Combining submerged membrane technology with anaerobic and ...

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Membrane fouling in an AnMBR treating industrial wastewater at high total solids concentrationsFigure 7.1. Scheme of the AnMBR reactor set-up.7.3.2. Synthetic wastewaterThe wastewater was prepared by using an aqueous extraction of rosemary(Rosmarinus officinalis), as rosemary is one of the main raw materials in the industrialprocess. The rosemary was boiled for 3 hours in water (1 kg rosemary per 10 L water).The produced concentrate had a COD of 20 to 22 g·L -1 and is diluted to CODconcentration of 8 to 10 g·L -1 for the AnMBR.7.3.3. Powder activated carbonCommercial PAC CX1 (CECA, France) was used in this study. PAC wasmanufactured pine wood charcoal chemically activated with phosphoric acid. The selectedPAC is specially employed for decolourization of liquids and fatty acids elimination in agrofoodand chemical industries. The main characteristics of PAC are given in table 7.1.177
Chapter 7Table 7.1. Characteristics of PACParameter Unit PAC CX1Mean particle size µm 30Specific surface m 2·g -1 1000Methylene blue number mL·100g -1 11Iodine number cg·g -1 1007.3.4. Analytical methodsMixed liquor volatile total solids (MLVTS) and MLTS were determined according tothe German standard DIN 38409-1 using a porcelain melting pot. Concentration ofchemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous, organic acids(OA) and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured with selective Hach-Lange tests.Total alkalinity (TA), partial alkalinity (PA) and intermediate alkalinity (IA) were determinedfollowing the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA-AWWA-WPCF, 1998). Concentration of methane, CO 2 and nitrogen were measured usinga gas chromatograph (SRI-Instruments).With respect to the membrane operation, transmembrane pressure (TMP) andpermeability were measured continuously. The difference in TOC concentration betweenthe mixed liquor after filtration through a 0.45 µm nitrocellulose membrane filters (HA,Millipore) and the permeate was assigned to the colloidal fraction of biopolymer clusters(cBPC) in the liquid phase of the sludge suspension (Sun et al., 2008). The analysismethod used for the determination of the transparent exopolymer particles (TEP)concentration (de la Torre et al., 2008) is based on the protocol developed for TEPquantification in sea water (Arruda et al., 2004). The critical flux was determined accordingto the modified flux-step method proposed by van der Marel et al. (2009). The criterionemployed was that the increment of transmembrane pressure (TMP) with respect to timewas higher than 10 Pa·min -1 (Le-Clech et al., 2003).The specific resistance to filtration of a sludge sample was determined by a deadendfilterability test. The test was conducted at 25ºC in a 200-mL pressurized cylinder(Model Sartorius SM 16249) using a 0.2 µm flat-sheet cellulose acetate membrane filterwith a diameter of 47 mm (12587-47-N Sartorius). Using the Carman-Kozeny equation tocalculate the pressure drop of a fluid flowing through a packed bed of solids in laminar flow178
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UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTE
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padres Macario y Marisa, les agrade
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2.1.2. Nitrogen compounds 662.1.2.1
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Chapter 4: Combining UASB and MBR f
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Objetivos y resumenEsta tesis se en
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Objetivos y resumenpermeabilidad de
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Objetivos y resumenuno de los pará
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Objetivos y resumenel sistema propu
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Objetivos y resumenconcentraciones
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Obxectivos e resumoauga tratada. O
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Obxectivos e resumoNo Capítulo 3,
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Obxectivos e resumog·L -1 , valore
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Obxectivos e resumoparámetros clav
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Objectives and summaryThis thesis i
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Objectives and summaryOn the basis
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Objectives and summaryfrom the MBR
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Objectives and summaryconsidering t
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Chapter 1IntroductionSummaryIn this
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IntroductionThe combination of memb
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IntroductionThe membranes should ha
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Introductionof water. Energy saving
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number of plants (cum. values)Intro
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IntroductionSubmerged MBR system in
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Introductionchanges of the foulant
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Introductionof 2% NaOH and 0.5% cit
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IntroductionFigure 1.8. Posible rel
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IntroductionSide-stream MBRs involv
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Introductionutilizes the advantages
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Introductionmeans of settlers, of s
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IntroductionUASB, achieving total n
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IntroductionEvenblij, H., van der G
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IntroductionMtinch, E.V., Ban, K.,
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IntroductionYang, S., Yang, F., Fu,
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Chapter 22.1. Liquid phaseIn this s
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Chapter 2where:M fas: molarity of F
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Acetic Acid (mg·L -1 )Chapter 2VFA
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N-NO 2-(mg·L -1 )Chapter 22.1.2.2.
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N-NO 3-(mg·L -1 )Chapter 2interfer
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P-PO 43-(mg·L -1 )Chapter 2Interfe
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Chapter 2alkalinity (IA), which is
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Chapter 22.2.3. Sludge volumetric i
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Chapter 2eq. 2.10eq. 2.11eq. 2.12Th
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Carbohydrate (mg·L -1 )Chapter 2In
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TEP (mgXG·L -1 )Chapter 22.4.4.4.
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Chapter 2Ripley, L.E., Boyle, W.C.,
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Chapter 33.1. IntroductionIn recent
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Chapter 3same in both modules; tap
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Chapter 3phases were varied (table
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Chapter 3to time was higher than 10
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COD removal (%)Chapter 3120100Perio
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DTN and N-NH 4+ (mg·L-1 )DTN and N
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Chapter 3operated with high MLTSS c
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TMP (kPa)TMP (kPa)TMP (kPa)TMP (kPa
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SMP carbohydrates (mg·L -1 )Chapte
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Volume (%)Chapter 3Therefore, the c
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Chapter 3identical to that of the c
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Chapter 3Massé, A. Spérandio, M.,
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Chapter 44.1. IntroductionThe appli
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Chapter 4support were added in this
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Chapter 4This cleaning was performe
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COD (mg·L -1 )COD removal (%)OLR (
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Chapter 4the recirculation ratio be
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(mg·L -1 )Chapter 4and ammonium) n
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Chapter 4recirculation from the MBR
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Chapter 4days 57 (period I) and 316
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Page 143 and 144: Chapter 55.1. IntroductionAnaerobic
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 55.3. Material and methods5
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Page 149 and 150: Chapter 5operating with similar mem
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Page 153 and 154: Fouling Rate (Pa·min -1 )Fouling R
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Page 157 and 158: Chapter 5in table 5.3 showed that h
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 5Ho, J., Sung, S. 2010. Met
Page 162 and 163: Chapter 6Denitrification with disso
Page 164 and 165: Denitrification with dissolved meth
Page 174 and 175: (mg·L -1 )Denitrification with dis
Page 176 and 177: DTN effluent (mg·L -1 )CH 4 desorb
Page 186 and 187: Chapter 7Membrane fouling in an AnM
Page 188 and 189: Membrane fouling in an AnMBR treati
Page 194 and 195: OLR and ORR(kgCOD ·m -3·d -1 )pHO
Page 196 and 197: TEP removed (mg·L -1 )OA removed (
Page 198 and 199: R col (m -1 )SRF (m·kg -1 )Membran
Page 200 and 201: BPC, cBPC and TEP concentration(mg
Page 202 and 203: Cake and Colloidal Resistance (m -1
Page 208: Membrane fouling in an AnMBR treati
Page 211 and 212: Conclusionessentido, el uso de una
Page 213 and 214: Conclusionesensuciamiento de la mem
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Page 217 and 218: Conclusións6. Aplicabilidade e per
Page 219 and 220: ConclusionsMoreover, biomass concen
Page 221 and 222: Conclusionstechnology and interesti
Page 223 and 224: List of symbolsHFHRTHyVABHollow Fib
Page 225 and 226: List of symbolsFR/J Normalized Foul
Page 227 and 228: List of publicationsBrand, C., Sán
Page 229: List of publicationsConference on E
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