Human and Ecological Risk Assessment - Earthjustice

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Executive SummaryHuman and Ecological Risk Assessment of Coal Combustion WastesTable ES-2. Selected a 50th Percentile Risk Results by CCW Type: Landfills,Groundwater-to-Drinking-Water PathwayChemicalUnlined UnitsCodisposed CCW and Coal Refuse – 41 landfills50th Percentile HQ or Cancer Risk Value bCancerClay-Lined UnitsComposite-LinedUnitsArsenic III 2E-05 6E-06 0abValues are presented only for chemicals that exceed an excess cancer risk of 1 in 100,000(arsenic only) or an HQ of 1.Values are HQs for all chemicals except arsenic; arsenic values are cancer risk. Zero resultsindicate that contaminant infiltration rates were too small for the contaminant plume to reachthe receptor during the 10,000-year period of the analysis.Table ES-3. Selected a 90th Percentile Risk Results by CCW Type: SurfaceImpoundments, Groundwater-to-Drinking-Water PathwayChemical90th Percentile HQ or Cancer Risk Value bUnlined UnitsConventional CCW – 44 surface impoundmentsCancerClay-Lined UnitsComposite-LinedUnitsArsenic III 2E-03 9E-04 2E-07Arsenic V 7E-04 2E-04 0NoncancerBoron 7 4 5E-03Lead (MCL) c 3 0.7 1E-21Molybdenum 8 5 7E-03Nitrate/nitrite (MCL) c 20 10 9E-04Selenium VI 2 1 1E-03Codisposed CCW and Coal Refuse – 72 surface impoundmentsCancerArsenic III 2E-02 7E-03 4E-06Arsenic V 2E-02 2E-03 3E-09NoncancerCadmium 9 3 5E-05Cobalt 500 200 3E-06Lead (MCL) c 9 1 1E-19Molybdenum 3 2 4E-03abcValues are presented only for chemicals that exceed an excess cancer risk of 1 in 100,000(arsenic only) or an HQ of 1.Values are HQs for all chemicals except arsenic; arsenic values are cancer risk. Zeroresults indicate that contaminant infiltration rates were too small for the contaminantplume to reach the receptor during the 10,000-year period of the analysis.Values are ratios of exposure concentration to MCL.April 2010–Draft EPA document.ES-7
Executive SummaryHuman and Ecological Risk Assessment of Coal Combustion WastesTable ES-4. Selected a 50th Percentile Risk Results by CCW Type: SurfaceImpoundments, Groundwater-to-Drinking-Water PathwayChemical50th Percentile HQ or Cancer Risk Value bUnlined UnitsConventional CCW – 44 surface impoundmentsCancerClay-Lined UnitsComposite–LinedUnitsArsenic III 1E-04 6E-05 0Arsenic V 2E-05 4E-06 0Codisposed CCW and Coal Refuse – 72 surface impoundmentsCancerArsenic III 6E-04 2E-04 0Arsenic V 3E-04 4E-05 0NoncancerCobalt 20 6 0abValues are presented only for chemicals that exceed an excess cancer risk of 1 in 100,000(arsenic only) or an HQ of 1.Values are HQs for all chemicals except arsenic; arsenic values are cancer risk.Zero results indicate that contaminant infiltration rates were too small for thecontaminant plume to reach the receptor during the 10,000-year period of the analysis.Table ES-5. Selected a 90th Percentile Risk Results by CCW Type: SurfaceImpoundments, Groundwater-to-Surface-Water PathwayChemical90th Percentile HQ or Cancer Risk Value bUnlined UnitsConventional CCW – 44 surface impoundmentsNoncancerClay-Lined UnitsComposite-LinedUnitsSelenium VI 3 2 2E-06Codisposed CCW and Coal Refuse – 72 surface impoundmentsCancerArsenic III 3E-05 2E-05 1E-14Arsenic V 2E-05 8E-06 6E-19abValues are presented only for chemicals that exceed an excess cancer risk of 1 in 100,000(arsenic only) or an HQ of 1.Values are HQs for all chemicals except arsenic; arsenic values are cancer risk.Zero results indicate that contaminant infiltration rates were too small for thecontaminant plume to reach the receptor during the 10,000-year period of the analysis.April 2010–Draft EPA document.ES-8
Page 2 and 3: This draft document has been prepar
Page 5 and 6: CCWTable of ContentsTable of Conten
Page 7 and 8: CCWTable of ContentsList of Figures
Page 9 and 10: CCWTable of Contents4-22. Summary o
Page 11 and 12: CCWList of AcronymsAcronymDefinitio
Page 13 and 14: CCWList of AcronymsApril 2010-Draft
Page 15 and 16: Executive SummaryHuman and Ecologic
Page 19: Executive SummaryHuman and Ecologic
Page 25 and 26: Section 1.0Introduction1.0 Introduc
Page 27 and 28: Section 1.0Introduction1.3.2 Exposu
Page 29 and 30: Section 1.0IntroductionThis methodo
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Page 33 and 34: Section 2.0Problem Formulationdata
Page 35 and 36: Section 2.0Problem FormulationTable
Page 37 and 38: Section 2.0Problem Formulationsmall
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Page 43 and 44: Section 2.0Problem Formulation2.3 S
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Page 49 and 50: Section 3.0Analysisscale analysis.
Page 51 and 52: Section 3.0Analysis• The RfD is a
Page 53 and 54: Section 3.0Analysis3.1.2 Ecological
Page 55 and 56: Section 3.0AnalysisEcological Risk
Page 57 and 58: Section 3.0Analysisfor the screenin
Page 59 and 60: Section 3.0AnalysisTable 3-5. Scree
Page 61 and 62: Section 3.0Analysisapproximately 30
Page 63 and 64: Section 3.0Analysisthose input file
Page 65 and 66: Section 3.0AnalysisCCW Waste TypesC
Page 67 and 68: Section 3.0Analysis• An in-depth
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Section 3.0Analysisconsolidation. A
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Section 3.0Analysis3.4.4 Model Outp
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Section 3.0Analysisclogged region o
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Section 3.0Analysissurface impoundm
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Section 3.0Analysisobtained from a
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Section 3.0AnalysisIn the saturated
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Section 3.0Analysis• The receptor
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Section 3.0Analysissediment and por
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Section 3.0AnalysisTable 3-11. Alum
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Section 3.0Analysischild was aged f
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Section 3.0Analysisa per kilogram b
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Section 3.0AnalysisNoncancer risk w
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization4.0
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Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationNot
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Section 4.0Risk Characterization90t
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Section 4.0Risk Characterizationbas
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Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationEPA
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Section 4.0Risk CharacterizationEco
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Section 5.0ReferencesFinkelman, R.B
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Section 5.0ReferencesU.S. EPA (Envi
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Section 5.0Referenceshttp://www.epa
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Section 5.0ReferencesDisposal of Co
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Appendix AConstituent DataA.1 Data
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Appendix AConstituent DataA.2.1 Sel
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Appendix AConstituent Data2. Select
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Appendix AAttachment A-1: Sources o
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April 2010-Draft EPA document.[This
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Appendix AAttachment A-2: CCW Const
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Appendix A Attachment A-3Table A-3-
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Appendix A Attachment A-3Cr IIIHgAg
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Appendix A Attachment A-3NO3CNCd, C
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Appendix BWaste Management UnitsWas
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Appendix BWaste Management Units•
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Appendix BWaste Management Units(e.
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Log(capacity, cubic yards)Log(area,
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Appendix BWaste Management UnitsB.7
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Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
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Appendix BAttachment B-1: CCW Dispo
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Appendix BAttachment B-2: CCW WMU D
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Appendix CSite DataWMU and the wate
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Appendix CSite DataFigure C-1. Exam
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Appendix CSite Dataeach site, eithe
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Appendix CSite DataBecause EPACMTP
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Appendix CSite DataHydrogeologic Se
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Appendix CSite DataFigure C-2. EPAC
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Appendix CSite DataEPACMTP Climate
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Appendix CSite DataRF1 Reach Types
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Appendix CSite DataTable C-9. Regio
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Appendix CSite DataHydrologicRegion
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Appendix CSite DataClawges, R.M., a
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Appendix CAttachment C-1: Soil Data
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Appendix CAttachment C-2: Hydrogeol
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Appendix CAttachment C-3: Climate C
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Appendix CAttachment C-4: Waterbody
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Appendix DMINTEQA2 Nonlinear Sorpti
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Appendix EEquationsIf Cwctot > Csol
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Appendix EAttachment E-1: Surface W
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Appendix EAttachment E-2: Fish Conc
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Appendix EAttachment E-3: Intake Ra
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Appendix FHuman Exposure Factorswer
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Appendix FHuman Exposure FactorsBec
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Appendix FHuman Exposure FactorsF.1
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksG.
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksHu
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Appendix GHuman Health BenchmarksU.
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksRisk
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksH.1.
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksCons
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Appendix HEcological BenchmarksU.S.
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Appendix ICalculation of Health-Bas
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Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
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Appendix JChemical-Specific Inputs
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Appendix KScreening Analysis Result
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Appendix LTime to Peak Concentratio
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