0Problem Formulationsmall
Page 39 and 40: Section 2.0Problem FormulationFigur
Page 41 and 42: Section 2.0Problem Formulationonsit
Page 43 and 44: Section 2.0Problem Formulation2.3 S
Page 45 and 46: Section 2.0Problem Formulationand C
Page 47 and 48: Section 2.0Problem Formulationof dr
Page 49 and 50: Section 3.0Analysisscale analysis.
Page 51 and 52: Section 3.0Analysis• The RfD is a
Page 53 and 54: Section 3.0Analysis3.1.2 Ecological
Page 55 and 56: Section 3.0AnalysisEcological Risk
Page 57 and 58:
Section 3.0Analysisfor the screenin
Page 59 and 60:
Section 3.0AnalysisTable 3-5. Scree
Page 61 and 62:
Section 3.0Analysisapproximately 30
Page 63 and 64:
Section 3.0Analysisthose input file
Page 65 and 66:
Section 3.0AnalysisCCW Waste TypesC
Page 67 and 68:
Section 3.0Analysis• An in-depth
Page 69 and 70:
Section 3.0Analysisused to determin
Page 71 and 72:
Section 3.0Analysisconsolidation. A
Page 73 and 74:
Section 3.0Analysis3.4.4 Model Outp
Page 75 and 76:
Section 3.0Analysisclogged region o
Page 77 and 78:
Section 3.0Analysissurface impoundm
Page 79 and 80:
Section 3.0Analysisobtained from a
Page 81 and 82:
Section 3.0AnalysisIn the saturated
Page 83 and 84:
Section 3.0Analysis• The receptor
Page 85 and 86:
Section 3.0Analysissediment and por
Page 87 and 88:
Section 3.0AnalysisTable 3-11. Alum
Page 89 and 90:
Section 3.0Analysischild was aged f
Page 91 and 92:
Section 3.0Analysisa per kilogram b
Page 93 and 94:
Section 3.0AnalysisNoncancer risk w
Page 95 and 96:
Section 4.0Risk Characterization4.0
Page 97 and 98:
Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationNot
Page 99 and 100:
Section 4.0Risk Characterization90t
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationbas
Page 105 and 106:
Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationZer
Page 107 and 108:
Section 4.0Risk Characterization4.1
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationund
Page 113 and 114:
Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationLin
Page 115 and 116:
Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationRis
Page 117 and 118:
Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationTab
Page 119 and 120:
Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationThe
Page 121 and 122:
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationin
Page 123 and 124:
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationand
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationdis
Page 131 and 132:
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationana
Page 133 and 134:
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationmay
Page 135 and 136:
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationval
Page 137 and 138:
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationars
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationwas
Page 143 and 144:
Section 4.0Risk Characterizationche
Page 145 and 146:
Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationMer
Page 147 and 148:
Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationWat
Page 149 and 150:
Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationEPA
Page 151 and 152:
Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationEco
Page 153 and 154:
Section 4.0Risk Characterization•
Page 155 and 156:
Section 4.0Risk Characterization•
Page 157 and 158:
Section 5.0ReferencesFinkelman, R.B
Page 159 and 160:
Section 5.0ReferencesU.S. EPA (Envi
Page 161 and 162:
Section 5.0Referenceshttp://www.epa
Page 163 and 164:
Section 5.0ReferencesDisposal of Co
Page 165 and 166:
Appendix AConstituent DataA.1 Data
Page 167 and 168:
Appendix AConstituent DataA.2.1 Sel
Page 169 and 170:
Appendix AConstituent Data2. Select
Page 171 and 172:
Appendix AAttachment A-1: Sources o
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
April 2010-Draft EPA document.[This
Page 179 and 180:
Appendix AAttachment A-2: CCW Const
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Appendix A Attachment A-3Table A-3-
Page 215 and 216:
Appendix A Attachment A-3Cr IIIHgAg
Page 217 and 218:
Appendix A Attachment A-3NO3CNCd, C
Page 219 and 220:
Appendix BWaste Management UnitsWas
Page 221 and 222:
Appendix BWaste Management Units•
Page 223 and 224:
Appendix BWaste Management Units(e.
Page 225 and 226:
Log(capacity, cubic yards)Log(area,
Page 227 and 228:
Appendix BWaste Management UnitsB.7
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
Page 233 and 234:
Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Appendix BAttachment B-2: CCW WMU D
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Appendix CSite DataWMU and the wate
Page 249 and 250:
Appendix CSite DataFigure C-1. Exam
Page 251 and 252:
Appendix CSite Dataeach site, eithe
Page 253 and 254:
Appendix CSite DataBecause EPACMTP
Page 255 and 256:
Appendix CSite DataHydrogeologic Se
Page 257 and 258:
Appendix CSite DataFigure C-2. EPAC
Page 259 and 260:
Appendix CSite DataEPACMTP Climate
Page 261 and 262:
Appendix CSite DataRF1 Reach Types
Page 263 and 264:
Appendix CSite DataTable C-9. Regio
Page 265 and 266:
Appendix CSite DataHydrologicRegion
Page 267 and 268:
Appendix CSite DataClawges, R.M., a
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Appendix CAttachment C-1: Soil Data
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Appendix CAttachment C-2: Hydrogeol
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Appendix CAttachment C-3: Climate C
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Appendix CAttachment C-4: Waterbody
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Appendix DMINTEQA2 Nonlinear Sorpti
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Appendix EEquationsIf Cwctot > Csol
Page 339 and 340:
Appendix EAttachment E-1: Surface W
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Appendix EAttachment E-2: Fish Conc
Page 353 and 354:
Appendix EAttachment E-3: Intake Ra
Page 355 and 356:
Appendix FHuman Exposure Factorswer
Page 357 and 358:
Appendix FHuman Exposure FactorsBec
Page 359 and 360:
Appendix FHuman Exposure FactorsF.1
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksG.
Page 369 and 370:
Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksHu
Page 371 and 372:
Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksU.
Page 373 and 374:
Appendix HEcological BenchmarksRisk
Page 375 and 376:
Appendix HEcological BenchmarksH.1.
Page 377 and 378:
Appendix HEcological BenchmarksCons
Page 379 and 380:
Appendix HEcological BenchmarksU.S.
Page 381 and 382:
Appendix ICalculation of Health-Bas
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
Page 391 and 392:
Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
Page 393 and 394:
Appendix KScreening Analysis Result
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Appendix LTime to Peak Concentratio
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409:
show all

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment - Earthjustice

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?