Combining submerged membrane technology with anaerobic and ...

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Chapter 7Membrane fouling in an AnMBR treating industrial wastewaterat high total solids concentrationSummaryIn this chapter an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was operated for thetreatment of an herbal extraction wastewater. The complexity and low biodegradability ofthis industrial wastewater led to the operation of the bioreactor at high mixed liquor totalsolids (MLTS) concentrations. The fluxes achieved ranged between 1 and 2.5 L·m -2·h -1 ,working with MLTS between 38 and 61 g·L -1 . These values were similar to those obtainedin other AnMBR treating industrial wastewaters with submerged membrane modules atMLTS above 30 g·L -1 . Nevertheless, the information regarding membrane performance ofAnMBR operated at high MLTS concentration is limited. Thus, the possibility of improvingmembrane performance by adding powdered activated carbon (PAC) was evaluated.Furthermore typical fouling indicator concentrations recently studied during theoperation of aerobic MBRs, such as biopolymer cluster (BPC) and transparent exopolymerparticles (TEP), were measured during the operation. Moreover, the filterability propertiesof the sludge were determined during the operation in order to examine if the addition ofPAC could improve the resistance to filtration of the mixed liquor. The concentrations ofthe fouling indicators measured during this studying were extremely high, as well asspecific resistance to filtration and the addition of PAC to the AnMBR did not improveanyone of them. Membrane fouling was governed by the hydrodynamics derived from thehigh MLTS concentration. Since this high MLTS concentration did not improve organicmatter removal, a diminution below 20 g·L -1 could enhance membrane fluxes, especiallywhen PAC would be added into the reactor, as suggested by literature.This research was carried out in the chair of Chemical & Process Engineering at the TechnicalUniversity of Berlin. Parts of this chapter will be published as:Brand, C., Sánchez, A., Chlaida, M., Kraume, M. 2013. Membrane fouling in an AnMBR treatingindustrial wastewater at high total solids concentration. In preparation.Brand, C., Sánchez, A., Chlaida, M., Kraume, M. 2013. Acidification in an Anaerobic MembraneBioreactor treating Herbal Extraction Wastewater. In preparation
Chapter 77.1. IntroductionSubmerged membrane bioreactors (MBR) represent an attractive technologicalsolution which has been widely applied for the aerobic and/or anaerobic treatment ofindustrial and municipal wastewater (Kang et al., 2002; Rosenberger et al., 2002; He et al.,2005; Sridang et al., 2008; Kanai et al., 2010; Buntner et al., 2010). The major drawback tothis technology is the fouling of the membrane, especially in anaerobic MBR (AnMBR).Considering that the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the mixed liquor inaerobic and anaerobic systems differ significantly, the importance of the foulingmechanisms impacting might be very different. Feasible flux has a strong influence on boththe capital and operating costs of the process. Most of the authors working withsubmerged AnMBR reported fluxes in the range of 5-10 L·m -2·h -1 at temperatures above30 °C treating municipal wastewaters (Saddoud et al., 2007; Trzcinski and Stuckey, 2009;Skouteris et al., 2012). Applicable fluxes reported for the treatment of industrialwastewaters in mesophilic submerged AnMBR are generally lower, ranging between 2 and5 L·m -2·h -1 (Van Zyl et al., 2008; Spagni et al., 2010; Skouteris et al., 2012). Spagni et al.(2010) demonstrated that the applicable fluxes obtained in AnMBR depend strongly onoperational conditions and rapid membrane fouling was usually observed.The causes responsible for membrane fouling in aerobic MBR have been widelystudied whereas a limited amount of research has focused on the parameters that limitspermeate flux in AnMBR, specially treating industrial wastewaters. Anyway, mixed liquortotal solids (MLTS) concentration is considered as one of the most important parametersfor MBR (Jeison and van Lier, 2006), especially for AnMBR since high MLTS are requireddue to low growth rates of anaerobic bacteria. Moreover, some industrial wastewaters arevery difficult to degrade due to its complex matrix, the presence of particulate slowlybiodegradable matter and/or inorganic substances; and hence a high biomassconcentration could improve the volumetric biological capacity of the reactor. The exactrelationship between MLTS concentration and the steady-state permeate flux in anAnMBR has not been extensively investigated (Berubé et al., 2006), and the informationregarding AnMBR operation at high MLTS concentration is very limited. Stuckey and Hu(2003) observed that the TMP required to maintain a constant permeate flux in an AnMBRtreating a synthetic wastewater at an MLTS concentration of 35 g·L -1 was more than twiceas high as required at an MLTS concentration of 7 g·L -1 . Kitamura et al. (1996) observed asimilar behaviour treating industrial wastewater in an AnMBR. This is in accordance withHo and Sung (2009), who reported that high MLTS concentrations in an AnMBR lead to asudden, rapid fouling. Nevertheless there is limited information regarding membrane174
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UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTE
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padres Macario y Marisa, les agrade
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2.1.2. Nitrogen compounds 662.1.2.1
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Chapter 4: Combining UASB and MBR f
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Objetivos y resumenEsta tesis se en
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Objetivos y resumenpermeabilidad de
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Objetivos y resumenuno de los pará
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Objetivos y resumenel sistema propu
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Objetivos y resumenconcentraciones
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Obxectivos e resumoauga tratada. O
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Obxectivos e resumoNo Capítulo 3,
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Obxectivos e resumog·L -1 , valore
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Obxectivos e resumoparámetros clav
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Objectives and summaryThis thesis i
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Objectives and summaryOn the basis
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Objectives and summaryfrom the MBR
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Objectives and summaryconsidering t
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Chapter 1IntroductionSummaryIn this
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IntroductionThe combination of memb
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IntroductionThe membranes should ha
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Introductionof water. Energy saving
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number of plants (cum. values)Intro
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IntroductionSubmerged MBR system in
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Introductionchanges of the foulant
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Introductionof 2% NaOH and 0.5% cit
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IntroductionFigure 1.8. Posible rel
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IntroductionSide-stream MBRs involv
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Introductionutilizes the advantages
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Introductionmeans of settlers, of s
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IntroductionUASB, achieving total n
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IntroductionEvenblij, H., van der G
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IntroductionMtinch, E.V., Ban, K.,
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IntroductionYang, S., Yang, F., Fu,
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Chapter 22.1. Liquid phaseIn this s
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Chapter 2where:M fas: molarity of F
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Acetic Acid (mg·L -1 )Chapter 2VFA
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N-NO 2-(mg·L -1 )Chapter 22.1.2.2.
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N-NO 3-(mg·L -1 )Chapter 2interfer
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P-PO 43-(mg·L -1 )Chapter 2Interfe
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Chapter 2alkalinity (IA), which is
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Chapter 22.2.3. Sludge volumetric i
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Chapter 2eq. 2.10eq. 2.11eq. 2.12Th
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Carbohydrate (mg·L -1 )Chapter 2In
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TEP (mgXG·L -1 )Chapter 22.4.4.4.
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Chapter 2Ripley, L.E., Boyle, W.C.,
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Chapter 33.1. IntroductionIn recent
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Chapter 3same in both modules; tap
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Chapter 3phases were varied (table
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Chapter 3to time was higher than 10
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COD removal (%)Chapter 3120100Perio
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DTN and N-NH 4+ (mg·L-1 )DTN and N
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Chapter 3operated with high MLTSS c
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TMP (kPa)TMP (kPa)TMP (kPa)TMP (kPa
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SMP carbohydrates (mg·L -1 )Chapte
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Volume (%)Chapter 3Therefore, the c
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Chapter 3identical to that of the c
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Chapter 3Massé, A. Spérandio, M.,
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Chapter 44.1. IntroductionThe appli
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Chapter 4support were added in this
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Chapter 4This cleaning was performe
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COD (mg·L -1 )COD removal (%)OLR (
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Chapter 4the recirculation ratio be
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(mg·L -1 )Chapter 4and ammonium) n
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Page 153 and 154: Fouling Rate (Pa·min -1 )Fouling R
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Page 159 and 160: Chapter 5Ho, J., Sung, S. 2010. Met
Page 162 and 163: Chapter 6Denitrification with disso
Page 164 and 165: Denitrification with dissolved meth
Page 174 and 175: (mg·L -1 )Denitrification with dis
Page 176 and 177: DTN effluent (mg·L -1 )CH 4 desorb
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Page 194 and 195: OLR and ORR(kgCOD ·m -3·d -1 )pHO
Page 196 and 197: TEP removed (mg·L -1 )OA removed (
Page 198 and 199: R col (m -1 )SRF (m·kg -1 )Membran
Page 200 and 201: BPC, cBPC and TEP concentration(mg
Page 202 and 203: Cake and Colloidal Resistance (m -1
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Page 211 and 212: Conclusionessentido, el uso de una
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Page 219 and 220: ConclusionsMoreover, biomass concen
Page 221 and 222: Conclusionstechnology and interesti
Page 223 and 224: List of symbolsHFHRTHyVABHollow Fib
Page 225 and 226: List of symbolsFR/J Normalized Foul
Page 227 and 228: List of publicationsBrand, C., Sán
Page 229: List of publicationsConference on E
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