Combining submerged membrane technology with anaerobic and ...

Materials and methodsIntensive Chemical CleaningChemical cleaning was performed outside the membrane chamber only whenpermeability value was below 50 L·m -2 ∙h -1 ∙bar -1 , approximately. The cleaning procedurewas:1) physical cleaning by rinsing with tap water,2) Submerging the membrane in chlorinated water (2000 ppm Cl 2:1) for 2 h, and3) Backwashing with chlorinated water (2000 ppm Cl 2:1) for 1 h.2.6. ReferencesAMEDEUS & EUROMBRA project proceedings, meeting of Berlin, 1 of June 2006.Anthonisen, A., Loehr, R., Prakasan, T., Srineth, E. 1976. Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia andnitrous acid. Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 48, 835-852.APHA-AWWA-WPCF. 1985. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16 thed., American Public Health Association, Washington, USA.APHA-AWWA-WPCF. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20 thed., American Public Health Association, Washington, USA.Arruda Fatibello, S.H.S, Henriques Vieira, A.A., Fatibello-Filho, O. 2004. A rapid spectrophotometricmethod for the determination of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in freshwater. Talanta62, 81–85de la Torre, T., Lesjean, B., Drews, A., Kraume, M. 2008. Monitoring of transparent exopolymerparticles (TEP) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and correlation with other fouling indicators.Water Science and Technology 58 (10), 1903-1910.Drews, A., Vocks, M., Bracklow, U., Iversen, V., Kraume, M. 2008. Does fouling in MBRs depend onSMP? Desalination 231, 141–149.Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A., Smith, F. 1956. Colorimetric method fordetermination of sugars and related substances. Analytical chemistry 28, 350-356.Frølund, B., Palmgrem, R., Keiding, K., Nielsen, P.H. 1996. Extraction of extracellular polymersfrom activated sludge using a cation exchange resin. Water research 30(8), 1749-1758.Le-Clech, P., Jefferson, B., Chang, I.S., Judd, S. 2003. Critical flux determination by the flux-stepmethod in a submerged membrane bioreactor. Journal of Membrane Science 227, 81-93.Lowry, O.H., Rosenbrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R.J. 1951. Protein measurements with the folinphenol reagent. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 193(1), 265- 275.Jenkins, S.R., Morgan, J.M., Sawyer, C.L. 1983. Measuring anaerobic sludge digestion and growthby simple alkalimetric titration. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 55, 448-453.83